桔梗（一钱五分） 甘草（五分，炙） 白前（一钱五分） 橘红（一钱） 百部（一钱五分） 紫菀（一钱五
水煎服。风寒初起，加防风、荆芥、紫苏子。
半夏（姜汁炒，三钱） 茯苓（三钱） 甘草（炙，一钱） 生姜（三片）
水煎服。
咽痛有表里寒热之分，不可不辨也。风寒在表而兼咽痛者，此风火聚于肺也，宜用甘桔
汤，加荆芥、防风、薄荷、牛蒡之类以散之。少阴里证兼咽痛者，以少阴之脉，循喉咙，挟
舌本也，宜分寒热治之。凡传经少阴，口燥舌干而痛者，热也，甘桔汤主之，甚至加黄连、
元参、牛蒡之属。凡咽痛，以蒡子为主。直中少阴，肾气虚寒，逼其无根失守之火，浮游于
上，以致咽痛，必兼下利清谷，手足厥冷诸症，但温其中而痛自止，姜附汤加桔梗主之。夫
同一少阴咽痛，而寒热之别相隔千里，不可不察。复有阴毒、阳毒咽痛者，治如少阴证。更
有发汗过多，遂至汗多亡阳，内损津液，而成咽痛者，宜用参、 、归、术，调补元气，收
敛汗液而痛自除。凡咽痛，通用甘桔汤，在表者，加散药，在里者，分别寒热而加入温凉之
剂。仲景立法精粹，学人宜致思焉。
甘桔汤 （见前少阴证。
伤寒吐血者，热迫血而上行也。然有表里之殊，如当汗失汗，以致邪蕴于经而吐血者，
用麻黄汤散之，后人以加味参苏饮代之，其法至稳。若邪气入里，酝酿成热，以致吐血者，
宜用犀角地黄汤清之。若大便闭结，热邪上攻者，生地四物汤加大黄下之，釜底抽薪，则火
气顿平，而釜中之水，无腾沸之患矣。切忌寻常滋补药，姑息容奸，使邪气流连，反成败症
更有以热济热而为动阴血者，详辨于后。
桔梗（一钱五分） 甘草（五分，蜜炙） 白前（一钱五分） 橘红（一钱） 百部（一钱五分） 紫菀（一钱五分）
用水煎服。若是风寒初起，加防风、荆芥、紫苏子。
半夏（姜汁炒，三钱） 茯苓（三钱） 甘草（蜜炙，一钱） 生姜（三片）
用水煎服。
咽痛有表证和里证、寒证和热证的区别，不可不加以辨别。风寒在表兼见咽痛的，这是风火聚于肺所致，宜用甘桔汤，加荆芥、防风、薄荷、牛蒡子之类以疏散邪气。少阴病里证兼见咽痛的，因为足少阴肾经的经脉，循行经过喉咙，挟持舌根，所以应当分辨寒热来治疗。凡是传经而来的少阴病，口燥舌干而疼痛的，属于热证，以甘桔汤为主方，严重时加黄连、玄参、牛蒡子等药。凡是咽痛，以牛蒡子为主药。直中少阴的，因肾气虚寒，逼迫无根失守之火浮游于上，以致咽痛，必定兼见下利清谷、手足厥冷等症状，只需温补中焦，疼痛自然停止，用姜附汤加桔梗为主方。同样是少阴病咽痛，寒证和热证的差别相隔千里，不可不仔细考察。又有阴毒、阳毒引起的咽痛，治疗方法参照少阴病证。更有发汗过多，导致汗多亡阳，内损津液，而成咽痛的，宜用人参、[缺字]、当归、白术，调补元气，收敛汗液，疼痛自然消除。凡是咽痛，通用甘桔汤，在表的，加解表散邪药；在里的，分别寒热加入温热或清凉之剂。张仲景制定的法度精粹，学习者应当深入思考。
甘桔汤 （见前文少阴证部分）。
伤寒吐血，是热邪逼迫血液上行所致。然而有表证和里证的不同，如应当发汗却未发汗，致使邪气蕴结于经络而吐血的，用麻黄汤发散邪气，后人用加味参苏饮代替，这种方法非常稳妥。如果邪气入里，酝酿成热，以致吐血的，宜用犀角地黄汤清热凉血。如果大便闭结，热邪上攻的，用地黄四物汤加大黄攻下，釜底抽薪，则火势顿时平息，锅中的水也就没有沸腾的危险了。切忌使用寻常的滋补药物，姑息养奸，使邪气留恋不去，反而变成败症。更有以热助热而动伤阴血的，详细辨析在后面。
Flos Platycodon (Qianfenwu, 1.5 qian) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Wenfen, 0.5 qian, honey-fried), Caulis Petasitae (Qianfenwu, 1.5 qian), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Qian, 1 qian), Radix Stemonae (Qianfenwu, 1.5 qian), Flos Asteris Tatarici (Qianfenwu, 1.5 qian).
