《病源论》云∶三焦盛为有余，则胀，气满于皮肤内，轻轻然而不牢。或小便涩，或大
便难
或胸
《千金方》云∶三焦病者，腹胀气满，小腹尤坚，不得小便。窘急，溢则为水，留则为
腹胀
又云∶治上焦虚寒，短气不续，语声不出，黄 理中汤方∶
黄 （二两） 桂心（二两） 丹参（四两） 桔梗（三两） 干姜（三两） 五味子
（三两） 茯苓（
十味，切，以水九升，煮取三升，分三服。
又云∶治上焦实热，腹满而不欲食，或食先吐而后下，肘后胁挛痛，麦门冬理中汤方∶
生麦门冬（一升） 生姜（四两） 甘草（二两） 人参（三两） 茯苓（二两） 橘
皮（三两） 竹茹（一升） 生芦根（切，一升） KT 心（五合） 廪米（一升） 白
术（一两） 葳蕤（三两）十二味，切，水一斗五升煮取三升，分三服。
又云∶治中焦实热闭塞，上下不通，隔绝关格（关，闭也；格，相拒也），上吐不下，
腹彭彭
蜀大黄（三两，切，水一升，五合别渍） 黄芩（三两） 泽泻（三两） 升麻（三两）
羚羊角（
九味，以水七升，煮八物，取二升三合，下大黄，更煎数沸，绞去黄滓，下芒硝，分三
服。
又云∶治中焦虚寒，洞泄下利，或因霍乱后泻黄白无度，腹中虚痛，黄连煎方∶
金色黄连（四两） 黄柏（三两） 当归（三两） 浓朴（三两） 干姜（三两） 酸
石榴皮（四具）
八味，以水九升，煮七物取一升，去滓，下阿胶，更煎取烊，分三服。
又云∶治下焦虚寒损，或先便转后见血，此为远血。或利下，或不利，好因劳冷而发，
续断
续断（三两） 当归（三两） 干姜（四两） 甘草（一两） 干地黄（四两） 桂心
（三两）六味，切，以水九升煮八物，取三升五合，去滓，下阿胶，更烊，取胶烊尽，下蒲
黄，分三
又云∶治下焦热，大小便利不通，紫胡通塞汤方∶
紫胡（三两） 黄芩（三两） 橘皮（三两） 泽泻（三两） 栀子仁（四两） 石膏
（六两，碎） 羚
两）
十味，以水一斗，煮九物取三升，去滓，下芒硝，分三服。
《诸病源候论》说：三焦邪气盛实表现为有余证，则出现胀满，气充满于皮肤之内，感觉轻浮而不坚实。或者小便涩滞不畅，或者大便困难，或者胸部……（原文此处有缺漏）
《千金方》说：三焦病的症状是腹部胀满，小腹尤其坚硬，无法排尿。感到窘迫急迫，水液外溢则形成水肿，停留体内则导致腹胀。
又说：治疗上焦虚寒证，表现为呼吸短促、气息接续不上、声音低微或不出声，使用黄耆理中汤方：
黄耆（二两） 桂心（二两） 丹参（四两） 桔梗（三两） 干姜（三两） 五味子（三两） 茯苓（十味药，切碎，用水九升，煎煮至剩余三升，分三次服用。）
又说：治疗上焦实热证，表现为腹部胀满且不想进食，或者进食后先呕吐而后腹泻，肘部及胁肋部拘挛疼痛，使用麦门冬理中汤方：
生麦门冬（一升） 生姜（四两） 甘草（二两） 人参（三两） 茯苓（二两） 橘皮（三两） 竹茹（一升） 生芦根（切碎，一升） 小麦心（五合） 廪米（一升） 白术（一两） 葳蕤（三两）。十二味药，切碎，用水一斗五升，煎煮至剩余三升，分三次服用。
又说：治疗中焦实热闭塞证，上下不通，呈现关格之象（“关”指关闭，“格”指相互抗拒），表现为上吐下闭，腹部膨隆作响，使用蜀大黄方：
蜀大黄（三两，切碎，用一升水和五合酒分别浸泡） 黄芩（三两） 泽泻（三两） 升麻（三两） 羚羊角（九味药，用水七升，先煎煮前八味药，取汁二升三合，再加入大黄，继续煎煮数沸，绞去药渣，加入芒硝，分三次服用。）
又说：治疗中焦虚寒证，表现为完谷不化的泄泻，或因霍乱之后腹泻不止，大便呈黄白色无度，腹部虚痛，使用黄连煎方：
金色黄连（四两） 黄柏（三两） 当归（三两） 浓朴（三两） 干姜（三两） 酸石榴皮（四个）。八味药，用水九升，煎煮前七味药取汁一升，去渣，加入阿胶，再煎至熔化，分三次服用。
又说：治疗下焦虚寒损伤证，或者先排便后见血，这称为远血。或者伴有痢疾，或者不伴有痢疾，多因劳累受冷而发作，使用续断方：
续断（三两） 当归（三两） 干姜（四两） 甘草（一两） 干地黄（四两） 桂心（三两）。六味药，切碎，用水九升煎煮（注：原文此处数字有误，列出了六味但称煮八物，依文意处理），取汁三升五合，去渣，加入阿胶，再煎至完全熔化，加入蒲黄，分三次服用。
又说：治疗下焦热证，大小便不通利，使用紫胡通塞汤方：
紫胡（三两） 黄芩（三两） 橘皮（三两） 泽泻（三两） 栀子仁（四两） 石膏（六两，捣碎） 羚羊角（十味药，用水一斗，煎煮前九味药取汁三升，去渣，加入芒硝，分三次服用。）
The *Treatise on the Pathogenesis of Various Diseases* (Bingyuan Lun) states: When the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is in a state of excess due to pathogenic abundance, distension occurs; Qi fills the interior of the skin, feeling light and floating but not firm. There may be obstructed and difficult urination, or difficult defecation, or chest... [text missing].
