小儿半岁后有病，以无名、中、食三指，曲按额前眉上发际之下。若三指俱热，是感受
风邪
。鼻塞气粗，三指俱冷，是感受风寒，脏冷吐泻。若食、中二指热，是上热下冷；无名、中
二指热，是夹之候；食指热，是胸膈气满，乳食不消。(《兰台规范》)
按∶三指诊面法，历载简编。但其说有应有不应，务须参以别法，以求确当。缘操是术
者，
性命攸关，非苟焉已也。仲师曰∶委付凡医，恣其所措，为天下后世庸工者戒。(惕厉子)
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目乃肝之窍，勇视而睛转者风也。直视而睛不转者，肝气将绝也。(夏禹铸)
目之窍，五脏所属。黑珠属肝，纯见黄色，凶证也。白珠属肺，现青色，肝风侮肺也。
淡黄
色，脾有积滞也；老黄色，湿热内蕴也。瞳人属肾，无光彩又兼发黄，肾气虚也。大角属大
肠，破烂，肺有风也。小角属小肠，破烂，心有热也。上胞属脾，肿则脾伤也。下胞属胃，
色青者，胃有风也。上下眼胞皆肿者，脾经风热也。睡而露睛者，脾胃虚寒所致也。(夏禹
铸)
小儿目连眨者，肝有风也。凡病或新或久，肝风入目，如风吹，儿不能任，故连眨。(
夏禹铸)
小儿目无精光，及白睛多而黑睛少者，肝肾不足也。(《大全》)
心主赤，目赤甚者，心实热也；赤微者，心虚热也。肝主青，目青甚者，肝热也；淡青
者，肝虚也。脾主黄，目黄甚者，脾热也；淡黄者，脾虚也。(《集成》)
眼眶黑，主内有痰饮，眼眶青，主生惊厥。(《大全》)
目神短促而无光，瞻视无力而昏暗者，主病夭。目瞪者，膀胱绝也，或有痰涎内扰致之
。若目睛稍定，临时转动者亦属痰。(《大全》)
目属肝，肝气实则眵干硬，肝气虚则眵胶粘。寒伤肝则泪冷，热伤肝则泪热。(惕厉子)
赤脉贯瞳，火乘水位，治宜泻心补肾。(《指南》)
凡病者，两目 有黄色起者，其病方愈。(《集成》)
目色赤者心实热，淡红者心虚热；青者肝实热，淡青者肝虚热；黄者脾实热，微黄者脾
虚热；白而混者肺实热，目无精光者肾虚也。(钱仲阳)
惊痫发搐，男则目左视无声，右视有声；女则目右视无声，左视有声，相胜故也。(钱
仲阳)
凡病者至危时，必察两目。故经曰∶视其目色以知病之存亡也。(《世补斋》)
仲圣云∶目中不了了，睛不和；睛不和者，神昏如醉也。无表里证，大便难身微热者，
此为实也，宜急下之。经云∶热病目不明，热不已者死。(《世补斋》)
小儿眼睛珠黑光满轮者主寿，虽有疾病亦易愈。若白珠多而黑珠昏蒙、眼珠或黄或小者
，主灾患。(《集成》)
小儿目直视者热，白膜遮睛者成疳。其病时或目开不合，或目合不开，或哭而
无泪，或不哭而泪出者，为肝绝。(《集成》)
开目见人者属阳，闭目不欲见人者属阴。(《大全》)
目忽无明者，脱阴脱血也。目睛定而不转者，危候也。(《周于蕃》)
按∶经云∶肝开窍于目，人之有目，犹天之有日也。天有日则阳光普照，人有目则精光
外发
，由中形外，目其最着者。分而言之，则目专属肝。统而言之，则脏腑皆系于目。六淫感于
外，七情伤于内，脏腑病无不见于目。诊目一法，亦司命所切要者尔。(惕厉子)
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\x锐 即小 ，属心与小肠。上下胞属脾胃。瞳人属肾。黑珠属肝。白珠属肺。内 即
小儿半岁以后患病，用无名指、中指和食指三指，弯曲按压在额头前部眉毛上方的发际线之下。如果三指都感觉发热，说明是感受了风邪。如果出现鼻塞、呼吸粗重，且三指都感觉寒冷，说明是感受了风寒，伴有脏腑虚冷导致的呕吐和腹泻。如果食指和中指发热，说明上热下寒；无名指和中指发热，说明有夹惊的征候；仅食指发热，说明胸膈气机壅满，乳食不消化。（出自《兰台规范》）
按语：三指诊面法，历代医籍简编中多有记载。但此法的适用情况有应验也有不应验，务必结合其他诊法参合使用，以求诊断准确。因为施行此术者，关系患儿性命攸关，不能草率了事。张仲景曾说：“将病患托付给平庸的医生，任由其胡乱处置，这是为天下后世庸医的警示。”（惕厉子）
眼睛是肝的外窍，目光勇猛直视且眼球转动的是风证。目光呆滞直视且眼球不转动的是，肝气即将断绝的表现。（夏禹铸）
眼睛的窍道，与五脏所属相关。黑珠（黑眼仁）属肝，若纯见黄色，是凶险的证候。白珠（白眼仁）属肺，现青色，是肝风侮犯肺脏。淡黄色，说明脾有积滞；老黄色，说明湿热内蕴。瞳人（瞳孔）属肾，若无光彩又兼发黄，是肾气虚弱。大角（外眼角）属大肠，若破烂，说明肺有风邪。小角（内眼角）属小肠，若破烂，说明心有热。上眼睑属脾，肿胀则说明脾受伤。下眼睑属胃，色青者，说明胃有风邪。上下眼睑皆肿者，是脾经风热所致。睡觉时眼睛露出睛明（睡而露睛），是脾胃虚寒所致。（夏禹铸）
小儿眼睛频繁眨动，是肝有风邪。凡是疾病，无论新病久病，肝风入目，如同风吹，小儿不能忍受，所以频繁眨眼。（夏禹铸）
小儿眼睛没有精光，以及白睛多而黑睛少者，是肝肾不足。（《大全》）
心主红色，眼睛红甚者，是心实热；红轻微者，是心虚热。肝主青色，眼睛青甚者，是肝热；淡青色者，是肝虚。脾主黄色，眼睛黄甚者，是脾热；淡黄色者，是脾虚。（《集成》）
眼神短促而无光，瞻视无力且昏暗者，主病危夭折。眼睛瞪大不动者，是膀胱气绝，或有痰涎内扰导致。如果眼睛稍微固定，临时能转动者，也属于痰证。（《大全》）
眼睛属肝，肝气实则眵（眼屎）干硬，肝气虚则眵胶粘。寒邪伤肝则泪冷，热邪伤肝则泪热。（惕厉子）
赤脉贯穿瞳孔，是火邪乘袭水位（肾），治疗宜泻心补肾。（《指南》）
凡是患病的人，两眼出现黄色起者，其病即将痊愈。（《集成》）
眼睛颜色赤红的是心实热，淡红的是心虚热；青色的是肝实热，淡青的是肝虚热；黄色的是脾实热，微黄的是脾虚热；白色而浑浊的是肺实热，眼睛无精光是肾虚。（钱仲阳）
惊痫发作抽搐，男孩则向左看无声，向右看有声；女孩则向右看无声，向左看有声，这是阴阳相胜的缘故。（钱仲阳）
