服大青龙后，厥逆筋惕肉 ，此为逆也，以真武汤救之。太
阳病发汗，汗出不解，其人仍发热，心下悸，头眩，身 动，振振欲擗地者，真武汤主之。少阴病，二
三日不已，至四五日，腹痛，小便不利，四肢沉重疼痛，自下利者，此为有水气。其人或咳，或小便利
，或不利或呕者，真武汤主之。伤寒医下之，续得下利清谷不止，身疼痛者，急当救里，宜四逆汤。脉浮而
迟，表热里寒，下利清谷者，四逆汤主之。病发热头痛，脉反沉，不瘥，身体疼痛，当温其里，宜四逆汤。
下利腹胀满，身体疼痛者，先温其里，乃攻其表，温里宜四逆汤。自利不渴者，属太阴，以其脏有寒故也。
当温之，宜服四逆辈。少阴病，脉沉者，急温之，宜四逆汤。少阴病，饮食入口即吐，心中温温欲吐，复不能
吐。始得之，手足寒，脉弦迟者，此胸中实，不可下也，当吐之。若膈上有寒饮，干呕者，不可吐也。急温
之，宜四逆汤。大汗，若大下利而厥冷者，四逆汤主之。大汗出，热不去，内拘急，四肢疼，又下利厥逆而恶
寒者，四逆汤主之。呕而脉弱，小便复利，身有微热，见厥者难治，四逆汤主之。发汗，若下之，病仍不解，
烦躁者，茯苓四逆汤主之。下之后，复发汗，昼日烦躁不得眠，夜而安静，不呕不渴，无表证，脉微沉。
身无大热者，干姜附子汤主之。少阴病下利，白通汤主之。少阴病，下利脉微者，与白通汤。利不止，厥逆
无脉，干呕烦者，白通加猪胆汁汤主之。服汤脉暴出者死，微续者生。食谷欲呕者，属阳明也，吴茱萸汤主之。
少阴病，吐利，手足厥冷，烦躁欲死者，吴茱萸汤主之。干呕吐涎沫头痛者，吴茱萸汤主之。少阴病，下利便
脓血，桃花汤主之。少阴病，二三日至四五日，腹痛，小便不利，下利不止，便脓血者，桃花汤主之。
按以上诸证，或汗后亡阳，或呕吐，或腹痛，或泄利，或身体疼痛，或手足厥逆，或烦躁欲死，或脉微
欲绝，或吐涎沫，或便脓血，总属阴邪在里所致，故以里寒证统之。
真武汤
茯苓（三钱） 芍药（三钱） 生姜（三钱） 白术（二钱） 附子
（一钱炮） 水煎服。若嗽者，加五味子一钱，干姜、细辛各五分。时法，去生姜。若小便利者，
去茯苓。若下利，去芍药，加干姜二钱。若呕者，去附子倍加生姜。按真武汤证，皆缘水气之阻隔，
故用苓术泄水而燥土，生姜止呕而降浊，附子温癸水之寒，芍药清乙木之风也。
四逆汤
甘草（二钱） 干姜（一钱五分） 附子（一钱生用） 水一杯半，煎八分服。按四逆汤
证，总属阴寒在里，故用甘草以培其土，干姜以温其中，附子以温其下也。
茯苓四逆汤
茯苓（六钱） 人参（一钱） 附子（一钱） 甘草（二钱） 干姜（一钱五分）
水煎服。按汗下亡阳，阳虚足生烦躁，故用茯苓参甘，泄水而补土；干姜附子，温脾而暖肾也。
干姜附子汤
干姜（三钱） 附子（三钱） 水煎服。按汗下亡阳，阳根已拔，是以烦躁不得眠，
故用干姜温中以回脾胃之阳，附子温下以复肝肾之阳也。
白通汤
葱白（二茎，每茎寸半） 干姜（三钱） 附子（三钱） 水二杯，煎八分，温服。
按下利气虚阳陷，脉绝不出，故用姜附回阳，葱白达郁，阳回气达，则利止而脉出矣。
白通加猪胆汁汤
葱白（二茎） 干姜（三钱） 附子（三钱） 水煎成，入人尿十五茶匙，猪胆
汁七茶匙，令相得温服。按阴盛格阳、姜附不得下达，愈增上热，故加人尿、猪胆清君相之火，而除上热也。
吴茱萸汤
人参（二钱） 吴茱萸（二钱） 生姜（四钱） 大枣（三枚） 水煎服。按吴茱萸证，
总属中气颓败，阳虚已极，故用人参、大枣培土而补中，吴茱萸、生姜温胃而回阳也。
桃花汤
赤石脂（一两六钱） 干姜（一钱） 粳米（四钱） 留赤 石脂（一半），筛末，水四
杯，煎二杯，入赤石脂方寸匕，分两服。若
一服愈，余勿服。按桃花汤证，系水寒土湿，故用粳米补土而泄湿，干姜温中而驱寒，石脂敛肠而
固脱也。
