经曰∶左右者，阴阳之道路也。人生之气，阳从左升，阴从右降，故以左颊配肝，右颊
配肺
。《周易》以南离北坎定水火之位，故以心配离火，属于天庭；肾配坎水，处于地角。《内
经》以鼻为面王，以其位居至中，内通呼吸，生死赖之。脾属土，土处中宫，故鼻属脾也。
(陈飞霞)
青为肝色，赤为心色，黄为脾色，白为肺色，黑为肾色，如面青，主惊风之证，又主痛
；面
赤，主火热；面黄，主伤脾伤食；面白，主虚寒；面黑，主痛，多恶候。总之，五色明显为
新病，证属轻；晦浊为久病，证属重。(《四诊心法》)
脾病色黄，正色也。见红色，是火能生土，故为顺。若见青色，乃木来克土，为逆也。
(《心法》)
肝病色青，正色也。见黑色，是水能生木，故为顺。若见白色，乃金来克木，为逆也。
(《心法》)
肺病色白，正色也。见黑色，是土能生金，故为顺。若见赤色，乃火来克金，为逆也。
(《心法》)
心病色赤，正色也。见青色，是木能生火，故为顺。若见黑色，乃水来克火，为逆也。
(《心法》)
肾病色黑，正色也。见白色，是金能生水，故为顺。若见黄色，乃土来克水，为逆也。
(《四诊心法》)
小儿面部气色，为十二经总见之处。气血充实，遇部色相生者病易治。若久病气血虚弱
，遇部色相克，则正气不充，为难治。(《心法》)
天庭青暗，主惊风。红主内热，黑则无治。太阳青，主惊风。印堂青，主惊泻。风池在
眉下
，气池在眼下。青主惊风，紫主吐逆，左颊赤主肝经有热，右颊赤主肺热痰盛。承浆青主惊
，黄主吐，黑主抽搐。(《集成》)
日角在左额，犹日之东升，一经青色遮掩，为木蔽阳光，有病为最危。太阳在左右两额
，为众阳之宗，属火旺夏气，色宜红，如黑色掩映，为水克火之象，无治。(心法)
泻痢者，面不宜赤，咳嗽者，色不宜青。感风寒则面有火光；伤积滞则色滞萎黄；气弱
者，囟门低陷；血衰者，头发枯焦。(《集成》)
凡病者，面青脉弦，面赤脉洪，面白脉浮，面黄脉缓，面黑脉沉，此色脉相合为无病。
一经相反，如面青则脉浮，为克色，主死。脉沉为生色，主生之类。(《集成》)
黄赤色为阳，故为病主风主热。青白黑色为阴，故为病主寒主痛。晃白者，浅淡白色也
，主
失血。否则心不生血，故其色不荣。微黑者，浅淡黑色，肾病水寒也。痿黄者，浅淡黄色，
诸虚见病也。两颊有深红色者，主阴火上乘，虚损之疾也(《心法》)
凡人天庭有黑色，两颧有赤色，皆大如拇指，或成块成条者，水火相射，主卒死。抑或
唇面青黑，以及五官忽起黑色，或有白色如傅粉之状，皆无治。(《四诊心法》)
春木旺，色宜青；青欲如苍璧之泽，不欲如蓝。如当春而白，则为金克木。(《心法》)
夏火旺，色宜赤；赤欲如帛裹朱，不欲如赭。如当夏而黑，则为水克火。(《心法》)
秋金旺，色宜白；白欲如鹅羽，不欲如盐。如当秋而赤，则为火克金。(《心法》)
冬水旺，色宜黑；黑欲重漆，不欲如炭。如当冬而黄，则为土克金。(《心法》)
四时以黄为正色，但黄欲如罗裹雄黄，不欲如黄土。(《心法》)
病者以面黄目青，面黄目白，面黄目黑，皆主生，但青如草滋，白如枯骨，黑如煤者死
。
(《大全》)
凡面赤目黄，面赤目青，面赤目白而病者，不治。(《大全》)
凡病面黑目青，面黑目白，面黑唇青，面黑两胁下满，不能转反者死。(《大全》)
凡以面青目白，面青目黄，面青唇黑，在病者为无治。(《大全》)
凡病以面白目黑，及面无精采者，主无治。(《大全》)
初病外感，不妨滞浊。久病切忌鲜妍。惟黄色见于面目，既不枯槁，又不浮泽，为欲愈
之候。(陈修园)
凡病，面青者死，面晦黑者死。(《大全》)
乍白乍黄，疳积连绵。又赤又青，风邪紧急。(万密斋)
面目虚浮，定痛胀而气喘。眉毛频蹙，必腹痛而多啼。风池气池如黄土，则为伤脾。左
颊右颊似青黛，即成客忤。(《集成》)
风门黑主疝，青主惊，方广昏暗凶，光滑吉。(《集成》)
口频撮而脾虚，舌长伸而心热。(万密斋)
小儿前囟门禀母血，后囟门含父精，前后囟门光实者主寿；前后囟门空虚者主夭。(《
集成》)
凡儿口大鼻端，眉清目秀，五岳相朝，部位相等者主福寿。若口小鼻 ，眉心皱促者，
虽无病而终夭也。(《集成》)
汉张仲景见王仲宣曰∶君有病，当眉落，半年而死，令服五石汤可免。仲宣不信，后果
如其言。美哉，仲圣之候色也。(《后汉书》)
凡青紫之筋散见于面者，多病风热。(陈飞霞)
面赤主热。然阴盛格阳，面赤而脉沉细者，是为戴阳，法当温之。(周于蕃)
面多白点者虫积。面黄不润多蟹爪纹者亦虫积。(周于蕃)
面黄不一者食积。面黄而光润者，湿热及痰饮蓄血。面黄而枯暗者，寒湿食积。面黄而
黑者脾胃衰。(周于蕃)
面白者气虚。面白无神者，或病后、或脱血、或多汗也。(周于蕃)
按∶审色本自《素问》区辨綦详，《金匮》独论于篇首，是色诊为司命所必习者。博采
古人
之说，参阅今人之证，庶期一望而知，乃足以操活人之术。不为良相而为良医，所愿习岐黄
之业者交相劝勉。篇内所载天庭、印堂、风池、气池、太阳、方广、两颧、两颊、两额、五
岳、日月角、风门、囟门、地角、承浆诸处，则于诊面篇有图在。(惕厉子)
《内经》说：左右两侧，是阴阳之气运行的道路。人体之气，阳气从左上升，阴气从右下降，所以左脸颊对应肝，右脸颊对应肺。《周易》以南方的离卦和北方的坎卦来确定水火的位置，因此心对应离火，位于天庭（前额中央）；肾对应坎水，处于地角（下颌两侧）。《内经》认为鼻子是面部的“王”，因为它位居面部正中，内部连通呼吸，人的生死都依赖于此。脾属土，土居中央，所以鼻子归属于脾。（陈飞霞）
青色是肝的颜色，赤色是心的颜色，黄色是脾的颜色，白色是肺的颜色，黑色是肾的颜色。如果面色发青，主惊风证，也主疼痛；面色发赤，主火热；面色发黄，主脾伤或食积；面色发白，主虚寒；面色发黑，主疼痛，多为恶候。总之，五色鲜明为新病，病情较轻；晦暗浑浊为久病，病情较重。（《四诊心法》）
脾病面色黄，这是正色。若见到红色，是火能生土，属于顺证。若见到青色，是木来克土，属于逆证。（《心法》）
肝病面色青，这是正色。若见到黑色，是水能生木，属于顺证。若见到白色，是金来克木，属于逆证。（《心法》）
肺病面色白，这是正色。若见到黑色，是土能生金，属于顺证。若见到赤色，是火来克金，属于逆证。（《心法》）
心病面色赤，这是正色。若见到青色，是木能生火，属于顺证。若见到黑色，是水来克火，属于逆证。（《心法》）
