一二日后。或初起。症见目痛眉骨痛。鼻干不眠者。此阳明表症也。（邪在经）升麻葛根汤主
之。
升麻葛根汤
升麻（臣） 葛根（君） 赤芍（佐） 甘草（使）
上加生姜三片。大枣二枚。如见口渴烦躁。脉洪实者。去赤芍。合白虎汤。加柴胡一钱。酒
炒黄芩去瓤连翘各钱许。胸膈胀闷者。配姜制浓朴酒炒黄连各一钱。小便不利。或短涩。或便时
觉热与痛。脉洪弦者。合益元散或导赤散。
益无散
滑石（六倍） 甘草（一倍）
上甚者每服三钱。轻者每服二钱。
导赤散
生地（君） 黄芩（佐） 木通（佐） 甘草（臣）
上一方用黄连（使） （一方无黄连有淡竹叶。）
一二日后。或三四日内。耳聋胁痛呕吐。或寒热往来。脉弦长者。少阳症也。小柴胡汤和解
之。
小柴胡汤
柴胡（君） 黄芩（佐） 人参（君） 半夏（臣） 甘草（臣） 生姜（引）
大枣（引）
脉不虚者去人参。（此方之妙。全在参甘两味。养汗以开玄府。犹之参苏饮之人参。助肺气
以托邪。桂枝汤之甘芍。和营血以发卫。补中益气之参 。助升提以散表。均与补虚之义无涉。
若谓脉不虚者去人参。则此方之人参。似为补虚而用矣。每见粗工遇病。不辨内伤外感。阴阳表里。
辄曰小柴胡汤。及至处方。尽乘成法。不过用得方中柴胡黄芩半夏几味耳。其于仲景和解之本旨
。不几隔靴搔痒乎。西塘此法。盖为火盛不宜火浮不宜者而立。殊属精细。然彼离法任意。妄自
加减。而失制方本意者。反得执是以绳矣。故核论之。少阳主三阳之枢。邪入其经。汗吐下三法。
皆在禁例。然则邪何以祛之。必转其枢机。俾此经之邪。从阴来还之于阴。从阳来还之于阳。以分
溃也。然转枢机必赖中气健运。中气健运。其资于人参甘草乎。）见口干或舌燥者。去半夏加花
粉。（半夏燥而花粉则润矣。此两味却加减得甚妙。）膈胀者配朴连。烦渴者合白虎。心胸满闷者合
小陷胸汤。（俗医一见心胸满闷。便呼为结胸。便与桔梗汤。有频频与之反成真结胸者。殊不知结胸乃因下早而成。未
经
下者
非结胸也。乃表邪传至胸中。未入于腑。症虽满闷。尚为在表。正属少阳部分。半表半里之间。宜
用小柴胡汤对枳壳桔梗。如未效则以本方对小陷胸汤。一服豁然。其效如神。桔梗汤固谬。犹有
开提之义。吾见世之治此症者。动用重降里药。不一而足。意谓满闷必破之坠之则宽。殊不知胸
膈主天之分。清气所居。散邪必宣之升之。乃因势利导之旨。今之医者。昧此多矣。）
发病一两天后，或者在疾病初起时，症状表现为眼睛疼痛、眉骨疼痛、鼻部干燥且无法入睡，这是阳明经表证。（病邪在经络）用升麻葛根汤主治。
升麻葛根汤
升麻（臣药） 葛根（君药） 赤芍（佐药） 甘草（使药）
上方加生姜三片，大枣二枚。如果出现口渴、烦躁、脉象洪大实有力的情况，去掉赤芍，合用白虎汤，再加柴胡一钱，酒炒黄芩去瓤、连翘各约一钱。如果胸膈部胀闷不适，配伍姜制厚朴、酒炒黄连各一钱。如果小便不利，或者短少涩滞，或者排尿时感觉热痛，脉象洪大弦紧的，合用益元散或导赤散。
益元散
滑石（用量为甘草的六倍） 甘草（用量为一倍）
病情严重的每次服用三钱，轻症每次服用二钱。
导赤散
生地（君药） 黄芩（佐药） 木通（佐药） 甘草（臣药）
以上一方使用黄连（使药）（另一版本无黄连，有淡竹叶）。
发病一两天后，或者三四天内，出现耳聋、胁肋疼痛、呕吐，或者寒热往来交替，脉象弦长的，这是少阳病。用小柴胡汤来和解治疗。
小柴胡汤
柴胡（君药） 黄芩（佐药） 人参（君药） 半夏（臣药） 甘草（臣药） 生姜（引经药）
大枣（引经药）
脉象不虚实的去掉人参。（这个方子的妙处，全在于人参和甘草这两味药，通过滋养汗源来开启玄府，就像参苏饮中的人参，辅助肺气以托举驱邪；桂枝汤中的甘草和白芍，调和营血以发散卫气；补中益气汤中的人参，辅助升提之气以解散表邪，这些都与补虚的意义无关。如果说脉不虚就去掉人参，那么这个方子中的人参似乎就是为了补虚而使用的了。我常见到粗疏的医生遇到病人，不辨别内伤还是外感，阴证还是阳证，表证还是里证，就随口说用小柴胡汤。等到开处方时，完全套用成法，不过是用方中的柴胡、黄芩、半夏这几味药罢了。这与张仲景和解的本意，岂不是隔靴搔痒吗？西塘提出的这种方法，大概是针对火气旺盛、不宜用火法，以及不宜浮散的情况而设立的，确实非常精细。然而有些人脱离法则随意加减，反而失去了制方的本意，却自以为掌握了准则。所以详细论述一下：少阳主司三阳经的枢纽，病邪进入其经络，汗法、吐法、下法都在禁忌之列。那么如何祛除病邪呢？必须转动其枢机，使得这条经络的病邪，从阴来的还归于阴，从阳来的还归于阳，从而分散溃解。然而转动枢机必须依赖中气的健运，中气健运，依靠的是人参和甘草。）见到口干或舌燥的，去掉半夏加天花粉。（半夏性燥而天花粉则润，这两味的加减运用得非常巧妙。）胸膈胀满的配伍厚朴、黄连。心烦口渴的合用白虎汤。心胸满闷的合用小陷胸汤。（世俗医生一见心胸满闷，就称之为结胸，就给桔梗汤，有的频繁使用反而变成真正的结胸。殊不知结胸是因为过早使用下法造成的，未经过下法的不是结胸。这是表邪传至胸中，未入于腑，症状虽然满闷，尚且在表，正属于少阳部分，在半表半里之间，宜用小柴胡汤配合枳壳、桔梗。如果无效，则以本方配合小陷胸汤，服一次后豁然开朗，效果如神。桔梗汤固然错误，但还有开提的意义。我看见世上治疗这种病症的医生，动不动就用重镇降里的药物，不止一种。心里认为满闷一定要攻破、坠下才能宽舒，殊不知胸膈主宰天之分野，是清气所在的地方，疏散邪气必须宣发、升提，这才是因势利导的宗旨。现在的医生，不明白这个道理的很多。）
