伤寒，予存其名，而无言也。自南阳立法以来，历代有人条论，各有可取。学人自当求
之，
岂待予言哉？然而善读仲景书者，不但能明经络，见症了如指掌，并可得其立方用意之妙。
故前人云∶能明《伤寒论》一书，非止能治伤寒，而于杂症亦思过半矣。岂不在立方之妙乎
？不善读书者，虽治真正伤寒，尚如隔靴搔痒，而况以此法治杂症，其为误人非细焉！予少时
曾见一人病胃痛，呕吐酸水，色如青草汁。延城北王某来治，曰∶此症正合《伤寒论》中厥
后条，宜理中汤。方用附子、干姜、半夏、茯苓、人参、白术、陈皮、白芍、甘草，一服而
愈，用之当也。又见一人，夏月患畏风自汗，身热气短，延一医延医，用桂枝汤一服而毙，
用不当也。我故曰∶《伤寒论》须善读为益广大，不善读贻害非细。岂虚语哉？
斑，温热所化也，由感而得。其邪从皮毛渐至于胃，胃主肌肉，温热郁不得泄，化而为
斑。
其先必见脉洪数，舌黄胸闷，口渴气秽，壮热诸症，甚则谵语，无论见斑与未见，宜散表清
胃，用苏叶、淡豆豉、（早春初冬可用。）葛根、薄荷、黄芩、连翘、花粉、地骨皮、鼠粘子
、橘红、芦根、甘草等药，服一二剂，无斑即可解。若热不解，而反见气急，面带黑滞油光
，大便已多日不解者，可用大黄、元明粉、枳实，再加清疏双解之，腑气得松，有斑即起，
无斑即愈矣，犀角地黄汤、化斑汤，临症酌用可也。水晶斑乃热之甚者，阳极似阴之象，方
中须重用石膏，其蓝斑必因从前失治，热至肾水已涸，故见此症，多致不治。斑症稍涉补药
，鲜不死者。
伤寒病，我仅保留其名，而不再多言。自从张仲景在南阳确立辨证论治法则以来，历代医家都有人进行条分缕析的论述，各有可取之处。学习者自然应当去探究它，哪里还需要我来说呢？然而，善于研读《伤寒论》的人，不仅能通晓经络，对症状的理解也能了如指掌，并且能领悟张仲景创立方剂的精妙用意。所以前人曾说：能够读懂《伤寒论》这一本书，不仅仅能治疗伤寒，对于其他杂病的诊治也能掌握大半了。这难道不是在于立方的精妙吗？不善于读书的人，虽然治疗真正的伤寒病，还如同隔靴搔痒（比喻做事不中肯，不得要领），更何况用这种方法来治疗杂病，其误人的后果就不小了！
我年轻时曾见过一个人患胃痛，呕吐酸水，颜色像青草汁一样。请城北的王医生来治疗，他说：这个病症正符合《伤寒论》中“厥阴病篇”关于厥逆后的条文，适宜使用理中汤。方剂用了附子、干姜、半夏、茯苓、人参、白术、陈皮、白芍、甘草，服用一剂就痊愈了，用药得当。我又见过一个人，在夏天患有怕风、自汗、身体发热、气短的症状，请来一位医生诊治，使用了桂枝汤，结果服用一剂后死亡，这是用药不当。所以我所以说：《伤寒论》必须善于研读才能获益广大，不善于研读则会留下严重的祸害。这难道是空话吗？
斑疹，是由温热邪气化生而成的，由外感而得。病邪从皮毛逐渐传入胃经，胃主肌肉，温热郁结不能宣泄，化生为斑疹。发病前必定会出现脉象洪大数急、舌苔黄、胸闷、口渴、气息秽臭、高热等症状，严重时甚至出现胡言乱语（谵语）。无论是否已经发出斑疹，都适宜采用发散表邪、清泻胃热的治法，使用苏叶、淡豆豉（早春和初冬时节可以使用）、葛根、薄荷、黄芩、连翘、天花粉、地骨皮、牛蒡子、橘红、芦根、甘草等药物，服用一两剂，如果没有出斑就可以解除病邪。如果热邪不解，反而出现呼吸急促，面色黑滞且有油光，大便已经多天没有解出的情况，可以使用大黄、玄明粉、枳实，再加上清热疏解、表里双解的药物，使腑气通畅松弛，有斑疹就会透发出来，没有斑疹也就痊愈了，犀角地黄汤、化斑汤，临症时酌情选用即可。水晶斑是热邪极盛的表现，属于阳极似阴的现象，方剂中必须重用石膏；蓝斑一定是因为之前失治，导致热邪深入至肾水枯竭，所以出现这种症状，大多导致无法治愈。斑疹病症如果稍微涉及补益类药物，很少有不死亡的。
Shaoyang disease (diseases caused by cold pathogenic factors), I merely retain its name and do not elaborate further. Since Zhang Zhongjing established the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment in Nanyang, scholars of successive dynasties have provided detailed discussions, each with their own merits. Students should naturally seek to understand it; why would they wait for my words? However, those who are adept at studying the *Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases* (*Shanghan Lun*) not only comprehend the meridians but also have a clear grasp of symptoms, and can furthermore appreciate the subtlety behind the formulation of prescriptions. Thus, predecessors said: "To understand the *Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases* is not only to treat cold diseases, but also to master more than half of the knowledge regarding miscellaneous diseases." Is this not due to the brilliance of prescription formulation? Those who are not good at reading the text may find themselves scratching an itch through a boot (metaphor for missing the point) even when treating genuine cold diseases, let alone using such methods to treat miscellaneous diseases, which would lead to significant harm to patients!