服用大青龙汤后，出现四肢厥冷、筋脉跳动、肌肉瞤动，这是误治导致的逆证，应当用真武汤来救治。太阳病发汗后，汗出而病不解，患者仍然发热，感到心下悸动，头晕目眩，身体动摇不稳，震颤欲倒仆于地者，由真武汤主治。少阴病，经过两三天没有好转，到了四五天，出现腹痛，小便不利，四肢沉重疼痛，自发性腹泻的，这是因为体内有水气停留。其中有的人可能咳嗽，或者小便通畅，或者小便不利，或者呕吐的，均由真武汤主治。伤寒病，医生误用攻下法，随后出现持续不断的完谷不化的腹泻，身体疼痛的，应当紧急救治里证，适宜使用四逆汤。脉象浮而迟，表现为表热里寒，伴有完谷不化腹泻的，由四逆汤主治。患病时发热头痛，脉象反而沉，病未痊愈，身体疼痛的，应当温补里阳，适宜使用四逆汤。腹泻且腹部胀满，身体疼痛的，应当先温补里阳，然后再解表邪，温补里阳适宜使用四逆汤。自发腹泻且不口渴的，属于太阴病，因为脏腑内有寒邪的缘故。应当采用温法治疗，适宜服用四逆汤类方剂。少阴病，脉象沉的，应当紧急温补，适宜使用四逆汤。少阴病，饮食入口即吐，心中感觉温热泛恶想吐，却又吐不出来。刚发病时，手足寒冷，脉象弦迟的，这是胸中有实邪阻滞，不可用攻下法，应当用涌吐法。如果是膈上有寒饮，导致干呕的，不可用涌吐法。应当紧急温补，适宜使用四逆汤。大汗出，或者严重腹泻导致四肢厥冷的，由四逆汤主治。大汗出后，发热不退，内部拘急挛痛，四肢疼痛，又伴有腹泻、四肢厥冷和恶寒的，由四逆汤主治。呕吐且脉象微弱，小便清长，身体有轻微发热，出现四肢厥冷的，属于难治之证，由四逆汤主治。经过发汗或攻下治疗后，病仍未解除，出现烦躁不安的，由茯苓四逆汤主治。先攻下后，再发汗，白天烦躁不能入睡，夜间却安静，不呕吐也不口渴，没有表证，脉象微沉，身体没有大热的，由干姜附子汤主治。少阴病腹泻的，由白通汤主治。少阴病，腹泻且脉象微弱的，给予白通汤。如果腹泻不止，出现四肢厥冷、无脉、干呕、心烦的，由白通加猪胆汁汤主治。服药后脉象突然暴出的，预后不良主死；脉象逐渐微微续接的，预后良好主生。进食后想要呕吐的，属于阳明病，由吴茱萸汤主治。少阴病，出现呕吐腹泻，手足厥冷，烦躁难受欲死的，由吴茱萸汤主治。干呕并吐出涎沫，伴有头痛的，由吴茱萸汤主治。少阴病，腹泻且大便带脓血的，由桃花汤主治。少阴病，从二三天到四五天，出现腹痛，小便不利，腹泻不止，大便带脓血的，由桃花汤主治。
综上所述以上各种证候，或者是发汗后阳气亡失，或者是呕吐，或者是腹痛，或者是泄泻，或者是身体疼痛，或者是手足厥冷，或者是烦躁欲死，或者是脉象微弱欲绝，或者是吐涎沫，或者是便脓血，总归属于阴邪在里所致，因此统称为里寒证。
真武汤
茯苓（三钱） 芍药（三钱） 生姜（三钱） 白术（二钱） 附子（一钱，炮制） 水煎服。如果咳嗽的，加五味子一钱，干姜、细辛各五分。按照时令常规，去掉生姜。如果小便通畅的，去掉茯苓。如果腹泻的，去掉芍药，加干姜二钱。如果呕吐的，去掉附子，加倍增加生姜用量。按：真武汤所治之证，都是因为水气阻隔所致，所以用茯苓、白术利水而燥湿健脾，生姜止呕而降浊，附子温补肾水之寒，芍药清肝木之风。
四逆汤
甘草（二钱） 干姜（一钱五分） 附子（一钱，生用） 水一杯半，煎至八分，服用。按：四逆汤所治之证，总归属于阴寒在里，所以用甘草以培补脾土，干姜以温暖中焦，附子以温补下焦。
茯苓四逆汤
茯苓（六钱） 人参（一钱） 附子（一钱） 甘草（二钱） 干姜（一钱五分） 水煎服。按：发汗攻下导致阳气亡失，阳虚足以产生烦躁，所以用茯苓、人参、甘草，利水而补益脾土；干姜、附子，温暖脾脏而暖肾脏。
干姜附子汤
干姜（三钱） 附子（三钱） 水煎服。按：发汗攻下导致阳气亡失，阳气之根已被拔除，因此出现烦躁不得睡眠，所以用干姜温暖中焦以恢复脾胃之阳，附子温暖下焦以恢复肝肾之阳。
白通汤
