阳明病，应遍身有汗，谓之热越。今头汗出，身无汗，是热不得外越，且渴而引饮，小便不利，必致
停水，热与湿瘀从土而化，外薄肌肉，谓之湿热发黄也，或其人素有寒湿，为表邪遏郁，或已成黄，又经
发汗，传入太阴，从阴而化，谓之湿寒发黄也。阳明属阳，故其色明亮；太阴属阴，故其色晦暗。太阳蓄
血，亦有发黄证，多与狂病并生，当从蓄血治也。阳证表实无汗发黄者，宜麻黄连翘赤小豆汤汗之。里实不
便者，宜茵陈蒿汤下之。无表里证热盛者，宜栀子柏皮汤清之。阴证发黄者，宜茵陈四逆汤温之。若大便溏
，小便秘发黄者，宜茵陈五苓散利之。环口黧黑出冷汗者，阴黄死证也。身体枯燥如烟熏者，阳黄死证也。
伤寒发斑疹痧，皆因汗下失宜，外邪覆郁，内热泛出而成。惟时气传染，感而即出，亦由疫之为病烈而速
也。发于卫分则为痧，卫主气，故色白。发于营分则为斑疹，营主血，故色红。肤浅者为疹，深重者为斑
。斑形如豆，甚者连属成片。斑疹之色红者轻，赤者重，黑者死。若其色淡红而稀暗者，皆因邪在三阳，已
成斑疹，及入里，邪从阴化，或过服冷药所致，是为阴斑、阴疹、阴痧当从阴寒主治也。如温斑出未透，宜发
表者，宜防风松肌败毒汤主之。斑已透，里热重者，宜加味清毒化斑汤
主之。如痧疹初起表热轻者，宜荆防透疹汤主之。重者，宜防风松肌败毒汤主之。里热太重者，宜清营解毒
汤主之。
阳明病，本应全身出汗，这称为热邪向外发散。现在只有头部出汗，身体无汗，说明热邪不能向外发散，加上口渴想喝水，小便不通畅，必然导致水湿停聚，热邪与湿邪瘀结，随脾胃（土）之气而转化，外溢于肌肉之间，这就叫做湿热发黄；或者患者平素就有寒湿，被表邪郁遏，或者已经出现黄疸，又经过发汗治疗，病邪传入太阴经，随阴气而转化，这就叫做湿寒发黄。阳明经属于阳，所以其面色明亮；太阴经属于阴，所以其面色晦暗。太阳经蓄血证，也有发黄的病症，多与神志狂乱的症状同时发生，应当从蓄血证来治疗。阳证兼表实无汗而发黄的，适宜用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤发汗治疗。里实便秘的，适宜用茵陈蒿汤泻下治疗。没有表证和里实证、但热势亢盛的，适宜用栀子柏皮汤清热治疗。阴证发黄的，适宜用茵陈四逆汤温阳治疗。如果大便溏泄，小便不利而发黄的，适宜用茵陈五苓散利湿治疗。口唇周围发黑并出冷汗的，是阴黄死证。身体干枯粗糙像烟熏一样的，是阳黄死证。
伤寒病出现发斑、发疹、发痧，都是因为发汗或攻下治疗不当，外邪郁闭在内，内热泛发出来而形成的。只有时行疫病传染，感邪后立即发出，也是因为疫毒致病猛烈且迅速。发在卫分的就是痧，卫分主气，所以颜色偏白。发在营分的就是斑和疹，营分主血，所以颜色偏红。部位浅表的叫疹，部位深重的叫斑。斑的形状像豆子，严重的连成一片。斑疹颜色红的病情轻，颜色紫赤的病情重，颜色黑的为死证。如果颜色淡红且稀疏晦暗的，都是因为邪气在三阳经，已经形成斑疹，又入里，邪气随阴气转化，或者过服寒凉药物所致，这叫做阴斑、阴疹、阴痧，应当从阴寒证来主治。如温病斑出未透，需要发表解肌的，适宜用防风松肌败毒汤主治。斑已透出，里热重的，适宜用加味清毒化斑汤主治。如痧疹初起，表热轻的，适宜用荆防透疹汤主治。病情重的，适宜用防风松肌败毒汤主治。里热太重的，适宜用清营解毒汤主治。
Yangming disease should present with sweating over the whole body, which is called "heat venting" (Re Yue). Currently, there is only sweating on the head and no sweating on the body, indicating that heat cannot vent outward. Additionally, due to thirst with a desire to drink and difficult urination, water retention is inevitable. Heat and dampness stagnate and transform according to the Earth element (Spleen/Stomach), affecting the muscles externally; this is called "damp-heat jaundice" (Shi Re Huang). Alternatively, if the patient has had chronic cold-dampness, it may be constrained by exterior pathogens, or if jaundice has already formed and is treated with diaphoresis, the pathogen may transmit to the Taiyin channel and transform according to Yin; this is called "cold-damp jaundice" (Shi Han Huang). Yangming belongs to Yang, so its complexion is bright; Taiyin belongs to Yin, so its complexion is dull. Blood stasis in the Taiyang channel can also cause jaundice, often occurring alongside manic disorders, and should be treated as blood stasis. For Yang syndrome with exterior excess and anhidrosis causing jaundice, Mahlian Liaoqiao Chixiaodou Decoction (Mahuang, Forsythia, and Red Bean Decoction) should be used to induce