凡是病情危重时，必须观察两目。所以医经说：“观察眼睛的颜色以知道疾病的存亡。”（《世补斋》）
张仲景说：“目中不了了，睛不和”；睛不和，就是神志昏沉如醉酒一般。如果没有表证和里证，大便困难身体微热者，这是实证，应当急下之。医经说：“热病眼睛不明，热势不退者死。”（《世补斋》）
小儿眼睛珠黑光满轮者主长寿，即使有病也容易治愈。如果白珠多而黑珠昏蒙、眼珠或黄或小者，主灾患。（《集成》）
小儿眼睛直视者是热证，白膜遮睛者成疳积。其病有时眼睛睁开不合拢，有时眼睛闭合不开，或者哭而无泪，或不哭而流泪者，为肝绝。（《集成》）
睁开眼睛见人者属阳，闭上眼睛不想见人者属阴。（《大全》）
眼睛突然失明者，是脱阴脱血。眼睛固定不转动者，是危重征候。（周于蕃）
按语：医经说：“肝开窍于目”，人有眼睛，就像天上有太阳一样。天有太阳则阳光普照，人有眼睛则精光外发，由内形于外，眼睛是最显著的表现。分开来说，眼睛专属肝。总体说来，脏腑皆系于目。六淫感于外，七情伤于内，脏腑病变无不表现在眼睛上。诊目这一方法，也是司命（医生）所切要的技术。（惕厉子）
After infants are half a year old and fall ill, use the ring finger, middle finger, and index finger to press curvedly below the hairline above the eyebrows on the forehead. If all three fingers feel hot, it indicates contraction of wind pathogen. If nasal congestion and coarse breathing occur, and all three fingers feel cold, it indicates contraction of wind-cold, with cold viscera leading to vomiting and diarrhea. If the index and middle fingers are hot, it indicates upper heat and lower cold; if the ring and middle fingers are hot, it indicates signs of being affected by fright (Jia Jing); if only the index finger is hot, it indicates qi stagnation in the chest and diaphragm, and indigestion of milk and food. (From *Lantai Guifan*)
Note: The three-finger facial diagnosis method has been recorded in various medical texts throughout history. However, its applicability varies, so it must be combined with other diagnostic methods to ensure accuracy. Since this technique involves life-and-death stakes for the child, it cannot be performed carelessly. Zhang Zhongjing said, "Entrusting patients to mediocre physicians who act arbitrarily serves as a warning to future generations of incompetent doctors." (Ti Li Zi)
The eyes are the orifice of the Liver. Vigorous gaze with rotating eyeballs indicates Wind. Fixed gaze without rotation indicates that Liver Qi is about to exhaust. (Xia Yuzhu)
The orifices of the eyes are associated with the Five Zang Organs. The black part of the eye (Hei Zhu) belongs to the Liver; pure yellow color indicates a ominous syndrome. The white part of the eye (Bai Zhu) belongs to the Lung; cyan color indicates Liver Wind insulting the Lung. Pale yellow indicates Spleen accumulation and stagnation; dark yellow indicates internal damp-heat retention. The pupil (Tong Ren) belongs to the Kidney; lack of luster combined with yellowing indicates Kidney Qi deficiency. The outer canthus (Da Jiao) belongs to the Large Intestine; ulceration indicates Lung