（仲景）
治太阳病桂枝证，医反下之，利遂不止，脉促者，表未解也，喘而汗出者，此汤主之（发
热头痛，恶风自汗，所谓桂枝证也。此邪在表而反下之，虚其肠胃，表邪乘虚入里，遂协热
而利
致，
葛根（半斤） 甘草（炙） 黄芩（二两） 黄连（二两。）先煮葛根，内诸药煎（或
加姜枣）。
此足太阳、阳明药也。表证尚在，医反误下，邪入阳明之腑，其汗外越，气上奔则喘，
下陷则利，故舍桂枝而用葛根，专治阳明之表（葛根能升阳明清气，又为治泻圣药），加芩
连以清里热，甘草以调胃气，不治利而利自止，不治喘而喘自止矣。又太阳表里两解之变法
也。
治伤寒温毒表里俱热，狂叫欲走，烦躁大渴，面赤鼻干，两目如火，身形拘急，而不得
汗；或已经汗下，过经不解，三焦大热，谵狂鼻衄，身目俱黄，六脉洪数；及阳毒发斑（陶
节庵曰
石膏（两半） 黄芩 黄连 黄柏（七钱） 栀子（三十个） 麻黄 淡豉（二合。）
每服一两
此足太阳、手少阳药也。表里之邪俱盛，欲治内则表未除，欲发表则里又急，故以黄芩
泻上
表邪
（《局方》）
治少阴伤寒及外感风寒，内伤生冷，身热无汗，头痛身痛，项背拘急，胸满恶食，呕吐
腹痛，寒热往来；香港脚肿痛；冷秘寒疝；寒疟恶寒无汗；妇人经水不调（上证皆寒湿为病也）。
白芷 陈皮 浓朴（六分） 当归 川芎 芍药 茯苓 桔梗（八分） 苍术 枳壳（七
分）
又法除桂、芷、枳壳、陈皮，余药慢火炒，摊冷，入桂芷同煎，名熟料五积散（用炒者，助
其温散也）。有汗去苍术、麻黄，气虚去枳桔，加人参、白术，腹痛挟气加吴茱萸，胃寒加
煨姜，阴证伤寒、肢冷虚汗加附子
此阴阳表里通用之剂也。麻黄、桂枝所以解表散寒，甘草、芍药所以和里止痛，苍术、
浓朴
梗利
方也。一方统治多病，惟活法者变而通之（本方能散寒积、食积、气积、血积、痰积。王海
藏曰∶
半夏
方，
通之
沉迟
误
便是浮阴，急与五积散一服，通解表里之寒。若内有沉寒，必须姜附温之，若作热治而用凉
药，则渴愈甚而躁愈急，岂得生乎。此取脉不取证也。按∶伤寒有舍证取脉者，又有舍脉取
证者）。
本方合人参败毒散，名五积交加散。治寒湿身体重痛，腰脚酸疼。
（张仲景）
治疗太阳病桂枝证，医生反而使用攻下法，导致腹泻不止，脉象急促的，说明表邪尚未解除；伴有气喘且出汗的，用此汤主治。（发热、头痛、怕风、自汗，这就是所谓的桂枝证。邪气在体表却反而被攻下，导致肠胃虚弱，表邪乘虚进入体内，于是伴随热邪而引发腹泻。）
葛根（半斤）、甘草（炙）、黄芩（二两）、黄连（二两）。先煮葛根，再加入其他药物煎煮（也可以加生姜、大枣）。
这是足太阳经和阳明经的药物。表证依然存在，医生反而误用攻下法，邪气传入阳明腑，汗液外泄，气机上逆则气喘，气机下陷则腹泻，所以舍弃桂枝而用葛根，专门治疗阳明表的病证（葛根能升发阳明清气，又是治疗泄泻的圣药），加上黄芩、黄连以清除里热，甘草以调和胃气，不直接治腹泻而腹泻自然停止，不直接治气喘而气喘自然停止。这也是太阳经表里双解的一种变法。
治疗伤寒温毒导致表里俱热，狂叫欲奔跑，烦躁大渴，面红鼻干，两眼如火烧，身体拘急僵硬且无汗；或者已经经过发汗或攻下，病情超过传经周期仍未解除，三焦大热，胡言乱语发狂，鼻出血，身体和眼睛都发黄，六脉洪大数急；以及阳毒发斑（陶节庵说：石膏（一两半）、黄芩、黄连、黄柏（七钱）、栀子（三十个）、麻黄、淡豆豉（二合）。每服一两。）
这是足太阳经和手少阳经的药物。表和里的邪气都强盛，想治内则表邪未除，想解表则里证又紧急，所以用黄芩清上焦之热，……（原文此处似有缺漏，依文意推测为清里热等），……解表邪。
（《太平惠民和剂局方》）
治疗少阴伤寒及外感风寒，内伤生冷，身体发热无汗，头痛身痛，项背部拘急不舒，胸满厌食，呕吐腹痛，寒热往来；脚气肿痛；冷秘寒疝；寒疟怕冷无汗；妇人月经不调（上述症状都是寒湿致病所致）。
白芷、陈皮、浓朴（六分）、当归、川芎、芍药、茯苓、桔梗（八分）、苍术、枳壳（七分）。
另一种方法：去掉桂枝、白芷、枳壳、陈皮，其余药物用慢火炒制，摊凉后，加入桂枝、白芷同煎，名为熟料五积散（使用炒制的药物，是为了帮助其温散之力）。如果有汗，去掉苍术、麻黄；气虚，去掉枳壳、桔梗，加入人参、白术；腹痛兼有气滞，加入吴茱萸；胃寒，加入煨姜；阴证伤寒、四肢冰冷出虚汗，加入附子。
这是阴阳表里通用的方剂。麻黄、桂枝用来解表散寒，甘草、芍药用来调和里气止痛，苍术、浓朴……桔梗利……方剂。一方统治多种疾病，只有灵活变通的人才能运用它（本方能消散寒积、食积、气积、血积、痰积。王海藏说：半夏……方，……通之……沉迟……误……便是浮阴，急与五积散一服，通解表里之寒。如果内有沉寒，必须用姜、附子温补，如果当作热证治疗而用凉药，那么口渴会更严重，躁动更急切，怎么能活下来呢。这是取脉象而不看症状的方法。按：伤寒有舍证取脉的情况，也有舍脉取证的情况）。
