(节庵)
治伤寒后心下不硬,腹中不满,二便如常,身无寒热,渐变神昏不语;或睡中独语,目
赤口干,不饮水,与粥则咽,不与勿思,形如醉人,名越经证(伤寒不硬不满,二便如常,
病不在腑也;神昏睡语,不思食,形如醉人,此邪热传手少阴心,心火上而逼肺也;邪热入
里,故目赤舌干;邪热在阴,故不渴。此证自足而传手经,故曰越经)。
黄连 黄芩 犀角 知母 山栀 滑石 麦冬 人参 甘草 茯神。加灯心、姜、枣煎
此手少阴、太阴、太阳药也。陈来章曰∶热入心经,凉之以黄连、犀角、栀子∶心移热
于小肠,泄之以滑石、甘草、灯心;心热上逼于肺,清之以黄芩、栀子、麦冬;然邪之越经
而传于心者,以心神本不足也,故又加人参、茯神以补之(昂按∶伤寒传邪手足,原无界限,
故仲景亦有泻心数汤;而麻黄、桂枝,先正以为皆肺药也,此汤泻心肺之邪热,从小肠膀胱
出,故亦曰导赤。其与泻心异者,以无痞硬之证也)。
(东垣)
治大头天行,初觉憎寒体重,次传头面肿盛,目不能开,上喘,咽喉不利,口渴舌燥(俗
云∶大头天行,亲戚不相访问,染者多不救。泰和间多有病此者。医以承气加蓝根下之,稍
缓,翌日如故,下之又缓,终莫能愈,渐至危笃。东垣视之曰∶夫身半以上,天之气也,身
半以下,地之气也,此邪热客于心肺之间,上攻头而为肿盛,以承气泻胃中之实热,是为诛
伐无过,病以适至其所为,故遂处此方,全活甚众,遂名普济消毒饮子)。
黄芩(酒炒) 黄连(酒炒,五钱) 陈皮(去白) 甘草(生用) 玄参(二钱) 连
翘板蓝
为末。汤调,时
者,或酒浸,或煨用。
此手太阴、少阴、足少阳、阳明药也。芩连苦寒,泻心肺之热,为君;玄参苦寒,橘红
苦辛,甘草甘寒,泻火补气,为臣;连翘、薄荷、鼠粘辛苦而平,蓝根甘寒,马勃、僵蚕苦
平,散肿消毒定喘,为佐;升麻、柴胡苦平,行少阳阳明二经之阳气不得伸,桔梗辛温,为
舟楫,不令下行,为使也(此解本之东垣,而稍加删润。然《十书》中无此方,见于《准绳》
(节庵)
治疗伤寒之后,心下部位不硬满,腹部没有胀满感,大小便正常,身体没有恶寒或发热的症状,逐渐出现神志昏迷、不能言语;或者在睡眠中独自说话,眼睛发红、口干,但不想喝水,给粥喝则能吞咽,不给也不思念,形体像喝醉的人一样,这种证候称为越经证(伤寒病见心下不硬、腹部不满、二便如常,说明病邪不在六腑;神志昏迷、睡中独语、不思饮食、形体像喝醉的人,这是邪热传入手少阴心经,心火上炎逼迫肺脏所致;邪热入里,所以眼睛发红、舌干;邪热在阴分,所以不口渴。此证从足经传入手经,所以称为“越经”)。
黄连、黄芩、犀角、知母、山栀、滑石、麦冬、人参、甘草、茯神。加入灯心草、生姜、大枣煎服。
这是治疗手少阴心经、手太阴肺经、足太阳膀胱经的药物。陈来章说:热邪进入心经,用黄连、犀角、栀子来凉血清热;心将热邪移于小肠,用滑石、甘草、灯心草来利尿泄热;心热上逼于肺,用黄芩、栀子、麦冬来清肺热;然而邪气越过经脉传变到心脏,是因为心神原本不足,所以又加入人参、茯神来补益心神。(汪昂按语:伤寒传变于手足各经,原本没有严格的界限,所以张仲景也有多个泻心汤方;而麻黄、桂枝,前代医家认为都是作用于肺经的药物,此方清除心肺的邪热,从小肠和膀胱排出,所以也称为导赤汤。它与泻心汤不同的地方在于,没有痞塞硬满的症状。)
(东垣)
治疗大头天行(一种急性传染病,以头面红肿为特征),初起时感觉憎恶寒冷、身体沉重,随后传染至头面部肿胀严重,眼睛无法睁开,向上喘息,咽喉不利,口渴舌燥(民间常说:大头天行,亲戚之间不相往来探视,染病者大多难以救治。泰和年间多有患此病的人。医生用承气汤加板蓝根攻下,病情稍缓解,第二天又恢复原状,再次攻下后依然短暂缓解,最终不能痊愈,逐渐发展到危重程度。李东垣诊察后说:身体上半部,是天之气所主;身体下半部,是地之气所主。此邪热客居于心肺之间,上攻头部导致肿胀严重。如果用承气汤泻除胃中的实热,这是诛伐无过之地(即误伤无辜),疾病就会恰好到达它该去的地方(指病位在上,却治在下),所以于是制定此方,保全了很多人命,因此命名为普济消毒饮子)。
黄芩(酒炒)、黄连(酒炒,五钱)、陈皮(去白)、甘草(生用)、玄参(二钱)、连翘、板蓝根、马勃、牛蒡子(鼠粘子)、僵蚕、薄荷、桔梗、升麻、柴胡。
研为细末。用汤药调服,时时服用;或者用酒浸泡,或者煨熟后使用。
这是治疗手太阴肺经、手少阴心经、足少阳胆经、足阳明胃经的药物。黄芩、黄连苦寒,泻除心肺之热,作为君药;玄参苦寒,橘红(陈皮)苦辛,甘草甘寒,泻火补气,作为臣药;连翘、薄荷、牛蒡子辛苦而平性,板蓝根甘寒,马勃、僵蚕苦平,疏散肿毒、消毒定喘,作为佐药;升麻、柴胡苦平,疏通少阳、阳明二经郁遏不得伸展的阳气,桔梗辛温,作为舟楫之剂,防止药力下行,作为使药。(此解释基于李东垣的原意,并稍加删减润色。然而《十书》中没有此方,见于《医学准绳六要》)
(Jie An)
Treats the condition after Shanghan (Cold Damage), where there is no hardness in the epigastrium, no fullness in the abdomen, normal urination and defecation, and no aversion to cold or fever. The patient gradually develops coma and muteness; or speaks alone during sleep, with red eyes and dry mouth but no desire to drink water. If porridge is offered, they can swallow it; if not offered, they do not think of it. Their appearance resembles that of a drunk person. This syndrome is named Yuejing Syndrome (In Shanghan, if there is no hardness in the epigastrium or fullness in the abdomen, and bowel/bladder functions are normal, the pathogen is not in the Fu organs. Coma, speaking in sleep, lack of appetite, and appearance like drunkenness indicate that pathogenic heat has transmitted to the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, with Heart Fire flaming upward and pressing upon the Lung. Pathogenic heat entering the interior causes red eyes and dry tongue; pathogenic heat in the Yin aspect causes no thirst. Since this syndrome transmits from the Foot meridians to the Hand meridians, it is called "Yuejing" [Crossing over]).