Wind. The inner canthus (Xiao Jiao) belongs to the Small Intestine; ulceration indicates Heart Heat. The upper eyelid belongs to the Spleen; swelling indicates Spleen injury. The lower eyelid belongs to the Stomach; cyan color indicates Stomach Wind. Swelling of both upper and lower eyelids indicates Wind-Heat in the Spleen Meridian. Sleeping with eyes partially open (Shui Lu Jing) is caused by Spleen-Stomach Deficiency-Cold. (Xia Yuzhu)
Frequent blinking in infants indicates Wind in the Liver. Whether the disease is new or chronic, when Liver Wind enters the eyes, it feels like wind blowing, which the infant cannot tolerate, causing frequent blinking. (Xia Yuzhu)
Infants lacking luster in their eyes, or having more white sclera than black iris, indicate Deficiency of Liver and Kidney. (*Da Quan*)
The Heart governs redness. Severe redness of the eyes indicates Excess Heat in the Heart; mild redness indicates Deficient Heat in the Heart. The Liver governs cyan color. Severe cyan color indicates Liver Heat; pale cyan indicates Liver Deficiency. The Spleen governs yellow color. Severe yellowing indicates Spleen Heat; pale yellow indicates Spleen Deficiency. (*Ji Cheng*)
Dark circles under the eyes indicate internal Phlegm-Fluid retention; bluish discoloration indicates impending convulsions due to Fright. (*Da Quan*)
Short-lived spirit without luster, weak vision, and dimness indicate critical illness and potential early death. Fixed staring eyes indicate exhaustion of Bladder Qi, possibly caused by internal disturbance of Phlegm-Saliva. If the eyes are slightly fixed but can move temporarily, it also belongs to Phlegm syndromes. (*Da Quan*)
The eyes belong to the Liver. When Liver Qi is Excess, eye discharge (Chi) is dry and hard; when Liver Qi is Deficient, eye discharge is sticky. Cold injuring the Liver causes cold tears; Heat injuring the Liver causes hot tears. (Ti Li Zi)
Red vessels penetrating the pupil indicate Fire invading the Water position (Kidney). Treatment should involve draining the Heart and tonifying the Kidney. (*Zhi Nan*)
In any disease, if yellow color appears in both eyes, the illness is about to heal. (*Ji Cheng*)
Red eyes indicate Heart Excess Heat; pale red indicates Heart Deficient Heat. Cyan eyes indicate Liver Excess Heat; pale cyan indicates Liver Deficient Heat. Yellow eyes indicate Spleen Excess Heat; slight yellow indicates Spleen Deficient Heat. White and turbid eyes indicate Lung Excess Heat; lack of luster indicates Kidney Deficiency. (Qian Zhongyang)
