（《局方》）
治时气瘟疫，风寒两感，头痛发热，恶寒无汗，咳嗽鼻塞声重（感冒四时不正之气，谓
之时气；天灾流行，沿门阖境传染相似，谓之瘟疫。头痛发热，恶寒无汗，邪在表也；咳嗽、
鼻塞
麻黄 葛根 升麻 川芎 白芷 紫苏 甘草 陈皮 香附 赤芍药，等分。加姜 葱
白煎。
此阳经外感之通剂也。吴鹤皋曰∶古人治风寒，必分六经见证用药，然亦有发热头痛，
恶寒鼻塞，而六经之证不甚显者（昂按∶前证亦阳证之可辨者），亦总以疏表利气之药主之。
是方也，川芎、麻黄、升麻、干葛、白芷、紫苏、陈皮、香附，皆辛香利气之品，故可以解
感冒气塞之证（诸药以散表邪，陈、附以导里气）；而又加芍药，和阴气于发汗之中，加甘
草，和阳气于疏利之队也（吴绶曰∶此汤用升麻、葛根，能解利阳明瘟疫时气，非正伤寒之
药，若太阳伤寒
（海藏）
治内伤冷冻饮料、外感寒邪而无汗者（内伤冷冻饮料，则寒湿停于中。经曰∶其寒饮食入胃则肺
寒，肺寒则内外合邪，是伤寒亦有由内而得者，不特外感风寒而已也。寒能涩血，故无汗；
亦治刚痉太阳纯伤风、伤寒则不发痉，惟先伤风、后伤寒，先伤风、后伤湿，及太阳过汗、
湿家过
有汗
凡阳
苍术（制） 防风（二两） 甘草（一两。炙。）加生姜 葱白煎。如太阳证发热恶寒、
脉浮
妇人加当归。
此足太阳药也。防风辛温升浮，除风胜湿，为太阳主药；苍术甘温辛烈，散寒发汗，辟
恶升阳（能升胃中阳气）；加甘草者，发中有缓（也按∶神术、白术二汤，乃海藏所制，以
代桂枝、麻黄二汤者也。喻嘉言曰∶此海藏得意之方，盖不欲无识者轻以麻黄、桂枝之热伤
人也，昌明
本方除苍术，加白术二两，姜三片，不用葱，名白术汤海藏∶治前证有汗者（二术主治
略
（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）
治疗时行疫病，风寒两感证，症见头痛发热，恶寒无汗，咳嗽鼻塞声重。（所谓“时气”，是指感冒四时不正之气；所谓“瘟疫”，是指天灾流行，沿门阖境传染相似。头痛发热，恶寒无汗，是邪气在表的表现；咳嗽、鼻塞……）
麻黄、葛根、升麻、川芎、白芷、紫苏、甘草、陈皮、香附、赤芍药，各等分。加入生姜、葱白煎服。
这是治疗阳经外感的通用方剂。吴鹤皋说：古人治疗风寒，必定区分六经见证来用药，然而也有出现发热头痛、恶寒鼻塞，而六经证候不明显的情况。（汪昂按语：前文所述证候也是阳证中可以辨别者），也总以疏解表邪、利顺气机的药物为主治。这个方子中，川芎、麻黄、升麻、干葛、白芷、紫苏、陈皮、香附，都是辛香利气的药物，所以可以解除感冒导致的气机壅塞之证（诸药用于疏散表邪，陈皮、香附用于疏导里气）；而又加入芍药，在发汗之中调和阴气，加入甘草，在疏利药队中调和阳气（吴绶说：此汤使用升麻、葛根，能解利阳明瘟疫时气，并非治疗正伤寒的药物，如果是太阳伤寒……）
（出自张元素/海藏）
治疗内伤冷冻饮料、外感寒邪而无汗的情况。（内伤冷冻饮料，则寒湿停滞于中焦。经文说：寒凉饮食入胃则肺寒，肺寒则内外合邪，所以伤寒也有由内而得的，不仅仅是外感风寒而已。寒性能使血液凝涩，所以无汗；）也治疗刚痉、太阳纯伤风证（伤寒则不发痉，只有先伤风、后伤寒，先伤风、后伤湿，以及太阳病过汗、湿家过……）有汗的情况。
凡阳……
苍术（制）、防风（二两）、甘草（一两，炙）。加入生姜、葱白煎服。如出现太阳证发热恶寒、脉浮……
妇人加当归。
这是足太阳膀胱经的主药。防风辛温升浮，祛风胜湿，是太阳经的主药；苍术甘温辛烈，散寒发汗，辟恶升阳（能升发胃中阳气）；加入甘草，是为了在发散中带有缓和之意（按语：神术散、白术汤，乃是海藏所创制，用以替代桂枝汤、麻黄汤的方剂。喻嘉言说：这是海藏的得意之方，大概是不想让无识之人轻易用麻黄、桂枝的热性伤害人体，昌明……）
(From *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*)
Treats seasonal epidemics, simultaneous contraction of wind-cold, presenting with headache and fever, aversion to cold and absence of sweating, coughing, nasal congestion, and heavy voice. ("Seasonal qi" refers to contracting the abnormal qi of the four seasons; "epidemic" refers to disasters spreading through the population, infecting entire households similarly. Headache, fever, aversion to cold, and absence of sweating indicate pathogenic factors at the exterior level; coughing, nasal congestion...)