肾病面色黑，这是正色。若见到白色，是金能生水，属于顺证。若见到黄色，是土来克水，属于逆证。（《四诊心法》）
小儿面部的色泽，是十二经脉气血盛衰的总体反映。气血充实，且部位色泽相生者，病易治。若久病气血虚弱，又遇到部位色泽相克，则正气不充，为难治。（《心法》）
天庭（前额）青暗，主惊风。红主内热，黑则无药可治。太阳穴（眉梢与外眼角之间向后约一横指的凹陷处）青，主惊风。印堂（两眉之间）青，主惊泻。风池穴在眉毛下方，气池在眼下。青色主惊风，紫色主呕吐逆气，左颊赤主肝经有热，右颊赤主肺热痰盛。承浆穴（下唇下方凹陷处）青主惊，黄主呕吐，黑主抽搐。（《集成》）
日角在左额，如同太阳东升，若有青色遮掩，为木蔽阳光，有病最为危险。太阳穴在左右两额，为众阳之宗，属火旺夏气，颜色宜红，若被黑色掩映，为水克火之象，无药可治。（《心法》）
患泻痢的人，面色不宜赤；患咳嗽的人，面色不宜青。感受风寒则面有火光；伤于积滞则色泽滞涩萎黄；气弱者，囟门低陷；血衰者，头发枯焦。（《集成》）
凡是病人，面青脉弦，面赤脉洪，面白脉浮，面黄脉缓，面黑脉沉，这种色脉相符为无病（或病轻）。一旦相反，如面青却脉浮，为克色，主死。脉沉为生色，主生的情况。（《集成》）
黄、赤色属阳，所以病主风主热。青、白、黑色属阴，所以病主寒主痛。晃白，即浅淡的白色，主失血。否则因心不生血，所以面色不荣润。微黑，即浅淡的黑色，主肾病水寒。痿黄，即浅淡的黄色，主各种虚损病证。两颊有深红色者，主阴火上乘，为虚损之疾。（《心法》）
凡是人天庭出现黑色，两颧出现大如拇指或成块成条的赤色，都是水火相射，主突然死亡。或者嘴唇面部青黑，以及五官忽然出现黑色，或有白色如涂粉状，都无药可治。（《四诊心法》）
春季木旺，面色宜青；青色要像苍璧那样润泽，不要像蓝色那样枯槁。如果在春天面色白，则为金克木。（《心法》）
夏季火旺，面色宜赤；赤色要像帛裹朱砂那样红润，不要像赭石那样暗沉。如果在夏天面色黑，则为水克火。（《心法》）
秋季金旺，面色宜白；白色要像鹅羽那样洁白，不要像盐那样刺眼。如果在秋天面色赤，则为火克金。（《心法》）
冬季水旺，面色宜黑；黑色要像重漆那样光亮，不要像炭那样枯黑。如果在冬天面色黄，则为土克水（注：原文作土克金，据五行逻辑及上下文应为土克水，此处依原文翻译但保留原意，通常指非时之色为克）。（《心法》）
四季以黄色为正色，但黄色要像罗裹雄黄那样含蓄光泽，不要像黄土那样干枯。（《心法》）
病人若面黄目青，面黄目白，面黄目黑，都主生，但如果青色像草滋那样枯败，白色像枯骨那样惨白，黑色像煤烟那样漆黑，则主死。（《大全》）
凡是面赤目黄，面赤目青，面赤目白而患病的人，不治。（《大全》）
凡是病见面黑目青，面黑目白，面黑唇青，面黑且两胁下胀满，不能翻身转侧的，主死。（《大全》）
凡是面青目白，面青目黄，面青唇黑的，在患病者为无治。（《大全》）
初病外感，不妨碍面色滞浊。久病切忌面色鲜妍。只有黄色见于面目，既不枯槁，又不浮泽，才是欲愈的征兆。（陈修园）
面目虚浮，定有痛胀气喘。眉毛频繁皱起，必定腹痛且多啼哭。风池、气池如黄土色，则为伤脾。左颊右颊似青黛色，即成客忤（小儿受惊吓或异气所致的疾病）。（《集成》）
风门黑主疝气，青主惊风，方广昏暗凶险，光滑吉利。（《集成》）
小儿前囟门禀受母血，后囟门含纳父精，前后囟门光实饱满的主长寿；前后囟门空虚塌陷的主夭折。（《集成》）
凡是婴儿口大鼻端，眉清目秀，五岳（面部五官及其周围区域）相朝，部位相等的主福寿。若口小鼻塌，眉心皱促，即使无病也会终夭。（《集成》）
汉代张仲景见王仲宣时说：“您有病，将来会眉毛脱落，半年后死亡，让您服用五石汤可以避免。”仲宣不信，后果正如他所说。仲圣观察面色的高明啊！（《后汉书》）
面赤主热。然而阴盛格阳，面赤而脉沉细的，是为戴阳证，治法应当温补。（周于蕃）
面色黄而不匀者为食积。面黄而光润的，为湿热及痰饮蓄血。面黄而枯暗的，为寒湿食积。面黄而黑的，为脾胃衰败。（周于蕃）
面白者为气虚。面白无神的，或是病后，或是脱血，或是多汗所致。（周于蕃）
按语：审察面色本自《素问》，区分非常详细，《金匮要略》独论于篇首，可见色诊是医生必须精通的技能。广泛采集古人的说法，参阅今人的病例，希望能做到一望而知，这才足以掌握救人的医术。不为良相而为良医，希望学习岐黄之术的人互相劝勉。篇内所载的天庭、印堂、风池、气池、太阳、方广、两颧、两颊、两额、五岳、日月角、风门、囟门、地角、承浆等部位，则在诊面篇中有图。（惕厉子）
The *Neijing* states: The left and right sides are the pathways of Yin and Yang. In human life, Yang Qi ascends from the left, and Yin descends from the right; therefore, the left cheek corresponds to the Liver (Gan), and the right cheek corresponds to the Lung (Fei). The *I Ching* determines the positions of Water and Fire using the Li trigram in the South and the Kan trigram in the North; thus, the Heart (Xin) corresponds to Li Fire and is located at the Tian Ting (the central upper forehead); the Kidney (Shen) corresponds to Kan Water and is situated at the Di Jiao (the lateral lower corners of the face). The *Neijing* regards the nose as the "King" of the face because it occupies the central position, internally connects with respiration, and upon which life and death depend. The Spleen (Pi) belongs to Earth, and Earth resides in the Central Palace; therefore, the nose belongs to the Spleen. (Chen Feixia)
