气有余,先天时而至行化;气不足,后天时而至行化。
运化宜精别,其行气后先。后天从不及,太过主先天。
胜复同兮不及年,运衰胜己必加愆。母仇子旺还当复,子化随时反胜焉。如丁年木不及,金
清化来胜,则子火为复,反热化胜金,余仿此。
\r运化胜复同图\ps127a23.bmp\r
司天在泉四间气,纪步各主六十日八十七刻半。客行天令,居于主气之上,故有温凉、寒暑、
瞑、明晦、风雨、霜雪、电雹、雷霆不同之化。其春温夏暑秋凉年寒四时之正令,岂能全为运
与气所夺,则当其时自有微甚之变矣。布此六十客气列于主位之下者,使知其气之所在之大法也。
其天符、岁会、平气、支干逆顺,气与运相生相克、客胜主胜、灾化分野、交时先后、淫胜
郁复、嘉祥灾变,各各不同,而六气极则过亢,灾害生矣。故气极则反,由是所承之气居下以乘
之,经所谓相火之下,水气承之是也。又有中见之气从之,经所谓少阳之上,火气治之,中见厥
阴是也。盖阳极则阴生,阴极则阳生,斯五行相济之妙用也。其中见者,乃手足经六合脏腑相乘
之化是也。在天地间气自应之矣。
五行阴阳之气,以布八方。盖天气降而下,地气迁而上;地之气静而常,天之气动而变。其
六气之源则同,
六气之绪则异,何哉?盖天之气始于少阴,而终于厥阴,经曰少阴所谓标,厥阴所谓终是也。地
之气始于厥阴木,而终太阳水,经曰显明之右,君火之位是也。
故天之六元气反合地十二支,以五行正化对化为其绪,则少阴司子午,太阴司丑未,少阳司
寅申,阳明司卯酉,太阳司辰戌,厥阴司巳亥。天气终始之因如是而已。
地之六气反合天之四时,风热暑湿燥寒为绪,则厥阴风木主春,少阴君火主春末夏初,少阳
相火主夏,太阴湿土主长夏,阳明燥金主秋,太阳寒水主冬。地气终始之因如是而已。
经曰∶天有阴阳,地亦有阴阳者,乃上下相临也。天气动而不息,故五岁而右迁。地气静而
守位,天气不加于君火,则五岁而余一气,右迁相火之上,以君火不立岁故也。地之纪五岁一周,
天之纪六期一备。五岁一周,则五行之气遍;六期一备,则六气之位周。与干加支之绪小同,取
阴阳相错,上下相乘,毕其纪之之意也。以五六相合,故三十年一纪,则六十年矣。
气有余,则顺应先天之时而进行气化运行;气不足,则顺应后天之时而进行气化运行。
运化的辨别应当精细,其气行的先后顺序不同。运气不及者从后天之时,太过者主先天之时。
胜气和复气同时出现于不及之年,运衰则克制自己的气必然加临致病。母气被仇视(克),子气旺盛便会进行报复,子气随季节变化反而胜过母气。例如丁年木运不及,金气的清肃化生来克制它,那么子气火气就会进行报复,反而以热化胜金,其余年份仿照此理。
司天、在泉及四间气,每步各主管六十日八十七刻半。客气行使天的命令,居于主气之上,所以有温凉、寒暑、昼夜、明晦、风雨、霜雪、电雹、雷霆等不同性质的气化表现。那春温、夏暑、秋凉、冬寒四季的正令,难道能完全被运和气所剥夺吗?所以在当时自有轻微或显著的变化。将这些六十日的客气排列在主位之下,是为了让人们掌握判断气所在的大法。
至于天符、岁会、平气、干支逆顺,气与运相生相克、客胜主胜、灾害分野、交时先后、淫胜郁复、吉祥灾变,各自各不相同,而六气极盛则过亢,灾害便产生了。所以气极则反,因此所承继的气居下以制约它,经书所说“相火之下,水气承之”就是这种道理。又有中见之气随之,经书所说“少阳之上,火气治之,中见厥阴”就是这种道理。大概阳极则阴生,阴极则阳生,这是五行相互济助的妙用。其中见之气,乃是手足经脉六合脏腑相互乘袭的气化表现。在天地间,气自然相应。
五行阴阳之气,分布于八方。天气下降,地气上升;地气静止而恒定,天气运动而变化。六气的源头相同,但六气的绪流却不同,为什么呢?因为天气始于少阴(君火),终于厥阴(风木),经书说“少阴所谓标,厥阴所谓终”。地气始于厥阴(风木),终于太阳(寒水),经书说“显明之右,君火之位是也”。
所以天之六元气反过来配合地的十二地支,以五行的正化和对化为其绪流,那么少阴主管子午年,太阴主管丑未年,少阳主管寅申年,阳明主管卯酉年,太阳主管辰戌年,厥阴主管巳亥年。天气终始的原因就是这样。
地之六气反过来配合天的四时,风、热、暑、湿、燥、寒为绪流,那么厥阴风木主春,少阴君火主春末夏初,少阳相火主夏,太阴湿土主长夏,阳明燥金主秋,太阳寒水主冬。地气终始的原因就是这样。
经书说:“天有阴阳,地亦有阴阳”,这是上下相临的关系。天气运动而不停息,所以五年向右迁移一位。地气静止而坚守位置,天气不加于君火,则五年余一气,向右迁移到相火之上,因为君火不单独立岁。地的纪年五年一周,天的纪年六期一备。五年一周,则五行之气遍行;六期一备,则六气之位周遍。这与干加支的绪流略有相同,取阴阳交错,上下相乘,完成其纪年的意思。以五和六相合,所以三十年为一纪,即六十年了。
When Qi is in excess, it follows the time of Xiantian (Prior Heaven) to undergo transformation and movement; when Qi is deficient, it follows the time of Houtian (Posterior Heaven) to undergo transformation and movement.