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Xijiao (Rhino-Cornis Cornu - *Note: Substitute with Buffalo Horn/Niujiaoxi in modern practice*), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Huashi (Talcum), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fushen (Poria cum Pinodia). Add Dengxincao (Junci Medulla), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) for decoction.
This prescription acts on the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, and Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Chen Laizhang stated: When heat enters the Heart Meridian, cool it with Huanglian, Xijiao, and Shanzhi; when Heart transfers heat to the Small Intestine, drain it with Huashi, Gancao, and Dengxincao; when Heart heat presses upward on the Lung, clear it with Huangqin, Shanzhi, and Maidong. However, since the pathogen crosses meridians to transmit to the Heart due to original insufficiency of the Heart Spirit, Renshen and Fushen are added to tonify it. (Wang Ang's note: In Shanghan transmission between Hand and Foot meridians, there are originally no strict boundaries, hence Zhang Zhongjing also had several Xiexin Tang formulas. Mahuang and Guizhi were considered by former sages as medicines acting on the Lung. This formula drains pathogenic heat from the Heart and Lung, expelling it via the Small Intestine and Bladder, thus also being called Daochi [Guiding out Redness]. Its difference from Xiexin Tang lies in the absence of piying [stagnant hardness] symptoms.)
(Dong Yuan)
Treats Datou Tianxing (Big Head Epidemic, an acute infectious disease characterized by severe swelling of the head and face). Initially, there is aversion to cold and heaviness of the body, followed by severe swelling of the head and face, inability to open the eyes, upper respiratory distress (wheezing/shortness of breath), throat obstruction, thirst, and dry tongue. (Common saying: In Big Head Epidemic, relatives do not visit each other; those infected often cannot be saved. During the Taihe era, many suffered from this. Physicians used Chengqi Tang plus Lan Gen [Isatidis Radix] to purge, resulting in slight relief, but the next day it returned. Repeated purging provided only temporary relief, and the condition eventually became critical. Dong Yuan examined the patient and said: The upper half of the body is governed by Heavenly Qi; the lower half by Earthly Qi. This pathogenic heat resides between the Heart and Lung, attacking the head causing severe swelling. Using Chengqi Tang to purge excess heat from the Stomach would be punishing the innocent [treating the wrong area], allowing the disease to reach its proper seat [the head]. Therefore, I formulated this prescription, which saved many lives, and named it Puji Xiaodu Yinzi [Universal Benefit Detoxification Decoction]).
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, wine-fried), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-fried, 5 qian), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, raw), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, 2 qian), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Lan Gen (Isatidis Radix), Ma Bo (Toadstone/Moschus-like herb? *Correction: Ma Bo is Meloe/Bombardier beetle or similar, here likely refers to specific anti-inflammatory herb contextually*, actually Ma Bo is usually Toadstone or specific insect, WHO term: Meloides Cartharsi or similar, but commonly translated as Ma Bo), Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus), Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix).
Grind into fine powder. Mix with decoction and take frequently. Alternatively, soak in wine or use after roasting.
This prescription acts on the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Huangqin and Huanglian are bitter and cold, draining Heat from the Heart and Lung, serving as the Sovereign (Jun) herbs; Xuanshen is bitter and cold, Ju Hong (Chenpi) is bitter and acrid, Gancao is sweet and cold, draining fire and tonifying Qi, serving as the Minister (Chen) herbs; Lianqiao, Bo He, and Niu Bang Zi are acrid and bitter with neutral nature, Lan Gen is sweet and cold, Ma Bo and Jiang Can are bitter and neutral, dispersing swelling, detoxifying, and calming wheezing, serving as the Assistant (Zuo) herbs; Sheng Ma and Chai Hu are bitter and neutral, promoting the ascending Yang Qi of the Shaoyang and Yangming meridians which was constrained; Jie Geng is acrid and warm, acting as a boat/oar to prevent downward movement of the drugs, serving as the Guide (Shi) herb. (This explanation is based on Dong Yuan's original intent, slightly edited and polished. However, this formula is not found in the "Ten Books", but appears in "Zhunsheng").