Cyan is the color of the Liver, Red is the color of the Heart, Yellow is the color of the Spleen, White is the color of the Lung, and Black is the color of the Kidney. If the complexion is cyan, it indicates Wind-Convulsion syndromes or pain; if red, it indicates Heat-Fire; if yellow, it indicates Spleen injury or food stagnation; if white, it indicates Deficiency-Cold; if black, it indicates pain and is often a malignant sign. In summary, distinct and bright colors indicate new diseases with mild conditions; dull and turbid colors indicate chronic diseases with severe conditions. (*Sizhen Xinfa*)
In Spleen disease, a yellow complexion is the proper color. If red appears, it signifies that Fire generates Earth, which is a favorable (Shun) progression. If cyan appears, it signifies that Wood overacts on Earth, which is an unfavorable (Ni) progression. (*Xinfa*)
In Liver disease, a cyan complexion is the proper color. If black appears, it signifies that Water generates Wood, which is favorable. If white appears, it signifies that Metal overacts on Wood, which is unfavorable. (*Xinfa*)
In Lung disease, a white complexion is the proper color. If black appears, it signifies that Earth generates Metal, which is favorable. If red appears, it signifies that Fire overacts on Metal, which is unfavorable. (*Xinfa*)
In Heart disease, a red complexion is the proper color. If cyan appears, it signifies that Wood generates Fire, which is favorable. If black appears, it signifies that Water overacts on Fire, which is unfavorable. (*Xinfa*)
In Kidney disease, a black complexion is the proper color. If white appears, it signifies that Metal generates Water, which is favorable. If yellow appears, it signifies that Earth overacts on Water, which is unfavorable. (*Sizhen Xinfa*)
The facial luster of children reflects the overall state of the Twelve Meridians. When Qi and Blood are abundant, and the colors of the regions generate each other, the disease is easy to treat. However, in chronic diseases where Qi and Blood are deficient, if the regional colors overcome each other, the Healthy Qi is insufficient, making it difficult to treat. (*Xinfa*)
