孔子曰∶父母之年不可不知。圣言所包自广，若必待亲终，然后尽于大事，亦非圣贤之意。
君子曰∶曾元养小体。曾子岂安养小？或因贫富丰俭之不同，或偶因珍奇之一事。
人子父母之奉，不在富奢，虽一橘亦可奉亲。故谚曰∶人能以爱子之心爱亲，孝矣。若
非理之奉，亦不为孝。
古人有对客烹鸡，已而供母者，今人却不能然。
父母之言或有差错，人子不可对人质正，待后言之。如不害事，亦不必言。
凡百家事，人子必须与亲商榷，然后行之，庶免乖忤。若亲意坚执，小有未善，亦当勉从。
父母贤明，自是均一。或有所偏向，财帛不均，为子者必自解，曰∶此财帛父母之物也。
若初不有此，奈何？有或遇水火盗贼失去，又将奈何？其不才之子，必怨对其亲，或至终身不
相见者有之，尚得谓之人子乎？何其卑弱之甚也。
人各有所偏，偏处最明，善道君亲者，必自明处傍引正之。人子谏亲，知其必不肯从，必浓
结亲之挚友，或所亲信之人，于其不意之中解之，必致其情。
老人火衰必自多寒，又不胜衣，当以熟绢软布为之，所套花绵，年换新者。
父母送终之具，五十以后即当渐备，常以夏月为惧。
春时遇天气顿暖，不可顿减绵衣。缘老人气弱骨疏，风冷易伤，才透春时，但多令夹衣，
遇暖之时，一重重渐减，即不致暴伤也。
老不耐风，非不耐风也，只当调气尔；少不耐劳，非不耐劳也，只当调脾尔。
六十忌入房户，所以辅衰，故重性命也。
人年五十以上皆常大便不利，或成苦下痢。有斯二疾常须预防。若秘涩则宜数食葵菜等滑
物，如其下痢宜与姜韭温热之菜。老人于四时之中常宜温食，不得轻之。
养老之要，耳无妄听，口无妄言，身无妄动，心无妄念，此皆有益于老人也。又当爱心，
每有诵念，无令耳闻，此为要妙耳。
老人之道，常念善，无念恶；常念生，无念杀；常念信，无念欺。无作博戏，强用气力，
无举重，无疾行，
无喜怒；无极视，无极听；无大用意，无大思虎；无吁嗟，无叫唤；无歌啸，无啼泣；无悲愁，
无哀恸；无庆吊，无接对宾客。能如此者，可无至病，长寿斯必也。
老人常避大风、大雨、大寒、大暑、大雾、霜、霰、雪、旋风、恶气，能不触冒者，是
大吉祥也。
老人所居之室，必须大周密，无致风隙也。
老人须知服食将息，调身按摩，摇动肢节，导引行气，不得对面杀生，以奉养也。
孔子说：“父母的年龄不可以不知道。”圣人的言语涵盖面很广，如果一定要等到父母去世之后，才在丧葬大事上尽孝，这也不符合圣贤的本意。
君子评论说：曾元（曾子的儿子）只注重赡养父母的身体需求。曾子难道只是安于这种小节的奉养吗？或许是因为贫富、丰俭条件的不同，或者是偶然因为某件珍贵物品的缘故。
子女侍奉父母，不在于财富的奢华，即使是一个橘子也可以用来奉养双亲。所以谚语说：“人如果能用爱孩子的心去爱父母，就是孝顺了。”如果不是合乎情理地奉养，也不算孝顺。
古人有对客人杀鸡烹煮，随后又供养母亲的情况，现在的人却不能这样做。
父母说的话如果有差错，子女不应该当面与父母争辩纠正，而应等待事后另行说明。如果不影响事情大局，也不必特意去说。
凡是家庭中的事务，子女必须与父母商量后，再付诸行动，这样才能避免违背父母心意。如果父母意志坚决，虽然做法稍有不当，也应当勉强顺从。
如果父母贤明通达，自然能做到公平对待；或者有所偏向，财物分配不均，做子女的必定自我宽慰说：“这些财物是父母的财产。”如果当初没有这些财物，又能怎么样呢？如果遇到水火盗贼导致财物丢失，又该怎么办呢？那些不成器的子女，一定会埋怨父母，甚至有的终身不再相见，这还能称为子女吗？这是多么卑弱啊。
每个人都有自己的偏颇之处，偏颇的地方最明显，善于引导君主和父母的人，必定会从他们明白的道理旁侧引申，将其引向正道。子女劝谏父母，知道他们一定不肯听从，就务必深交父母的好友，或父母亲近信任的人，在他们意想不到的时候进行开导，务必表达出真诚的情意。
老人体内火气衰退，必然容易感到寒冷，又承受不住衣物重量，应当用熟绢软布制作衣服，所填充的花绵，每年更换新的。
父母送终所需的物品，五十岁以后就应该逐渐准备，常以夏天为忧惧之时（担心身体突发变故）。
春季遇到天气突然变暖，不可立即大幅减少棉衣。因为老人气血虚弱、骨骼疏松，风寒容易侵袭，刚过春季时，只应多穿夹衣，遇到暖和的时候，一层层逐渐减少，就不会导致突然受寒受伤。
老人不耐受风，并不是真的不耐受风，只是应当调理气息罢了；年轻人不耐受劳累，并不是真的不耐受劳累，只是应当调理脾胃罢了。
六十岁忌讳行房事，以此来辅助衰弱的身体，所以重视生命本性。
人年五十岁以上，常常出现大便不通利，或者形成痛苦的痢疾。有了这两种疾病，必须经常预防。如果便秘涩滞，适宜多吃葵菜等滑润的食物；如果是下痢，适宜食用姜、韭等温热的蔬菜。老人在四季之中，常宜吃温热食物，不能轻视这一点。
养老的要领，耳朵不听无谓的话，口不说无谓的话，身体不做无谓的动作，心中不起无谓的念头，这些都对老人有益。还应当怀有爱惜之心，每当有诵念祈祷之事，不要让老人听到，这才是精妙的方法。
养老的原则，常想着善事，不想着恶事；常想着生机，不想着杀戮；常想着诚信，不想着欺骗。不要参与赌博游戏，不要强行用力，不要举重物，不要快步行走，不要大喜大怒；不要过度视物，不要过度听声；不要费尽心思，不要过度思考；不要叹息，不要叫喊；不要高歌长啸，不要哭泣啼泣；不要悲伤忧愁，不要哀痛恸哭；不要参加喜庆吊唁活动，不要接待宾客。能像这样做的，可以不得病，长寿是一定的。
老人常要避开大风、大雨、大寒、大暑、大雾、霜、霰、雪、旋风、秽浊之气，能不触犯冒犯的，是大吉祥。
老人居住的居室，必须宽大周密，不能有风吹的缝隙。
Confucius said, "The age of one's parents must not be unknown." The words of the sage encompass a broad scope; if one must wait until after the parents' death to fulfill filial piety only through major funeral affairs, this does not align with the intent of the sages.
