治伤寒表未解，或心悸而烦，或腹中急痛，而脉阳涩阴弦者。
桂枝（三两） 芍药（六两） 甘草（三两） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十二枚） 胶饴
（一
升）
上六味，水七升，煮取三升，去滓，纳胶饴，更上微火消解，分三服。
柯韵伯曰∶桂枝汤为治表而设，佐以芍药者，以自汗故耳。自汗本表证，而所以自汗者，
因
发
不补不泻，惟甘以缓之，微酸以收之，故名曰建耳。所谓中者有二∶一心中悸而烦，烦则为
热，悸则为虚，是方辛甘以散太阳之热，酸苦以滋少阴之虚，是建膻中之宫城也；一腹中急
痛，急则为热，痛则为虚，是方辛以散厥阴之邪，甘以缓肝家之急，苦以泻少阳之火，酸以
致太阴之液，是建中州之都会也。若夫中气不足，劳倦所伤，非风寒外袭者，《金匮》加黄
，以固腠理而护皮毛，则亡血失精之症自宁。此阳密乃固之理也。
（附茵陈五苓散）
治脉浮，小便不利，热微，消渴者；发汗已，脉浮数，烦渴者；中风发热，六七日不解
而烦
茯苓（十八铢） 猪苓（十八铢） 白术（十八铢） 泽泻（一两） 桂枝（五钱）
上五味为末，以白饮和，服方寸匕，日三服。
程郊倩曰∶标邪传入膀胱，是为犯本。其人必渴，必小便不利，宜可消水矣。（此伤寒
五苓
水，致
取其
液，
止而
为脉
赵羽皇曰∶人身之水有二，一为真水，一为客水。真水者，即天乙之所主；客水者，即
食饮
降，
水饮
也。
怠，
泛流
培土
能化
。先哲有曰∶水之
无火则水不行。
罗东逸曰∶伤寒之用五苓，允为太阳寒邪犯本，热在膀胱，故以五苓利水泻热。然用桂
枝者，所以宣邪而
以君之，而虚寒之
积黄瘅。盖土虚则
旺中州，利膀胱
治疗伤寒表证未解，或者出现心悸且烦躁，或者腹中拘急疼痛，且脉象表现为阳部涩、阴部弦的病症。
桂枝（三两） 芍药（六两） 甘草（三两） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十二枚） 饴糖（一升）
以上六味药，用水七升，煎煮至三升，滤去药渣，加入饴糖，再用微火加热使其溶解，分三次服用。
柯韵伯说：桂枝汤（Cinnamon Twig Decoction）是为治疗表证而设的，佐以芍药（White Peony Root），是因为患者有自汗的症状。自汗本属表证，但导致自汗的原因，在于发汗后正气受损，既非实证需泻，也非纯虚需补，唯有用甘味药来缓急，用微酸味的芍药来收敛，所以名为“建中”。所谓“建中”有两层含义：一是心中悸动且烦躁，烦躁则代表有热，悸动则代表有虚，此方用辛甘之品发散太阳经的热邪，用酸苦之品滋养少阴经的虚损，这是建立膻中穴所在的心包宫城；二是腹中拘急疼痛，拘急则代表有热，疼痛则代表有虚，此方用辛味发散厥阴经的邪气，用甘味缓解肝家的急迫，用苦味泻少阳经的火邪，用酸味生发太阴经的津液，这是建立中焦脾胃这一枢纽。如果是中气不足，因劳累倦怠所伤，而非风寒外袭的情况，《金匮要略》中在此方基础上加黄芪（Astragalus Root），以固密腠理并保护皮毛，那么亡血失精的病症自然安宁。这就是阳气致密才能固护体表的道理。
（附茵陈五苓散 Yinchen Wuling San / Coix Seed and Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria Decoction）
治疗脉象浮，小便不通利，发热轻微，伴有口渴症状的；或者发汗后，脉象仍浮数，心烦口渴的；或者中风发热，经过六七天仍未解除且出现烦躁的。
茯苓（Poria, 十八铢） 猪苓（Polyporus, 十八铢） 白术（Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 十八铢） 泽泻（Alismatis Rhizoma, 一两） 桂枝（Cinnamomi Ramulus, 五钱）
以上五味药研成细末，用米汤调和，每次服用一方寸匕，每日服用三次。
程郊倩说：标邪传入膀胱，这是侵犯了本脏。患者必定口渴，必定小便不利，适宜使用消水利尿的方法。（此处原文残缺，意指伤寒五苓散主治水饮内停……）
赵羽皇说：人体内的水分为两种，一种是真水，一种是客水。真水，即由天乙（指肾或先天之本）所主；客水，即饮食摄入的水液。若水液代谢失常，停滞为患，则会导致身体怠倦，水饮泛流。先哲曾说：水的运行需要火的温煦，没有火则水不能流动。
罗东逸说：伤寒病中使用五苓散（Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria），确实是针对太阳寒邪侵犯本脏，热在膀胱，所以用五苓散利水以泻热。然而使用桂枝（Cinnamomi Ramulus），是为了宣通邪气……（此处原文残缺，后续涉及土虚湿盛、黄疸等论述）。
Treats conditions where the exterior syndrome of Shanghan (Cold Damage) has not yet resolved, accompanied by palpitations and irritability, or acute abdominal pain, with a pulse that is choppy at the superficial position (Yang) and string-like at the deep position (Yin).
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction): Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 3 liang), White Peony Root (Shaoyao, 6 liang), Licorice Root (Gancao, 3 liang), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 3 liang), Jujube (Dazao, 12 pieces), Maltose (Jiaoyi, 1 sheng).