The *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* (Qianjin Fang) states: The symptoms of Sanjiao disease include abdominal distension and fullness, with the lower abdomen being particularly hard, and an inability to urinate. The patient feels distressed and urgent; if fluids overflow, edema forms; if they remain stagnant, abdominal distension results.
It further states: To treat deficiency-cold of the Upper Jiao, characterized by shortness of breath, inability to sustain speech, and hoarseness or aphonia, use Huangqi Lizhong Tang (Astragalus Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Huangqi (Radix Astragali, 2 liang), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi, 2 liang), Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, 4 liang), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis, 3 liang), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis, 3 liang), Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae, 3 liang), Fuling (Poria, [quantity missing]). Ten ingredients are sliced, decocted in 9 sheng of water until 3 sheng remains, and divided into three doses.
It further states: To treat excess-heat of the Upper Jiao, characterized by abdominal fullness, anorexia, vomiting followed by diarrhea after eating, and spasmodic pain in the elbow and hypochondrium, use Maidong Lizhong Tang (Ophiopogon Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Sheng Maidong (Herba Ophiopogonis, 1 sheng), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, 4 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 liang), Renshen (Radix Ginseng, 3 liang), Fuling (Poria, 2 liang), Juapi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, 3 liang), Zhuru (Succus Bambusae in Taenia, 1 sheng), Sheng Lugeng (Rhizoma Phragmitis, 1 sheng), Xiaomai Xin (Corpus Tritici, 5 he), Linmi (Oryza Sativa, 1 sheng), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 1 liang), Weirui (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, 3 liang). Twelve ingredients are sliced, decocted in 15 sheng of water until 3 sheng remains, and divided into three doses.
It further states: To treat obstruction of excess-heat in the Middle Jiao, where upper and lower passages are blocked, presenting as Guan-Ge syndrome ("Guan" means closure, "Ge" means rejection), characterized by vomiting without defecation and a distended, noisy abdomen, use Shu Dahuang Formula:
Shu Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, 3 liang, sliced, soaked separately in 1 sheng of water and 5 he of wine), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 3 liang), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis, 3 liang), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, 3 liang), Lingyangjiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, [quantity missing]). Nine ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water; the first eight are boiled to obtain 2 sheng 3 he, then Dahuang is added and boiled for a few more boils. The liquid is strained to remove dregs, Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) is added, and it is divided into three doses.
It further states: To treat deficiency-cold of the Middle Jiao, characterized by watery diarrhea with undigested food, or persistent yellowish-white diarrhea following cholera-like illness, and empty pain in the abdomen, use Huanglian Jian (Coptis Decoction):
Jinse Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 4 liang), Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri, 3 liang), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, 3 liang), Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, 3 liang), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis, 3 liang), Suan Shiliuti (Pericarpium Granati, 4 pieces). Eight ingredients are decocted in 9 sheng of water; the first seven are boiled to obtain 1 sheng, filtered, then Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) is added and melted. It is divided into three doses.
It further states: To treat damage from deficiency-cold of the Lower Jiao, manifesting as hematochezia occurring after defecation (known as distant blood), or dysentery with or without tenesmus, often triggered by fatigue and cold exposure, use Xuduan Formula:
Xuduan (Radix Dipsaci, 3 liang), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, 3 liang), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis, 4 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 liang), Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, 4 liang), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi, 3 liang). Six ingredients are sliced, decocted in 9 sheng of water (note: text mentions boiling eight items), obtaining 3 sheng 5 he, filtered, then Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) is added and melted completely. Puhuang (Pollinis Typhae) is added, and it is divided into three doses.
It further states: To treat heat in the Lower Jiao, characterized by obstruction of both urination and defecation, use Zihu Tongse Tang (Peucedanum Unblocking Decoction):
Zihu (Radix Peucedani, 3 liang), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 3 liang), Juapi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, 3 liang), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis, 3 liang), Zhizi Ren (Semen Gardeniae, 4 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 6 liang, crushed), Lingyangjiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, [quantity missing]). Ten ingredients are decocted in 10 sheng of water; the first nine are boiled to obtain 3 sheng, filtered, then Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) is added, and it is divided into three doses.