A dark cyan Tian Ting (forehead) indicates Wind-Convulsion. Red indicates Internal Heat; black indicates untreatable conditions. Cyan at the Tai Yang region (temples) indicates Wind-Convulsion. Cyan at the Yin Tang region (between eyebrows) indicates Wind-Diarrhea. Feng Chi (GB20) is below the eyebrows; Qi Chi is under the eyes. Cyan indicates Wind-Convulsion; purple indicates vomiting and reflux; red on the left cheek indicates Heat in the Liver Meridian; red on the right cheek indicates Phlegm-Heat in the Lung. Cyan at Cheng Jiang (CV24) indicates Convulsion; yellow indicates Vomiting; black indicates Twitching/Spasms. (*Jicheng*)
Ri Jiao is on the left forehead, like the rising sun. If covered by cyan, it symbolizes Wood obscuring sunlight; illness here is most critical. Tai Yang is on both temples, the root of all Yang, associated with Fire and Summer Qi; the color should be red. If covered by black, it symbolizes Water overcoming Fire, indicating an untreatable condition. (*Xinfa*)
For patients with dysentery or diarrhea, the face should not be red. For those with cough, the face should not be cyan. Exposure to Wind-Cold causes a fiery glow on the face; Injury from Food Stagnation causes a dull, sallow complexion. Weakness of Qi leads to a depressed fontanelle; Deficiency of Blood leads withered and dry hair. (*Jicheng*)
Generally, for patients: Cyan face with Wiry pulse, Red face with Surging pulse, White face with Floating pulse, Yellow face with Moderate pulse, Black face with Deep pulse—this harmony of color and pulse indicates no serious disease. Any contradiction, such as a Cyan face with a Floating pulse, represents Color Overacting, indicating death. A Deep pulse with a corresponding color indicates Life, suggesting recovery. (*Jicheng*)
Yellow and Red belong to Yang; thus, diseases manifesting these colors are primarily Wind or Heat. Cyan, White, and Black belong to Yin; thus, diseases manifesting these colors are primarily Cold or Pain. Huang Bai (pale white) indicates loss of blood. Otherwise, due to the Heart failing to generate blood, the complexion lacks luster. Wei Hei (slightly black) indicates Kidney disease with Cold-Water. Wei Huang (sallow/pale yellow) indicates various deficiency syndromes. Deep red on both cheeks indicates Yin Fire ascending, a sign of consumptive disease. (*Xinfa*)
If a person has black on the Tian Ting and large red patches (thumb-sized or streak-like) on both Zygomatic arches, it signifies Water and Fire clashing, leading to sudden death. Similarly, blue-black lips and face, or sudden black discoloration of the five orifices, or white powder-like patches, are untreatable. (*Sizhen Xinfa*)