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Puerariae Radix (Gegen), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi), Perillae Folium (Zisu), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao), in equal proportions. Decoct with slices of fresh ginger (Shengjiang) and white parts of scallion (Congbai).
This is a general formula for external contractions affecting the Yang meridians. Wu Hegao stated: In ancient times, treating wind-cold required distinguishing symptoms according to the Six Meridians (Liu Jing) for medication. However, there are cases where fever, headache, aversion to cold, and nasal congestion occur without distinct manifestations of the Six Meridians patterns. (Wu Ang's note: The aforementioned conditions are also distinguishable as Yang patterns.) In such cases, one generally employs herbs that release the exterior and promote the smooth flow of Qi. In this formula, Chuanxiong, Mahuang, Shengma, Gegen, Baizhi, Zisu, Chenpi, and Xiangxiang are all acrid, aromatic, and Qi-promoting substances; thus, they can resolve the Qi stagnation caused by common colds (the various herbs disperse exterior pathogens, while Chenpi and Xiangfu guide interior Qi); furthermore, Shaoyao is added to harmonize Yin during diaphoresis, and Gancao is added to harmonize Yang within the dispersing and promoting group (Wu Shou stated: This decoction uses Shengma and Gegen to resolve and benefit Yangming epidemic seasonal qi; it is not a herb for true Taiyang Shanghan. If it were Taiyang Shanghan...)
(From Zhang Yuansu / Hai Zang)
Treats internal injury from consuming frozen/cold drinks combined with external contraction of cold pathogen resulting in absence of sweating. (Internal injury from cold drinks causes cold-dampness to stagnate in the Middle Jiao. The Classic states: Cold food entering the stomach causes Lung cold; Lung cold leads to the combination of internal and external pathogens. Thus, Shanghan can also arise from internal causes, not solely from external wind-cold. Cold nature congeals blood, hence the absence of sweating.) It also treats Gang Jing (Stiff Spasm), pure Taiyang Wind Strike patterns (Shanghan does not cause spasm; only when Wind Strike precedes Shanghan, or Wind Strike precedes Dampness, or after excessive sweating in Taiyang disease, or in Dampness patients who have undergone excessive... ) in cases with sweating.
Regarding Yang...
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu, processed), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 2 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 1 liang, honey-fried). Decoct with fresh ginger (Shengjiang) and white parts of scallion (Congbai). If presenting with Taiyang syndrome symptoms of fever, aversion to cold, and floating pulse (Mai Fu)...
Add Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) for women.
This acts on the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Fangfeng is acrid and warm, ascending and floating, dispelling wind and overcoming dampness, serving as the chief herb for the Taiyang meridian; Cangzhu is sweet, warm, and pungent with strong aroma, dispersing cold and inducing sweating, expelling evil and raising Yang (can raise the Yang Qi of the Stomach); Gancao is added to provide moderation within the dispersing action. (Note: Shen Shu San and Bai Zhu Tang were created by Hai Zang to substitute for Guizhi Tang and Mahuang Tang. Yu Jiayan stated: This is Hai Zang's masterpiece, likely intending to prevent unskilled practitioners from harming people with the heat of Mahuang and Guizhi. Changming...)
Removing Cangzhu from this formula and adding two liang of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), three slices of ginger, and omitting scallion, it is named Bai Zhu Tang. Hai Zang: Treats the aforementioned conditions with sweating (The therapeutic actions of the two Atractylodes species are slightly...)