Decoct in water and take orally. If the onset is due to initial wind-cold, add Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Fructus Schizonepetae (Jingjie), and Semen Perillae (Zisuzi).
Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum (Sanqian, 3 qian, stir-fried with ginger juice), Poria (Sanqian, 3 qian), Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Qian, 1 qian, honey-fried), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Pian, 3 slices).
Decoct in water and take orally.
Sore throat presents distinctions between exterior and interior, cold and heat syndromes, which must not be overlooked. When wind-cold resides in the exterior accompanied by sore throat, this indicates wind-fire accumulating in the Lung; Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) should be used, added with Herba Schizonepetae (Jingsai), Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Folium Menthae (Bohe), and Fructus Arctii (Niubangzi) to disperse the pathogen. For Shaoyin interior syndrome accompanied by sore throat, since the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian passes through the throat and surrounds the root of the tongue, treatment must differentiate between cold and heat. In transmitted Shaoyin disease, if there is dry mouth and tongue with pain, it is a heat syndrome; Ganjie Tang is the primary formula, adding Radix Coptidis (Huanglian), Radix Scrophulariae (Yuanshen), and Fructus Arctii (Niubangzi) for severe cases. Generally, Fructus Arctii (Niubangzi) is the principal herb for sore throat. In direct invasion of Shaoyin, due to deficiency-cold of Kidney Qi forcing the rootless fire to float upwards, causing sore throat, symptoms such as diarrhea with undigested food and cold extremities will necessarily accompany it; warming the middle Jiao will stop the pain naturally. Jiangfu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) added with Flos Platycodon is the primary formula. Although both are Shaoyin sore throats, the difference between cold and heat syndromes is vast, requiring careful examination. There are also sore throats caused by Yin-toxin and Yang-toxin, treated similarly to Shaoyin syndromes. Furthermore, excessive sweating leading to loss of Yang fluids and internal damage to body fluids, resulting in sore throat, should be treated with Radix Ginseng (Renshen), [missing character], Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui), and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu) to tonify Yuan Qi, consolidate sweat, and relieve pain. Generally, Ganjie Tang is used for all sore throats; for exterior patterns, add dispersing herbs; for interior patterns, add warming or cooling agents according to cold or heat differentiation. Zhang Zhongjing's legislative principles are exquisite; students should reflect deeply upon them.
Ganjie Tang (See previous Shaoyin syndrome section).
Hematemesis in Shanghan (Cold Damage) is caused by heat forcing blood to ascend. However, there are differences between exterior and interior patterns. If sweating was indicated but neglected, causing pathogens to accumulate in the meridians and result in hematemesis, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) should be used to disperse the pathogen. Later physicians replaced it with Jiawei Renshen Suye Yin (Modified Ginseng and Perilla Drink), a method that is very stable. If pathogens enter the interior and ferment into heat, causing hematemesis, Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) should be used to clear heat and cool blood. If constipation occurs with heat attacking upwards, Shengdi Siwu Tang (Rehmannia Four Substances Decoction) added with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) should be used to purge downwards. By removing the firewood from under the cauldron, the fire subsides instantly, preventing the water in the pot from boiling violently. Common tonic medicines must be strictly avoided; indulging them allows pathogens to linger, potentially turning the condition into a fatal case. Additionally, using heat to treat heat may disturb Yin blood; detailed differentiation follows later.