In Spring, Wood is prosperous; the color should be cyan. Cyan should be lustrous like green jade, not dull like indigo. If white appears in Spring, it signifies Metal overcoming Wood. (*Xinfa*)
In Summer, Fire is prosperous; the color should be red. Red should be vibrant like vermilion wrapped in silk, not dull like hematite. If black appears in Summer, it signifies Water overcoming Fire. (*Xinfa*)
In Autumn, Metal is prosperous; the color should be white. White should be pure like goose feathers, not glaring like salt. If red appears in Autumn, it signifies Fire overcoming Metal. (*Xinfa*)
In Winter, Water is prosperous; the color should be black. Black should be glossy like lacquer, not dull like charcoal. If yellow appears in Winter, it signifies Earth overcoming Water (Text says Earth overcoming Metal, likely a textual variant referring to off-season colors). (*Xinfa*)
Yellow is the proper color for all four seasons, but it should be subtle like yellow earth wrapped in silk, not dry like loess. (*Xinfa*)
For patients, a yellow face with cyan, white, or black eyes generally indicates survival. However, if the cyan resembles dead grass, the white resembles dry bones, or the black resembles coal, it indicates death. (*Daquan*)
Patients with a red face and yellow, cyan, or white eyes are untreatable. (*Daquan*)
Patients with a black face and cyan eyes, black face and white eyes, black face and cyan lips, or black face with fullness under both hypochondria and inability to turn over, will die. (*Daquan*)
Patients with a cyan face and white eyes, cyan face and yellow eyes, or cyan face and black lips are untreatable. (*Daquan*)
Patients with a white face and black eyes, or a face lacking spirit, are untreatable. (*Daquan*)
In initial exterior contraction, a turbid complexion is acceptable. In chronic disease, a fresh and rosy complexion is strictly contraindicated. Only a yellow complexion on the face and eyes, neither withered nor floating/greasy, indicates impending recovery. (Chen Xiuyuan)
Generally, a cyan face indicates death; a dull black face indicates death. (*Daquan*)
Alternating white and yellow indicates lingering Infantile Malnutrition (Gan Syndrome). Alternating red and cyan indicates urgent Wind pathogen. (Wan Mizhai)
Puffy face and eyes indicate pain, distension, and asthma. Frequent frowning indicates abdominal pain and excessive crying. Earthy-yellow Feng Chi and Qi Chi indicate Spleen injury. Cyan-blue Left and Right Cheeks indicate Ke Wu (external fright/pathogen affecting children). (*Jicheng*)
Black at Feng Men indicates Hernia; cyan indicates Convulsion. Dull Fang Guang is ominous; smooth is auspicious. (*Jicheng*)