During convulsions from Fright and Epilepsy: males look left without sound, look right with sound; females look right without sound, look left with sound. This is due to mutual overcoming of Yin and Yang. (Qian Zhongyang)
When a patient is critically ill, one must observe both eyes. Thus, the classics state: "Observe the eye color to know the survival or demise of the disease." (*Shi Bu Zhai*)
Zhang Zhongjing said: "Eyes appear unclear, pupils are not harmonious"; "Pupils not harmonious" means mental confusion akin to drunkenness. Without exterior or interior syndromes, but with difficulty in defecation and slight fever, this is an Excess syndrome requiring urgent purgation. The classics state: "In heat diseases, if vision is impaired and heat persists, death ensues." (*Shi Bu Zhai*)
Infants with black irises full of luster indicate longevity; even if sick, they recover easily. If there is excessive white sclera, dull/blackish iris, or small/yellowish eyeballs, it indicates disaster/misfortune. (*Ji Cheng*)
Fixed staring eyes in infants indicate Heat; white membrane covering the pupil indicates development of Guan Syndrome (malnutrition/parasitic disorder). Symptoms include eyes opening but not closing, or closing but not opening; crying without tears, or weeping without crying, indicate Exhaustion of the Liver. (*Ji Cheng*)
Opening eyes to see people belongs to Yang; closing eyes and avoiding people belongs to Yin. (*Da Quan*)
Sudden loss of vision indicates depletion of Yin and Blood. Fixed eyes without movement indicate a critical condition. (Zhou Yufan)
Note: The classics state: "The Liver opens into the eyes." Having eyes is like heaven having the sun. With the sun, sunlight shines everywhere; with eyes, essence and light project outward. The eyes are the most prominent manifestation. Separately, eyes specifically belong to the Liver. Generally, all Zang-Fu organs are connected to the eyes. External Six Evils and internal Seven Emotions cause Zang-Fu diseases that manifest in the eyes. Diagnosing the eyes is an essential skill for physicians. (Ti Li Zi)
The inner canthus (Rui Kou/Xiao Chi) belongs to the Heart and Small Intestine. Upper and lower eyelids belong to the Spleen and Stomach. The pupil belongs to the Kidney. The black part of the eye belongs to the Liver. The white part of the eye belongs to the Lung. The inner canthus is...