Bibo (Piper longum), originating from the Kingdom of Persia, is now also found in the Lingnan region. It grows abundantly within bamboo forests. In the first lunar month, shoots emerge and grow in clumps, reaching a height of three to four chi; its stems are like chopsticks; the leaves are green and round, two to three cun wide like mulberry leaves, with a smooth and dark surface. Flowers bloom in the third lunar month, white in color on the exterior; fruits form in the seventh lunar month, about the size of a little finger, over two cun long, dark green-black, resembling mulberries. Harvested in the ninth lunar month, treated with ash to kill pests/enzymes, and dried in the sun. Southerners appreciate its pungent aroma and sometimes eat the leaves raw. Decocting its fruits with yellow cow's milk effectively treats Qi dysentery (a type of chronic diarrhea characterized by abdominal pain and tenesmus). According to the "Veritable Records of Emperor Taizong of Tang," during the Zhenyuan era, the Emperor suffered from persistent Qi dysentery unresponsive to other physicians' treatments. An edict was issued to seek remedies, and a guard presented a method of decocting Bibo with milk, which proved effective for the Emperor. Liu Yuxi also recorded this, noting that subsequent trials on elderly individuals with deficiency-cold conditions were invariably successful.

Bidengqie (Litsea cubeba), native to the Kingdom of Fosha, is now also produced in Guangzhou. Leaves emerge in spring and summer, green and glossy, pleasing to the eye; the fruits resemble those of Wutong tree (Firmiana simplex) or Manjingzi (Vitex rotundifolia), slightly larger. Harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months. It is frequently used in modern medical prescriptions for spleen and stomach disorders. It also treats coughs associated with Cold damage (Shanghan) that fluctuate day and night. The prescription uses 3 fen of Bidengqie and 3 fen of Gaoliangjiang (Alpinia officinarum), pounded and sieved into a powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 6 parts water, boil for more than ten boils, add a small amount of vinegar, stir well, and drink warm together with the dregs, similar to drinking tea.

Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus), growing in various prefectures of Guangnan and the Kingdom of Persia, is now common in the mountains outside the Lingnan range, though those imported via foreign merchant ships are superior. Stems reach three to four chi high; leaves resemble mint; flowers are slightly purple; fruits are round, flat, black, and resemble hemp seeds. Harvested in the ninth lunar month; some claim it is Hujiuzi. The Hu people pronounce it similarly to "Poguozhi," hence the alias Pugu Zhi (Broken Old Paper). Nowadays, it is often taken combined with walnuts. This method originates from the autobiography of Zheng Xiangguo of the Tang Dynasty: When I served as the Military Commissioner of Nanhai at age seventy-five, the dampness of the Yue region injured my interior and exterior, causing multiple ailments. My Yang Qi was depleted. Treatments with Rushi (mineral tonics) and other supplements failed. In the seventh year of Yuanhe, Li Moke, a shipowner from the Kingdom of Heling, learned of my condition and transmitted this prescription and herbs. Initially skeptical, I refused until Li Koke kowtowed and insisted. After taking it for seven or eight days, I felt improvement. Since then, I have taken it regularly with miraculous results. In the second month of the tenth year, upon returning to the capital after resigning, I recorded the formula to spread it. Take 10 liang of Pugu Zhi, clean, peel, wash, pound, and sieve finely. Mix with 20 liang of walnut kernels, soaked in hot water, peeled, and ground finely into a paste. Combine with the Pugu Zhi powder and mix thoroughly with fine honey until uniform like maltose syrup. Store in a porcelain vessel. Each morning, take one spoonful of the medicine mixed with two he of warm wine, followed by a meal to settle the medicine. Those who do not drink alcohol may use warm boiled water. Long-term use prolongs life, benefits Qi, soothes the heart, brightens the eyes, and strengthens sinews and bones. Avoid consuming Youcai (Brassica parachinensis) and sheep blood; other foods are unrestricted. This herb originally came from foreign lands via sea routes and is not native to China. The foreigners call it Bugu Chi, which was phonetically corrupted into Pugu Zhi. This account is recorded in "Xu Chuanxin Fang" with considerable detail, so it is transcribed here.