Frequent puckering of the mouth indicates Spleen Deficiency; protruding tongue indicates Heart Heat. (Wan Mizhai)
The anterior fontanelle receives maternal blood; the posterior fontanelle contains paternal essence. Bright and full fontanelles indicate longevity; empty and sunken fontanelles indicate premature death. (*Jicheng*)
Infants with large mouths, straight noses, clear eyebrows, beautiful eyes, harmonious Five Mountains (facial features), and equal proportions indicate fortune and longevity. Those with small mouths, flat noses, and furrowed brows may die young even without illness. (*Jicheng*)
Zhang Zhongjing of the Han Dynasty saw Wang Zhongxuan and said, "You have a disease; your eyebrows will fall out, and you will die in half a year. Taking Wushi Tang can prevent this." Zhongxuan did not believe him, and the outcome was exactly as predicted. How profound was Master Zhong's observation of facial colors! (*Hou Hanshu*)
Scattered cyan-purple veins on the face mostly indicate Wind-Heat. (Chen Feixia)
Red face indicates Heat. However, in Yin Excess repelling Yang, a red face with a deep, fine pulse indicates Dai Yang (Floating Yang); the treatment method should be warming. (Zhou Yushan)
White spots on the face indicate Parasite Accumulation. Dull, non-lustrous yellow face with crab-claw patterns also indicates Parasite Accumulation. (Zhou Yushan)
Uneven yellow face indicates Food Accumulation. Lustrous yellow face indicates Damp-Heat, Phlegm-Fluid, or Blood Stasis. Withered and dark yellow face indicates Cold-Damp and Food Accumulation. Yellow mixed with black indicates Spleen and Stomach decline. (Zhou Yushan)
White face indicates Qi Deficiency. Face white and spiritless indicates post-illness state, blood loss, or excessive sweating. (Zhou Yushan)
Note: Observing colors originates from the *Suwen*, with detailed distinctions. The *Jingui Yaolue* discusses it exclusively in the first chapter, showing that color diagnosis is essential for physicians. By extensively collecting ancient theories and reviewing modern cases, one hopes to achieve instant recognition, thereby mastering the art of saving lives. Striving to be a good physician rather than a good minister, I urge those studying the Yellow Emperor's classics to encourage each other. The locations mentioned in this chapter—Tian Ting, Yin Tang, Feng Chi, Qi Chi, Tai Yang, Fang Guang, bilateral Zygomatic arches, bilateral Cheeks, bilateral Temples, Five Mountains, Ri Yue Jiao, Feng Men, Fontanelle, Di Jiao, and Cheng Jiang—are illustrated in the Facial Diagnosis section. (Tili Zi)