When I was young, I once saw a patient suffering from stomach pain and vomiting acid fluid that looked like grass juice. A Doctor Wang from the north of the city was invited to treat him. He said: "This condition exactly matches the section following 'Jue' (cold extremities) in the *Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases*. It is appropriate to use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction)." The prescription consisted of Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Fuling (Poria), Renshen (Ginseng Root), Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Baishao (White Peony Root), and Gancao (Licorice Root). After one dose, the patient recovered; the medication was appropriate. I also witnessed another case where a patient, in summer, suffered from aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, fever, shortness of breath, and fatigue. A doctor was consulted and prescribed Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction); after one dose, the patient died. This was due to inappropriate medication. Therefore, I say: One must study the *Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases* skillfully to gain broad benefits; failing to do so causes serious harm. Is this an empty statement?
Macules and papules (Ban) are transformed from warm-heat pathogens and acquired through external contraction. The pathogen gradually moves from the skin and hair follicles to the Stomach. Since the Stomach governs the muscles, if warm-heat becomes stagnant and cannot vent, it transforms into macules and papules. Initially, symptoms such as a surging and rapid pulse, yellow tongue coating, chest tightness, thirst, foul breath, and high fever must appear. In severe cases, delirium may occur. Regardless of whether macules and papules have appeared or not, it is appropriate to disperse the exterior and clear the Stomach heat. Use herbs such as Ziyeh (Perilla Leaf), Dansh douchi (Fermented Soybean), Gegen (Kudzu Root), Bohe (Mint), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Digupi (Dogwood Bark), Niuzibei (Burdock Fruit), Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Grandis), Lugeng (Reed Rhizome), and Gancao (Licorice Root). After one or two doses, if no macules appear, the illness can be resolved. If the heat does not subside and instead there is sudden shortness of breath, a dark and oily complexion, and constipation for several days, use Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Yuanmingfen (Mirabilite), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), along with other herbs to clear heat, disperse stagnation, and resolve both interior and exterior conditions. Once the fu-organs' qi flows freely, existing macules will erupt, and non-existing ones will heal. Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) and Huaban Tang (Resolve Macules Decoction) can be selected according to clinical presentation. Shuijingban (Crystal Macules) indicates extreme heat, presenting as an image of extreme yang resembling yin; thus, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) must be heavily used in the prescription. Lanban (Blue Macules) usually results from previous mismanagement, where heat has depleted Kidney water; such cases are often untreatable. Regarding macule diseases, if tonifying herbs are slightly involved, death is rarely avoided.