葱白（两根，每根一寸半） 干姜（三钱） 附子（三钱） 水两杯，煎至八分，温服。按：腹泻导致气虚阳陷，脉绝不出，所以用干姜、附子回阳救逆，葱白通达郁滞，阳气回复，气机通达，则腹泻停止而脉象复出。
白通加猪胆汁汤
葱白（两根） 干姜（三钱） 附子（三钱） 水煎成后，加入人尿十五茶匙，猪胆汁七茶匙，令其混合均匀温服。按：阴盛格阳，姜、附药力不得下达，反而增加上部的热象，所以加入人尿、猪胆汁以清君火与相火，从而消除上部的热象。
吴茱萸汤
人参（二钱） 吴茱萸（二钱） 生姜（四钱） 大枣（三枚） 水煎服。按：吴茱萸汤所治之证，总归属于中气衰败，阳虚已至极点，所以用人参、大枣培补脾土而补益中气，吴茱萸、生姜温暖胃腑而回阳。
桃花汤
赤石脂（一两六钱） 干姜（一钱） 粳米（四钱） 保留一半赤石脂，研筛成粉末，水四杯，煎至二杯，加入赤石脂粉末一方寸匕，分两次服用。如果一次服用后痊愈，剩下的不要服用。按：桃花汤所治之证，系水寒土湿所致，所以用粳米补益脾土而渗湿，干姜温暖中焦而驱散寒邪，赤石脂收敛肠道而固涩脱肛。
After taking Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction), if the patient experiences cold limbs (Jue Ni, reversal of cold), twitching of sinews, and tremors of muscles, this is a pathological reversal caused by improper treatment; it should be rescued with Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction). In Tai Yang disease (Disease of the Tai Yang/Supreme-Yang channel), after inducing sweating, if the sweat does not resolve the condition and the patient still has fever, palpitations in the epigastrium (Xin Xia Ji), dizziness (Tou Xuan), body trembling and instability, feeling as if they are about to fall to the ground, Zhen Wu Tang is the primary prescription. In Shao Yin disease (Disease of the Shao Yin/Lesser-Yin channel), if the condition persists for two or three days and worsens by the fourth or fifth day, presenting with abdominal pain, difficult urination, heaviness and pain in the four limbs, and spontaneous diarrhea, this indicates the presence of fluid retention (Shui Qi). Among these patients, some may have cough, clear urination, difficult urination, or vomiting; in all such cases, Zhen Wu Tang is indicated.