sweating. For interior excess with constipation, Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba Decoction) should be used to purge. For cases without exterior or interior signs but with intense heat, Zhizi Bopi Tang (Gardeniae Cortex Phellodendri Decoction) should be used to clear heat. For Yin syndrome jaundice, Yinchen Sini Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Aconite Decoction) should be used to warm. If there is loose stool, difficult urination, and jaundice, Yinchen Wuling San (Artemisiae Scopariae and Five-Ingredient Poria Powder) should be used to promote urination. Blackening of the lips around the mouth accompanied by cold sweat indicates a fatal Yin jaundice case. A dry, rough body resembling smoke staining indicates a fatal Yang jaundice case.
Macules, papules, and sand-rash in Shanghan (Cold Damage) all result from improper use of diaphoresis or purgation, where exterior pathogens are constrained internally and internal heat erupts. In epidemic diseases, symptoms appear immediately upon infection due to the fierce and rapid nature of the epidemic toxin. Eruptions in the Wei (Defensive) level manifest as sand-rash; since Wei governs Qi, the color is white. Eruptions in the Ying (Nutritive) level manifest as macules and papules; since Ying governs Blood, the color is red. Those superficially located are papules (Zhen); those deeply seated are macules (Ban). Macules resemble beans, and severe cases merge into patches. Red macules/papules indicate mild conditions; purple-red indicates severe conditions; black indicates death. If the color is pale red, sparse, and dull, it is because the pathogen was in the Three Yang channels, macules/papules had already formed, then entered the interior and transformed according to Yin, or resulted from excessive intake of cold medicines. This is termed Yin macule, Yin papule, or Yin sand-rash, and should be treated according to Yin-cold principles. If warm disease macules have not fully erupted and require exterior release, Fangfeng Songji Baidu Tang (Saposhnikovia, Muscle-Loosening, and Toxin-Resolving Decoction) should be used. Once macules have erupted and interior heat is heavy, Jiawei Qingdu Huaban Tang (Modified Clear-Toxin and Macule-Transforming Decoction) should be used. For early-stage sand-rash with light exterior heat, Jingfang Touzhen Tang (Schizonepeta, Saposhnikovia, and Papule-Releasing Decoction) should be used. For severe cases, Fangfeng Songji Baidu Tang should be used. For extremely heavy interior heat, Qingying Jiedu Tang (Clear-Nutritive and Resolve-Toxin Decoction) should be used.