(Zhang Zhongjing)
Treating Taiyang disease (Disease of the Bladder and Small Intestine channels) presenting with Guizhi Tang syndrome (Syndrome characterized by fever, aversion to wind, sweating, and headache), if the physician erroneously applies purgation, resulting in persistent diarrhea, and the pulse is rapid/crisp (Cu Mai), indicating that the exterior pathogen has not yet resolved; accompanied by wheezing and sweating, this decoction should be used. (Fever, headache, aversion to wind, and spontaneous sweating constitute what is called Guizhi Tang syndrome. The pathogen was at the exterior but was erroneously purged, weakening the stomach and intestines, allowing the exterior pathogen to enter the interior due to deficiency, thereby causing diarrhea associated with heat.)
Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 8 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, prepared), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 2 liang), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 2 liang). First boil Ge Gen, then add the other herbs and decoct (ginger and jujube may be added).
This formula acts on the Foot-Taiyang and Yangming channels. Since the exterior syndrome persists, the physician's erroneous purgation caused the pathogen to enter the Yangming fu-organs. Sweat escapes outward, qi rebels upward causing wheezing, and qi sinks downward causing diarrhea. Therefore, Guizhi is discarded in favor of Ge Gen, specifically treating the exterior of Yangming (Ge Gen can ascend the clear yang of Yangming and is a supreme herb for treating diarrhea). Huang Qin and Huang Lian are added to clear interior heat, and Gan Cao harmonizes the stomach qi. Diarrhea stops spontaneously without direct treatment, and wheezing ceases without direct treatment. This is also an alternative method for resolving both exterior and interior syndromes of the Taiyang channel.