In Shang Han (Cold Damage) disease, if the physician incorrectly uses purgatives, leading to continuous diarrhea with undigested food (Xia Li Qing Gu) and body pain, urgent treatment of the interior is required, preferably using Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction). If the pulse is floating and slow, indicating exterior heat and interior cold, accompanied by diarrhea with undigested food, Si Ni Tang is indicated. If the disease presents with fever, headache, but the pulse is unexpectedly deep, and the condition does not improve despite body pain, warming the interior is necessary, preferably using Si Ni Tang. If there is diarrhea with abdominal fullness and body pain, one must first warm the interior before attacking the exterior; warming the interior is best done with Si Ni Tang. Spontaneous diarrhea without thirst belongs to Tai Yin disease due to cold in the zang organs; warming therapy is appropriate, preferably using formulas from the Si Ni Tang category. In Shao Yin disease, if the pulse is deep, urgent warming is required, preferably using Si Ni Tang. In Shao Yin disease, if food is vomited immediately upon entering the mouth, and the heart feels warm with an urge to vomit but cannot, and at onset the hands and feet are cold with a string-tight and slow pulse, this indicates excess in the chest; purgation is contraindicated, and emesis should be used. However, if there is cold-fluid in the diaphragm causing dry retching, emesis is contraindicated; urgent warming is required, preferably using Si Ni Tang. After severe sweating or severe purgation leading to cold limbs, Si Ni Tang is indicated. After severe sweating, if fever persists, internal cramping occurs, limb pain exists, along with diarrhea, cold limbs, and aversion to cold, Si Ni Tang is indicated. If vomiting occurs with a weak pulse, clear urination, slight body heat, and cold limbs, the prognosis is difficult, but Si Ni Tang is still indicated. If after sweating or purgation the disease remains unresolved and irritability (Fan Zao) appears, Fu Ling Si Ni Tang (Poria and Four Reversal Decoction) is indicated. If purgation is followed by sweating, resulting in daytime irritability preventing sleep but quiet at night, without vomiting, thirst, or exterior signs, and with a faint, deep pulse and no significant heat, Gan Jiang Fu Zi Tang (Dried Ginger and Aconite Decoction) is indicated. For Shao Yin disease with diarrhea, Bai Tong Tang (White Passage Decoction) is indicated. For Shao Yin disease with diarrhea and a faint pulse, Bai Tong Tang is administered. If diarrhea continues, leading to cold limbs, absent pulse, dry retching, and irritability, Bai Tong Jia Zhu Dan Ye Tang (White Passage Decoction plus Pig Bile) is indicated. If the pulse suddenly emerges after taking the medicine, death ensues; if the pulse gradually returns, life is preserved. If eating leads to an urge to vomit, it belongs to Yang Ming disease, treated with Wu Zhu Yu Tang (Evodia Decoction). In Shao Yin disease, if there is vomiting and diarrhea, cold limbs, and extreme irritability making the patient wish to die, Wu Zhu Yu Tang is indicated. If there is dry retching with salivary discharge and headache, Wu Zhu Yu Tang is indicated. In Shao Yin disease, if there is diarrhea with pus and blood in the stool, Tao Hua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction) is indicated. In Shao Yin disease, from the second or third day to the fourth or fifth day, if abdominal pain, difficult urination, continuous diarrhea, and pus/blood in stool occur, Tao Hua Tang is indicated.
Regarding the above syndromes, whether caused by loss of Yang after sweating, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, body pain, cold limbs, extreme irritability, faint/almost imperceptible pulse, salivary discharge, or bloody/purulent stool, they all belong to pathogenic Yin in the interior; thus, they are collectively categorized as Interior Cold Syndromes.
Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction)
Fuling (Poria, 3 qian), Shaoyao (Peony Root, 3 qian), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 2 qian), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root, 1 qian, processed). Decoct in water and take orally. If coughing, add Wubeizi (Schisandra Fruit, 1 qian), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 0.5 fen), and Xixin (Asarum Root, 0.5 fen). According to seasonal rules, remove Shengjiang. If urination is clear/profuse, remove Fuling. If diarrhea, remove Shaoyao and add Ganjiang (2 qian). If vomiting, remove Fuzi and double the amount of Shengjiang. Analysis: The syndromes treated by Zhen Wu Tang are caused by obstruction of fluid retention. Therefore, Fuling and Baizhu are used to drain water and dry dampness to strengthen the Spleen; Shengjiang stops vomiting and descends turbidity; Fuzi warms the cold of Kidney Water (Gui Shui); and Shaoyao clears wind from Liver Wood (Yi Mu).
Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction)
Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 qian), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 1.5 qian), Fuzi (Raw Aconite Lateral Root, 1 qian, raw use). Decoct in 1.5 cups of water until 0.8 cup remains, then take orally. Analysis: The syndromes treated by Si Ni Tang generally involve interior Yin-cold. Therefore, Gancao is used to support Earth (Spleen/Stomach), Ganjiang to warm the Middle Jiao, and Fuzi to warm the Lower Jiao.
Fu Ling Si Ni Tang (Poria and Four Reversal Decoction)
Fuling (Poria, 6 qian), Renshen (Ginseng Root, 1 qian), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root, 1 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 qian), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 1.5 qian). Decoct in water and take orally. Analysis: Loss of Yang due to sweating and purgation leads to Yang deficiency and irritability. Therefore, Fuling, Renshen, and Gancao are used to drain water and tonify Earth; Ganjiang and Fuzi warm the Spleen and nourish the Kidney.
Gan Jiang Fu Zi Tang (Dried Ginger and Aconite Decoction)
Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 3 qian), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root, 3 qian). Decoct in water and take orally. Analysis: Loss of Yang due to sweating and purgation uproots the root of Yang, causing irritability and insomnia. Therefore, Ganjiang warms the Middle to restore Spleen and Stomach Yang, and Fuzi warms the Lower to restore Liver and Kidney Yang.
Bai Tong Tang (White Passage Decoction)
Congbai (Scallion White, 2 stalks, each 1.5 cun), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 3 qian), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root, 3 qian). Decoct in 2 cups of water until 0.8 cup remains, take warm. Analysis: Diarrhea causes Qi deficiency and sinking of Yang, leading to absent pulse. Therefore, Jiang and Fu are used to return Yang, and Congbai unblocks depression. When Yang returns and Qi moves freely, diarrhea stops and the pulse reappears.
Bai Tong Jia Zhu Dan Ye Tang (White Passage Decoction plus Pig Bile)
Congbai (Scallion White, 2 stalks), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 3 qian), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root, 3 qian). Decoct in water, then add Ren Niao (Human Urine, 15 teaspoons) and Zhu Dan Zhi (Pig Gallbladder Bile, 7 teaspoons), mix well, and take warm. Analysis: In conditions of extreme Yin repelling Yang, Jiang and Fu cannot reach the lower burner, potentially increasing upper heat. Therefore, Ren Niao and Zhu Dan Zhi are added to clear the Ministerial Fire and eliminate upper heat.
Wu Zhu Yu Tang (Evodia Decoction)
Renshen (Ginseng Root, 2 qian), Wu Zhuyu (Evodia Fruit, 2 qian), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger, 4 qian), Dazao (Jujube, 3 pieces). Decoct in water and take orally. Analysis: The syndromes treated by Wu Zhu Yu Tang generally involve collapse of Middle Qi and extreme Yang deficiency. Therefore, Renshen and Dazao are used to tonify Earth and support the Middle; Wu Zhuyu and Shengjiang warm the Stomach and return Yang.
Tao Hua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction)
Chishizhi (Red Kaolin, 1 liang 6 qian), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 1 qian), Jingmi (Rice Grain, 4 qian). Reserve half of the Chishizhi, sieve into powder. Decoct Jingmi in 4 cups of water until 2 cups remain. Add one Fang Cun Bi (square-inch spoonful) of Chishizhi powder, divide into two doses. If cured after one dose, do not take the remainder. Analysis: The syndromes treated by Tao Hua Tang involve cold-water and damp-earth. Therefore, Jingmi tonifies Earth and drains dampness, Ganjiang warms the Middle and dispels cold, and Chishizhi astringes the intestines and secures against prolapse/diarrhea.