One or two days after onset, or at the very beginning of the illness, symptoms such as eye pain, pain in the brow bone, dry nose, and insomnia appear. This is a Yangming exterior syndrome (a disease pattern caused by pathogenic factors affecting the Yangming meridians). Shengma Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Kudzu Root Decoction) is the primary prescription.
Shengma Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root and Cimicifuga Decoction)
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) [Minister herb] Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) [Sovereign herb] Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) [Assistant herb] Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [Guide herb]
Add three slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Fresh Ginger) and two dates (Dazao, Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) to the above ingredients. If thirst, irritability, and a surging, full pulse are observed, remove Chishao and combine with Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction), adding one qian of Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), one qian each of Jiuhuangqin (Scutellariae Radix processed with wine, removed from pith), and Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus). If there is distension and stuffiness in the chest and diaphragm, combine with Jiangzhimu (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex processed with ginger) and Jiuhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma processed with wine), one qian each. If urination is difficult, scanty and obstructed, or accompanied by heat and pain during urination, with a surging and wiry pulse, combine with Yiyuan San (Yi Yuan Powder) or Daochi San (Guide Out Redness Powder).
Yiyuan San (Yi Yuan Powder)
Huashi (Talcum) [Six times the amount] Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [One time the amount]
For severe cases, take three qian per dose; for mild cases, take two qian per dose.