The transformation should be distinguished with precision, regarding the precedence or sequence of Qi movement. Deficiency in Yun (Five Movements) follows Houtian timing, while Excess leads with Xiantian timing.
Sheng (Overcoming) and Fu (Rebounding) occur together in years of deficiency. When Yun declines, the element that overcomes it will inevitably cause pathology. If the Mother element is overcome by its enemy, the Son element, being prosperous, will rebound. The Son's transformation follows the season and may overcome the Mother instead. For example, in a Ding year, Wood Yun is deficient; Metal Qi's clear transformation overcomes it, so the Son Fire Qi rebounds, overcoming Metal with heat transformation. The rest follow this pattern.
Sitan (Heavenly Ruler), Zaiquan (Earthly Ruler), and the four intermediate Qi each govern 60 days and 87.5 ke. Guest Qi executes Heavenly commands and resides above Host Qi, resulting in different transformations such as warmth and coolness, cold and heat, day and night, brightness and darkness, wind and rain, frost and snow, lightning and hail, thunder and lightning. Can the normal seasonal commands of Spring Warmth, Summer Heat, Autumn Coolness, and Winter Cold be entirely deprived by Yun and Qi? No, there are subtle or significant variations at their respective times. Arranging these 60-day Guest Qi under the Host positions allows one to grasp the general method of knowing where the Qi resides.
Regarding Tianfu (Heavenly符), Suihui (Year Meeting), Pingqi (Balanced Qi), and the favorable/unfavorable relationship of Stems and Branches, the mutual generation and restriction between Qi and Yun, Guest overcoming Host, disaster zones, the sequence of time transitions, excessive overcoming and depression rebounding, auspicious signs and disasters, all differ. However, when the Six Qi reach extremity, they become hyperactive, and disasters arise. Thus, when Qi reaches extremity, it reverses; therefore, the Qi that supports it resides below to restrain it, as stated in the classics: "Below Ministerial Fire, Water Qi supports it." There is also Zhongjian Qi (Intermediate Revealing Qi) following it, as stated: "Above Shaoyang, Fire Qi governs, with Jueyin as the Intermediate Revealing Qi." Generally, when Yang reaches extremity, Yin is born; when Yin reaches extremity, Yang is born. This is the wonderful function of the mutual assistance of the Five Elements. The Zhongjian Qi refers to the transformation of mutual overcoming among the six pairs of Hand-Foot meridians and Zang-Fu organs. In heaven and earth, Qi naturally responds.
The Qi of the Five Elements and Yin-Yang distributes across the eight directions. Heavenly Qi descends, Earthly Qi ascends; Earthly Qi is static and constant, while Heavenly Qi is dynamic and changing. The source of the Six Qi is the same, but their sequences differ. Why? Because Heavenly Qi begins with Shaoyin (Ministerial Fire) and ends with Jueyin (Wind-Wood). The classics say: "Shaoyin is called the Mark, Jueyin is called the End." Earthly Qi begins with Jueyin (Wind-Wood) and ends with Taiyang (Cold-Water). The classics say: "To the right of the Bright Manifestation is the position of Sovereign Fire."
Thus, the Six Primal Qi of Heaven correspond inversely to the Twelve Earthly Branches of Earth, using the proper and counter transformations of the Five Elements as their sequence. Shaoyin governs Zi and Wu years, Taiyin governs Chou and Wei years, Shaoyang governs Yin and Shen years, Yangming governs Mao and You years, Taiyang governs Chen and Xu years, and Jueyin governs Si and Hai years. Such is the reason for the beginning and end of Heavenly Qi.
The Six Qi of Earth correspond inversely to the Four Seasons of Heaven, with Wind, Heat, Summer Heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Cold as their sequence. Jueyin Wind-Wood governs Spring, Shaoyin Sovereign Fire governs late Spring and early Summer, Shaoyang Ministerial Fire governs Summer, Taiyin Damp-Earth governs Late Summer, Yangming Dry-Metal governs Autumn, and Taiyang Cold-Water governs Winter. Such is the reason for the beginning and end of Earthly Qi.
The classics say: "Heaven has Yin and Yang, and Earth also has Yin and Yang," referring to the mutual approach of upper and lower. Heavenly Qi moves and does not cease, thus shifting right every five years. Earthly Qi is static and holds its position. Heavenly Qi does not add to Sovereign Fire, so after five years, one Qi remains, shifting right above Ministerial Fire, because Sovereign Fire does not stand alone as a year. The cycle of Earth lasts five years for one revolution, while the cycle of Heaven lasts six periods for completion. A five-year cycle means the Qi of the Five Elements pervades; a six-period completion means the positions of the Six Qi are complete. This is slightly similar to the sequence of Stem adding to Branch, taking the interlacing of Yin and Yang and the mutual multiplication of upper and lower to complete the meaning of the cycle. By combining five and six, thirty years constitute one Ji (cycle), making sixty years.