A gentleman remarked: Zeng Yuan (Zengzi's son) attended only to the physical needs of his parents. Did Zengzi merely accept such superficial care? It may be due to differences in wealth and frugality, or perhaps because of a specific precious item.
Children's service to their parents does not lie in luxury or wealth; even a single orange can be offered to them. Thus, the proverb says, "If a person loves their parents with the same heart they use to love their children, that is filial piety." However, service that is not reasonable or proper does not constitute filial piety.
In ancient times, there were cases where a chicken was cooked for guests and then served to the mother; people today cannot do this.
If parents speak incorrectly, children should not argue or correct them face-to-face but should wait and explain later. If it does not affect the matter at hand, there is no need to mention it.
For all family matters, children must consult with their parents before acting, so as to avoid going against their wishes. If parents are insistent, even if their decision is slightly flawed, children should reluctantly comply.
If parents are wise and clear-minded, they will naturally treat everyone equally. Or if they show bias and distribute property unevenly, the children should comfort themselves by saying, "This property belongs to the parents." What could be done if they had never possessed it? What if it were lost to fire, water, or thieves? Those unworthy children who complain about their parents, or even refuse to see them for life, how can they still be called children? How base and weak is this behavior!
Everyone has biases, and these biases are most obvious. Those good at guiding rulers and parents will clarify things from the perspective the parents understand and gently guide them toward the right path. When children advise parents and know they will not listen, they should deeply engage the parents' close friends or trusted confidants to intervene unexpectedly and express sincere feelings.
Elderly people have declining fire energy (Yang Qi) and thus feel cold easily; they also cannot bear heavy clothing. Clothes should be made of soft, finished silk or cloth, filled with cotton that is replaced annually.
Items for funeral arrangements should be gradually prepared after age fifty, often with anxiety during summer months.
In spring, when the weather warms suddenly, one should not abruptly reduce cotton clothing. Because elderly people have weak Qi and loose bones, wind and cold easily injure them. Just past spring, one should wear more layered garments, reducing them layer by layer when warm, to avoid sudden injury from cold.
The elderly are intolerant of wind, not because they truly cannot tolerate wind, but because they need to regulate their Qi; young people are intolerant of fatigue, not because they truly cannot endure labor, but because they need to regulate their Spleen.
At sixty, sexual intercourse is taboo to support the weakening body, thus valuing life essence.
People over fifty often suffer from constipation or painful dysentery. These two ailments require constant prevention. For constipation, eating slippery foods like Malva verticillata leaves is suitable; for dysentery, warming vegetables like ginger and leeks are appropriate. Elderly people should generally consume warm food throughout the four seasons and should not neglect this.
The key to caring for the elderly is: ears should not listen to useless talk, mouth should not speak useless words, body should not move uselessly, and mind should not harbor useless thoughts. All these benefit the elderly. One should also cherish life; whenever prayers or recitations occur, ensure the elderly do not hear them. This is the subtle essence.
The way of caring for the elderly involves constantly thinking of goodness, not evil; thinking of life, not killing; thinking of trust, not deception. Do not gamble, force strength, lift heavy objects, walk quickly, experience extreme joy or anger; do not strain eyes or ears; do not exert excessive mental effort or worry excessively; do not sigh or shout; do not sing loudly or weep bitterly; do not grieve or mourn deeply; do not attend celebrations or funerals, nor receive guests. Those who can act thus will likely avoid illness and surely achieve longevity.
The elderly should frequently avoid strong winds, heavy rain, extreme cold, extreme heat, thick fog, frost, sleet, snow, whirlwinds, and foul air. Avoiding contact with these is great auspiciousness.
The rooms where the elderly live must be spacious and tight-sealed, preventing any drafts.
The elderly must understand dietary regulation and rest, adjust the body through massage, shake limbs and joints, practice Daoyin (guiding and pulling) to circulate Qi, and must not kill living creatures in front of them, as part of their nurturing regimen.