吴茱萸一升 人参三两 生姜六两 大枣十二枚
右四味，以水五升，煮取三升，温服七合，日三服。
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呕而肠鸣，心下痞者，半夏泻心汤主之。
【注】
呕而肠鸣，肠虚而寒也。呕而心下痞，胃实而热也，并见之，乃下寒上热，肠虚胃实
之病也，故主之半夏泻心汤，用参、草、大枣以补正虚，半夏以降客逆，干姜以胜中
寒，芩、连以泻结热也。
【集注】
程林曰：呕而肠鸣心下痞者，此邪热乘虚而客于心下，故用芩、连泄热除痞，干姜、
半夏散逆止呕。「内经」曰：脾胃虚则肠鸣。又曰：中气不足，肠为之苦鸣。人参、
大枣、甘草，用以补中而和肠胃。
半夏（洗）半升 黄芩 干姜 人参各三两 黄连一两 大枣十二枚 甘草（炙）三
两
右七味，以水一斗，煮取六升，去滓，再煮取三升，温服一升，日三服。
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干呕吐逆，吐涎沫，半夏干姜散主之。
【注】
有声有物谓之呕，有声无物谓之哕，即干呕也。今有声无物而吐涎沫，故曰干呕。吐
逆，吐涎沫也。干呕吐酸苦，胃中热也；干呕吐涎沫，胃中寒也，主之半夏干姜散，
温中止呕也。
半夏 干姜等分
右二味，杵为散，取方寸匕，浆水一升半，煎取七合，顿服之。
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干呕，吐涎沫，头痛者，茱萸汤主之。
【注】
干呕吐涎沬者，以半夏干姜散，温中止呕也。若更头痛，此属寒气盛而逆之甚也，故
用吴茱萸汤，温寒下气，大折冲逆之势也。
【集注】
徐彬曰：上焦有寒，其口多涎，上焦既有寒邪，格阳在上，故主头痛，用吴茱萸温补
以驱浊阴也。
李□曰：太阴、少阴经，从足至胸，俱不上头，二经并无头痛证。厥阴经上出额，与
督脉会于巅，故干呕吐涎沫者，里寒也，头痛者，寒气从经脉上攻也。不用桂、附，
用吴茱萸者，以其入厥阴经故耳！余皆温补散寒之药。
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干呕而利者，黄芩加半夏生姜汤主之。
【注】
干呕者，胃气逆也，若下利清彻，乃肠中寒也。今下利浊粘，是肠中热也，故用黄芩
汤以治其利，合半夏生姜汤，以治干呕也。
【集注】
程林曰：中焦不和，则气逆于上而作呕，迫于下而为利，故用半夏、生姜，入上焦而
止呕；甘草、大枣，入中焦而和脾；黄芩、芍药，入下焦而止利。如是则正气安而邪
气去，三焦和而呕利止矣。
魏荔彤：此呕为热逆之呕，利为挟热之利。
吴茱萸一升，人参三两，生姜六两，大枣十二枚。
以上四味药，用水五升，煎煮至剩余三升，每次温服七合，每日服用三次。
@@@
呕吐且肠鸣，心下（胃脘部）痞塞的病症，以半夏泻心汤为主治方剂。
【注释】
呕吐且肠鸣，是肠道虚寒所致；呕吐且心下痞塞，是胃中实热所致。两者同时出现，属于下寒上热、肠虚胃实的病证，因此主治用半夏泻心汤。方中用人参、甘草、大枣来补益正气之虚，用半夏来降逆止呕，用干姜来驱散中焦之寒，用黄芩、黄连来清泻结聚之热。
【集注】
程林说：呕吐且肠鸣、心下痞塞，这是邪热乘虚客居于心下，所以用黄芩、黄连泄热除痞，用干姜、半夏散逆止呕。《内经》说：脾胃虚弱则肠鸣。又说：中气不足，肠道就会痛苦地鸣响。人参、大枣、甘草，用来补益中气并调和肠胃。
半夏（洗净）半升，黄芩、干姜、人参各三两，黄连一两，大枣十二枚，甘草（炙）三两。
以上七味药，用水一斗，煎煮至剩余六升，滤去药渣，再煎煮至剩余三升，每次温服一升，每日服用三次。
@@@
干呕，吐出涎沫，以半夏干姜散为主治方剂。
【注释】
有声音且有物吐出称为“呕”，有声音无物吐出称为“哕”，即干呕。现在有声音无物吐出而伴有涎沫，所以称为干呕。吐逆，指吐出涎沫。干呕吐出酸苦之物，是胃中有热；干呕吐出涎沫，是胃中有寒，因此主治用半夏干姜散，以温中止呕。
半夏、干姜等分。
以上两味药，捣碎成散剂，取一方寸匕的药量，加入浆水一升半，煎煮至剩余七合，一次性服下。
@@@
干呕，吐出涎沫，伴有头痛的，以茱萸汤为主治方剂。
【注释】
干呕并吐出涎沫，应用半夏干姜散，以温中止呕。如果再加上头痛，这属于寒气盛极而上逆严重，因此使用吴茱萸汤，以温散寒邪、降逆气，强力遏制冲逆之势。
【集注】
徐彬说：上焦有寒，人口中多涎，上焦既然有寒邪，格拒阳气于上，所以导致头痛，使用吴茱萸温补以驱除浊阴之气。
李□说：太阴经、少阴经，从足部上行至胸部，都不上达头部，这两条经脉都没有头痛的证候。厥阴经向上出于额部，与督脉会合于头顶，所以干呕吐出涎沫，是里寒的表现；头痛，是寒气沿着经脉上攻所致。不使用桂枝、附子，而使用吴茱萸，是因为吴茱萸入厥阴经的缘故！其余都是温补散寒的药物。
@@@
干呕且伴有腹泻的，以黄芩加半夏生姜汤为主治方剂。
【注释】
干呕，是胃气上逆所致。如果大便清稀如水，是肠中寒所致。现在大便浑浊粘稠，是肠中热所致，因此用黄芩汤来治疗腹泻，配合半夏生姜汤，来治疗干呕。
【集注】
程林说：中焦不和，则气机上逆于上而作呕，迫于下而为腹泻，所以用半夏、生姜，入上焦而止呕；甘草、大枣，入中焦而和脾；黄芩、芍药，入下焦而止利。这样正气安固而邪气去除，三焦调和而呕吐和腹泻停止。
魏荔彤：此处的呕吐为热逆之呕，腹泻为挟热之利。
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) one sheng, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) three liang, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) six liang, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) twelve pieces.