Daochi San (Guide Out Redness Powder)
Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Prepared Rehmannia Root) [Sovereign herb] Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) [Assistant herb] Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) [Assistant herb] Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [Minister herb]
In the aforementioned formula, use Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) [Guide herb]. (Another version does not contain Huanglian but includes Danzhuyexie, Liriopes Folium.)
One or two days after onset, or within three to four days, symptoms such as deafness, hypochondriac pain, vomiting, alternating chills and fever, and a wiry and long pulse indicate Shaoyang syndrome (a disease pattern affecting the Shaoyang meridians). Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is used to harmonize and treat it.
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) [Sovereign herb] Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) [Assistant herb] Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) [Sovereign herb] Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, Processed Pinellia Tuber) [Minister herb] Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [Minister herb] Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Fresh Ginger) [Guiding herb]
Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, Jujube) [Guiding herb]
If the pulse is not deficient, remove Renshen. (The brilliance of this formula lies entirely in the combination of Renshen and Gancao. They nourish the source of sweat to open the Xuanfu (pores/mystic gates), similar to how Renshen in Shen Su Yin assists Lung Qi to expel pathogens; how Gancao and Baishao in Guizhi Tang harmonize Ying and Blood to release Wei Qi; and how Renshen in Buzhong Yiqi Tang assists ascending and lifting energy to disperse exterior pathogens. None of these involve the concept of tonifying deficiency. If one argues that Renshen should be removed when the pulse is not deficient, then the Renshen in this formula seems intended solely for tonifying deficiency. I often see incompetent physicians who, upon encountering a patient, fail to distinguish between internal injury and external contraction, Yin and Yang, exterior and interior, yet casually prescribe Xiaochaihu Tang. When writing the prescription, they merely follow conventional methods, using only Chaihu, Huangqin, and Banxia from the formula. This is far from Zhang Zhongjing's original intent of harmonization, akin to scratching an itch from outside a boot. The method proposed by Xitang was established specifically for cases with excessive fire where fire-moxibustion is contraindicated and floating/superficial treatments are unsuitable, demonstrating considerable precision. However, some deviate from principles and arbitrarily modify the formula, losing its original intent, yet claim to adhere to standards. Therefore, let us examine: Shaoyang governs the pivot of the Three Yang meridians. Once pathogens enter its meridian, sweating, vomiting, and purging methods are all prohibited. So how are pathogens expelled? One must rotate the pivot mechanism so that pathogens entering from Yin return to Yin, and those entering from Yang return to Yang, thereby dispersing and resolving them. Rotating the pivot relies on the robust transportation of Middle Qi. Robust Middle Qi depends on Renshen and Gancao.) If dry mouth or dry tongue is observed, remove Banxia and add Huafen (Trichosanthis Radix). (Banxia is drying, while Huafen is moistening; their addition and removal are applied exquisitely well.) For chest and diaphragm distension, combine with Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). For irritability and thirst, combine with Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction). For fullness and stuffiness in the chest and heart, combine with Xiao Xianxiong Tang (Minor Sinking Chest Decoction). (Vulgar physicians, upon seeing fullness and stuffiness in the chest and heart, immediately diagnose it as Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) and administer Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction). Frequent administration may even transform it into true Jie Xiong. They do not realize that Jie Xiong results from premature purgation. Without prior purgation, it is not Jie Xiong. It is exterior pathogens transmitted to the chest, not yet entering the Fu organs. Although there is fullness and stuffiness, it remains in the exterior, belonging to the Shaoyang region, between the exterior and interior. One should use Xiaochaihu Tang combined with Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix). If ineffective, combine the base formula with Xiao Xianxiong Tang. A single dose brings sudden relief, with miraculous efficacy. Jiegeng Tang is indeed erroneous, though it retains some opening and lifting properties. I have seen physicians treating this condition frequently employing heavy descending and interior-penetrating herbs, believing that fullness must be broken and dragged down to provide relief. They fail to understand that the chest and diaphragm govern the upper portion of the body, the residence of Clear Qi. To scatter pathogens, one must promote dispersion and ascent, following the principle of guiding according to the trend. Many modern physicians lack this understanding.)