太阳病下之后，脉促胸满者，桂枝去芍药汤主之。若微恶寒者，去芍药方中加附子汤主之。少阴病始得之
，反发热，脉沉者，麻黄附子细辛汤主之。少阴病得之二三日，麻黄附子甘草汤，微发汗以二三日无里证，故
微发汗也。少阴病脉细沉
数，病为在里，不可发汗。
按以上诸证，或太阳表寒未解而里寒将作，或少阴里寒内起而表寒外束，故以表里俱寒证统之。
桂枝去芍药汤
桂枝（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 生姜（三钱） 大枣（四枚） 水煎服。按下后脉
促，表邪未解，而益以胸满，则阳衰胃逆，浊气冲塞，故用桂枝、生姜以驱表里之寒，用大枣、甘草以补脾
精也。
桂枝去芍药加附子汤
桂枝（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 生姜（三钱） 大枣（四枚） 附子（一钱） 水
煎服。按微恶寒者，不止脾阳之虚，而肾阳以败，故加附子之辛温以驱里寒也。
麻黄附子细辛汤
麻黄（二钱） 细辛（二钱） 附子（一钱炮） 水煎麻黄去沫，入诸药同煎，温服
。按寒邪已传肾脏，而犹带表寒，内有少阴，则宜温里；外有太阳，则宜发表；故用麻黄散太阳之外寒，附子
温少阴之内寒，细辛降阴邪之冲逆也。
麻黄附子甘草汤
麻黄（二钱） 附子（一钱） 甘草（二钱炙） 水煎麻黄去沫，纳诸药同煎，温服
。按此方用麻黄发太阳之表，用附子甘草温癸水而培己土也。
太阳病经过误用泻下法治疗后，出现脉搏急促、胸部胀满的症状，应当使用桂枝去芍药汤来主治。如果伴有轻微的恶寒症状，应当在桂枝去芍药汤的基础上加入附子，即使用桂枝去芍药加附子汤来主治。
少阴病在刚发病时，反而出现发热，且脉象沉细，应当使用麻黄附子细辛汤来主治。少阴病发展至二三日，若没有里证的表现，可以使用麻黄附子甘草汤，通过轻微发汗的方法来治疗，这是因为病程仅二三日且无里证，所以只需轻微发汗。如果少阴病患者脉象细、沉、数，说明病位在里，此时禁止使用发汗法。
按语：以上这些证候，有的是太阳表寒未解而里寒即将产生，有的是少阴里寒内生而表寒外束，因此统称为“表里俱寒证”。
桂枝去芍药汤
组成：桂枝（三钱）、甘草（二钱）、生姜（三钱）、大枣（四枚）。煎服方法：加水煎煮后服用。
解析：经过泻下治疗后脉搏急促，表明表邪仍未解除，加之胸部胀满，这是阳气衰弱、胃气上逆，导致浊气冲塞所致。因此使用桂枝和生姜来驱散表里之寒，使用大枣和甘草来补益脾胃的精气。
桂枝去芍药加附子汤
组成：桂枝（三钱）、甘草（二钱）、生姜（三钱）、大枣（四枚）、附子（一钱）。煎服方法：加水煎煮后服用。
解析：出现轻微恶寒，说明不仅仅是脾阳虚弱，肾阳也已衰败，因此加入附子的辛温之性来驱散里寒。
麻黄附子细辛汤
组成：麻黄（二钱）、细辛（二钱）、附子（一钱，炮制）。煎服方法：先煎麻黄并去除浮沫，再加入其他药物共同煎煮，温服。
解析：寒邪已经传入肾脏，但仍带有表寒。内有少阴寒盛，适宜温补里阳；外有太阳表寒，适宜发散表邪。因此使用麻黄疏散太阳经的外寒，使用附子温补少阴经的内寒，使用细辛平降阴邪的冲逆之气。
麻黄附子甘草汤
组成：麻黄（二钱）、附子（一钱）、甘草（二钱，炙制）。煎服方法：先煎麻黄并去除浮沫，再加入其他药物共同煎煮，温服。
解析：此方使用麻黄发散太阳经的表邪，使用附子和甘草温补肾水（癸水）并培补脾土（己土）。
Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel) after being treated with purgatives, presenting with a rapid pulse and chest fullness, should be primarily treated with Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction without Paeonia). If accompanied by slight aversion to cold, the Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction without Paeonia plus Aconite) should be used.
Shaoyin disease (disease of the Shaoyin channel) at its onset, presenting with fever and a deep pulse, should be primarily treated with Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction). For Shaoyin disease persisting for two or three days, if there are no interior syndrome manifestations, Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction) may be used to induce mild sweating, as the condition is limited to two or three days without interior involvement, thus requiring only mild diaphoresis. If the Shaoyin disease presents with a fine, deep, and rapid pulse, the pathology is located in the interior, and diaphoresis is contraindicated.
Commentary: The above syndromes either involve unresolved exterior cold from Taiyang with impending interior cold, or interior cold arising from Shaoyin constrained by exterior cold. Therefore, they are collectively categorized as "Exterior and Interior Cold Syndrome."
Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction without Paeonia)
Ingredients: Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 qian), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces). Preparation: Decoct in water and take warm.
Analysis: Following purgation, a rapid pulse indicates that exterior pathogens remain unresolved. The addition of chest fullness suggests declining Yang qi and rebellious Stomach qi, causing turbid qi to obstruct. Therefore, Guizhi and Shengjiang are used to dispel cold from both the exterior and interior, while Dazao and Gancao are used to tonify Spleen and Stomach essence.
Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction without Paeonia plus Aconite)
Ingredients: Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 qian), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 1 qian). Preparation: Decoct in water and take.
Analysis: Slight aversion to cold indicates not only deficiency of Spleen Yang but also failure of Kidney Yang. Therefore, Fuzi is added for its acrid-warm nature to dispel interior cold.
Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction)
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 2 qian), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 1 qian, processed). Preparation: Decoct Mahuang first, remove foam, then add other herbs and decoct together; take warm.
Analysis: When cold pathogens have transmitted to the Kidney but exterior cold persists, interior warming is indicated for the Shaoyin involvement, and exterior releasing is indicated for the Taiyang involvement. Thus, Mahuang is used to scatter exterior cold from Taiyang, Fuzi to warm interior cold from Shaoyin, and Xixin to descend the rebellious Yin pathogenic factors.
Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction)
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 2 qian), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 1 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian, honey-fried). Preparation: Decoct Mahuang first, remove foam, then add other herbs and decoct together; take warm.
Analysis: This formula uses Mahuang to release the exterior of Taiyang, and Fuzi combined with Gancao to warm the Water element (Kidney) and cultivate the Earth element (Spleen).