Treating Shanghan (Cold Damage) and warm-toxin conditions where both exterior and interior present with heat, manifesting as manic shouting, restlessness, excessive thirst, red face, dry nose, eyes burning like fire, body stiffness/spasm, and absence of sweat; or after having undergone sweating or purgation, the disease persists beyond the normal transmission cycle, with severe heat in the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), delirium, mania, epistaxis (nosebleed), jaundice of the body and eyes, and a surging and rapid pulse in all six positions; as well as Yangdu (Yang Toxin) with macules/rash (Tao Jie'an stated: Shi Gao [Gypsum Fibrosum, 1.5 liang], Huang Qin [Scutellariae Radix], Huang Lian [Coptidis Rhizoma], Huang Bai [Phellodendri Cortex, 7 qian], Zhi Zi [Gardeniae Fructus, 30 fruits], Ma Huang [Ephedrae Herba], Dan Chi [Sojae Semen Praeparatum, 2 he]. Dosage: 1 liang per serving.)
This formula acts on the Foot-Taiyang and Hand-Shaoyang channels. Both exterior and interior pathogens are abundant. Treating the interior leaves the exterior unresolved; releasing the exterior aggravates the interior urgency. Thus, Huang Qin clears upper jiao heat... [text fragment] ...releases exterior pathogens.
(The Bureau of People's Relief Pharmacy Formulary)
Treating Shaoyin Shanghan (Cold Damage affecting the Kidney/Heart channels) and external contraction of wind-cold, internal injury from cold/raw foods, presenting with fever, absence of sweat, headache, body pain, stiffness in the neck and back, chest fullness, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, alternating chills and fever; Hongxiangjiao (Beriberi/swelling of legs); cold constipation and Hanhan (cold hernia); cold malaria with chills and no sweat; irregular menstruation in women (all above symptoms are caused by cold-dampness).
Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 6 fen), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Fu Ling (Poria), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, 8 fen), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 7 fen).
Another method: Remove Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Bai Zhi, Zhi Qiao, and Chen Pi. Stir-fry the remaining herbs slowly over low heat, spread them out to cool, then decoct together with Gui Zhi and Bai Zhi. This is named Shu Liao Wu Ji San (Cooked Five Accumulations Powder) (Stir-frying aids its warming and dispersing properties). If there is sweating, remove Cang Zhu and Ma Huang; if qi deficient, remove Zhi Qiao and Jie Geng, add Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) and Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma); if abdominal pain with qi stagnation, add Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus); if stomach cold, add Wei Jiang (Prepared Ginger); for Yin syndrome Shanghan with cold limbs and deficiency sweating, add Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata).
This is a universal formula for Yin/Yang and Exterior/Interior. Ma Huang and Gui Zhi release the exterior and scatter cold; Gan Cao and Shao Yao harmonize the interior and relieve pain; Cang Zhu and Nong Po... Jie Geng promotes... [text fragment] ...formula. One formula treats multiple diseases; only those skilled in flexible application can adapt it (This formula can dissipate cold accumulation, food accumulation, qi accumulation, blood stasis, and phlegm accumulation. Wang Haicang said: Ban Xia [Pinelliae Rhizoma]... formula... promote... deep and slow pulse... error... constitutes floating yin; urgently administer one dose of Wu Ji San to resolve exterior and interior cold. If there is deep-seated cold within, ginger and aconite must be used for warming; if treated as heat using cooling herbs, thirst will worsen and agitation increase, how could life be saved? This prioritizes pulse diagnosis over symptom presentation. Note: In Shanghan, there are cases of discarding symptoms for pulse, and discarding pulse for symptoms.)
Combining this formula with Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng Detoxification Powder) creates Wu Ji Jiaojia San (Five Accumulations Combined Powder). It treats heavy body pain and soreness of the waist and legs caused by cold-dampness.