The above four ingredients are decocted with five sheng of water until three sheng remain. Take seven ge of the warm decoction orally, three times a day.
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For vomiting accompanied by borborygmus and epigastric fullness (Xin Xia Pi), Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium) is the primary formula.
[Annotation]
Vomiting accompanied by borborygmus indicates deficiency-cold in the intestines; vomiting accompanied by epigastric fullness indicates excess-heat in the stomach. When these occur together, it is a disease pattern of lower cold and upper heat, intestinal deficiency and gastric excess. Therefore, Banxia Xiexin Tang is used. It employs Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) to tonify righteous qi deficiency; Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) to descend rebellious qi and stop vomiting; Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) to overcome middle jiao cold; Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) to drain accumulated heat.
[Collected Annotations]
Cheng Lin stated: Vomiting with borborygmus and epigastric fullness occurs when pathogenic heat takes advantage of deficiency to lodge in the epigastrium. Thus, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) are used to drain heat and relieve fullness, while Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) scatter rebellion and stop vomiting. The *Neijing* states: Spleen and stomach deficiency leads to borborygmus. It also states: Deficiency of middle qi causes painful borborygmus. Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) are used to tonify the middle and harmonize the spleen and intestines.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (washed) half sheng, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) each three liang, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) one liang, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) twelve pieces, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted) three liang.
The above seven ingredients are decocted with one dou of water until six sheng remain. Strain the dregs, then decoct again until three sheng remain. Take one sheng of the warm decoction orally, three times a day.
@@@
For dry retching (gan ou) and spitting out saliva/phlegm, Banxia Jiangsan (Pinellia and Ginger Powder) is the primary formula.
[Annotation]
Retching with expulsion of matter is called "ou" (vomiting); retching without expulsion of matter is called "yue," which is dry retching. Here, there is sound but no matter expelled, only saliva/phlegm, hence it is termed dry retching. "Tu ni" refers to expelling saliva/phlegm. Dry retching with sour or bitter fluid indicates heat in the stomach; dry retching with saliva/phlegm indicates cold in the stomach. Therefore, Banxia Jiangsan is used to warm the middle and stop vomiting.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) in equal parts.
The above two ingredients are pounded into a powder. Take one fang cun bi (a square-inch measure) of the powder, add one and a half sheng of jiangshui (fermented grain water), and decoct until seven ge remain. Administer in a single dose.
@@@
For dry retching, spitting out saliva/phlegm, accompanied by headache, Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) is the primary formula.
[Annotation]
Dry retching with spitting out saliva/phlegm should be treated with Banxia Jiangsan to warm the middle and stop vomiting. If headache is added, this indicates severe upward reversal due to abundant cold pathogen. Therefore, Wuzhuyu Tang is used to warm cold and direct qi downward, strongly suppressing the force of counterflow qi.
[Collected Annotations]
Xu Bin stated: Cold in the upper jiao causes excessive salivation. Since cold pathogen exists in the upper jiao, it repels yang qi upward, causing headache. Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) is used for warming and tonifying to drive away turbid yin.
Li [Name Redacted] stated: The Taiyin and Shaoyin meridians ascend from the feet to the chest but do not reach the head; thus, these two meridians do not present with headache. The Jueyin meridian ascends to the forehead and meets the Du vessel at the vertex. Therefore, dry retching with spitting out saliva/phlegm indicates interior cold, while headache indicates cold pathogen attacking upward along the meridians. Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) are not used; instead, Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) is used because it enters the Jueyin meridian. The remaining herbs are all warming, tonifying, and cold-dispelling agents.
@@@
For dry retching accompanied by diarrhea, Huangqin Jia Banxia Shengjiang Tang (Scutellaria Decoction plus Pinellia and Fresh Ginger Decoction) is the primary formula.
[Annotation]
Dry retching indicates rebellious stomach qi. If the diarrhea is clear and watery, it indicates cold in the intestines. However, if the diarrhea is turbid and sticky, it indicates heat in the intestines. Therefore, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) is used to treat the diarrhea, combined with Banxia Shengjiang Tang (Pinellia and Fresh Ginger Decoction) to treat the dry retching.
[Collected Annotations]
Cheng Lin stated: Disharmony in the middle jiao causes qi to rebel upward leading to vomiting, and pressure downward leading to diarrhea. Thus, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) enter the upper jiao to stop vomiting; Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) enter the middle jiao to harmonize the spleen; Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) enter the lower jiao to stop diarrhea. In this way, righteous qi is secured and pathogenic qi eliminated, the three jiao are harmonized, and vomiting and diarrhea cease.
Wei Litong: This vomiting is due to rebellious heat, and the diarrhea is diarrhea complicated by heat.