于越婢汤中加术四两
甘草二两 麻黄四两
右二味，以水五升，先煮麻黄，去上沫，内甘草，煮取三升，温服一升，重覆汗出，
不汗再服，慎风寒。
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厥而皮水者，蒲灰散主之。
【按】
「厥而」二字，当是衍文。
【注】
水在皮肤，浸淫日久，必然腐溃而出水也，当以蒲灰散敷之，以燥水也。
（见消渴中）
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水之为病，其脉沉小，属少阴。浮者为风，无水虚胀者为气水，发其汗即已。脉沉者
，宜麻黄附子汤，浮者，宜杏子汤。
【按】
为气水之「气」字，当是「风」字，若是「气」字，则无发汗之理，且通篇并无气水
之病。
【注】
水之为病，其脉沉小，属少阴水也，今脉不沉小而浮，浮者为风，非少阴水也。若无
水虚胀者，为风水也，风水发其汗即已。风水脉沉者，宜麻黄附子汤汗之，脉浮者，
宜杏子汤汗之。
麻黄三两 甘草二两 附子（炮）一枚
右三味，以水七升，先煮麻黄，去上沫，内诸药，煮取二升半，温服八合，日三服。
【集解】
沈明宗曰：麻黄附子汤，今人置之不讲，余特举而明之。麻黄、附子通阳开窍，治水
妙剂，今人惟用肾气汤、丸壅补其内，致阳气不宣，转补转壅，邪无出路，水肿日增
，欬血而死者，不知凡几矣。
在越婢汤中加入白术四两。
甘草二两，麻黄四两。
以上两味药，用水五升，先煮麻黄，去掉水面上的浮沫，再加入甘草，煮取三升药液，每次温服一升，服药后覆盖衣被以促使出汗，若未出汗则再次服用，注意避免风寒侵袭。
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四肢厥冷且伴有皮水（皮肤水肿）的患者，用蒲灰散主治。
【按语】
“厥而”二字，应当是衍文（多余的文字）。
【注释】
水湿停留在皮肤之间，浸淫日久，必然导致腐烂溃破并流出液体，应当用蒲灰散外敷，以燥湿利水。
（见于消渴病章节中）
@@@
水气病的脉象沉小，属于少阴病。脉浮的属于风邪所致，没有水湿但出现虚胀的是气水，发汗即可治愈。脉沉的，适宜用麻黄附子汤；脉浮的，适宜用杏子汤。
【按语】
关于气水中的“气”字，应当是“风”字。如果是“气”字，就没有发汗的道理，而且全篇并没有“气水”这种病症。
【注释】
水气病，其脉象沉小，属于少阴水气病。现在脉象不沉小而浮，脉浮代表风邪，不是少阴水气病。如果没有水湿但出现虚胀的，这是风水病，发汗即可治愈。风水病脉象沉的，适宜用麻黄附子汤发汗治疗；脉象浮的，适宜用杏子汤发汗治疗。
麻黄三两，甘草二两，附子（炮制）一枚。
以上三味药，用水七升，先煮麻黄，去掉水面上的浮沫，再加入其他药物，煮取二升半药液，每次温服八合，每日服用三次。
【集解】
沈明宗说：麻黄附子汤，现在的人不再加以研讨，我特意提出并阐明它。麻黄和附子能通阳开窍，是治疗水气的妙方。现在的人只使用肾气汤、丸剂来壅补体内，导致阳气不能宣通，越是补益越是壅滞，邪气没有出路，水肿日益加重，咳嗽出血而死的人，不知有多少了。
Add four liang of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) to the Yuebi Decoction.
Two liang of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草), four liang of Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄).
These two ingredients are decocted in five sheng of water. First, boil Mahuang, remove the foam on the surface, then add Gancao, and decoct until three sheng remain. Take one sheng warm. Cover with blankets to induce sweating. If sweat does not occur, administer again. Avoid wind and cold.
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For patients presenting with cold extremities (Jue, 厥) and Pi Shui (Pi Water, skin edema), Puhui San (Puhui Powder) is the primary treatment.
[Commentary]
The characters "Jue er" (cold extremities and) are likely interpolations (erroneous additions).
[Annotation]
When water-dampness remains in the skin for a long time, it inevitably causes rotting, ulceration, and oozing fluid. It should be treated by applying Puhui San externally to dry the dampness.
(See in the chapter on Xiao Ke / Wasting and Thirst)
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In diseases of water-dampness, if the pulse is deep and small, it belongs to Shaoyin (Lesser Yin). If the pulse is floating, it is due to Wind. If there is no water but false distension occurs, it is Qi Water; inducing sweating will cure it. For those with a deep pulse, Mahuang Fuzi Tang (Ephedra and Prepared Aconite Decoction) is appropriate; for those with a floating pulse, Xingzi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction) is appropriate.
[Commentary]
The character "Qi" (Air/Energy) in "Qi Water" should be "Feng" (Wind). If it were "Qi," there would be no rationale for inducing sweating, and furthermore, the entire text contains no mention of a disease called "Qi Water."
[Annotation]
In water-dampness diseases, a deep and small pulse indicates Shaoyin Water-Dampness. However, if the pulse is not deep and small but floating, the floating pulse indicates Wind, not Shaoyin Water-Dampness. If there is no water but false distension occurs, it is Feng Shui (Wind Water); inducing sweating will cure it. For Feng Shui with a deep pulse, Mahuang Fuzi Tang should be used to induce sweating; for a floating pulse, Xingzi Tang should be used to induce sweating.
Three liang of Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), two liang of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草), one prepared root of Aconiti Lateralis Radix (Fuzi, 附子).
These three ingredients are decocted in seven sheng of water. First, boil Mahuang, remove the foam on the surface, then add the other herbs, and decoct until two and a half sheng remain. Take eight ge warm, three times a day.
[Collected Explanations]
Shen Mingzong said: Mahuang Fuzi Tang is currently neglected and not discussed by practitioners. I specifically bring it up to clarify its use. Mahuang and Fuzi unblock Yang and open orifices; they are excellent remedies for treating water-dampness. Currently, people only use Shenqi Tang (Kidney Qi Decoction) and pills to tonify internally, causing Yang Qi to become stagnant. The more they tonify, the more stagnation occurs, leaving the pathogenic factors without an exit. Edema increases daily, leading to death from coughing blood, a number too great to count.