Take the above six ingredients, add seven sheng of water, decoct to obtain three sheng, remove the dregs, add the maltose, and heat gently over a low fire until dissolved. Divide into three doses.
Ke Yunbo stated: Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is designed to treat exterior syndromes. The addition of Shaoyao (White Peony Root) is due to spontaneous sweating. Spontaneous sweating is inherently an exterior syndrome, but the cause of this sweating, following improper sweating therapy, involves neither excess requiring purging nor pure deficiency requiring tonification alone. Instead, it requires sweet flavors to moderate tension and slightly sour flavors (from Shaoyao) to astringe. Hence, it is named "Jian Zhong" (Establishing the Middle). There are two aspects to "Establishing the Middle": First, palpitations in the heart with irritability; irritability indicates heat, while palpitations indicate deficiency. This formula uses acrid-sweet combinations to disperse heat from the Taiyang channel and sour-bitter combinations to nourish the deficiency of the Shaoyin channel, thereby establishing the palace city of the Danzhong (Pericardium). Second, acute abdominal pain; urgency indicates heat, while pain indicates deficiency. This formula uses acrid flavors to disperse pathogenic factors from the Jueyin channel, sweet flavors to relieve the urgency of the Liver, bitter flavors to drain fire from the Shaoyang, and sour flavors to generate fluids for the Taiyin, thereby establishing the hub of the Middle Jiao (Spleen and Stomach). In cases of insufficient Middle Qi injured by fatigue rather than external wind-cold, the *Jinkui Yaolue* adds Huangqi (Astragalus Root) to secure the Couli (pores) and protect the skin, allowing symptoms of blood loss and essence depletion to settle. This illustrates the principle that when Yang Qi is dense, the exterior is secured.
(Attached: Yincheng Wuling San / Coix Seed and Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria Decoction)
Treats conditions with a floating pulse, difficulty in urination, slight fever, and excessive thirst; or after sweating therapy, if the pulse remains floating and rapid with irritability and extreme thirst; or wind-strike with fever persisting for six to seven days without resolution, accompanied by irritability.
Fuling (Poria, 18 zhu), Zhuling (Polyporus, 18 zhu), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 18 zhu), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 1 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 5 qian).
Grind the above five herbs into powder. Mix with rice water and take one fangcun bi per dose, three times daily.
Cheng Jiaoqian stated: When superficial pathogens transmit to the Bladder, they invade the root organ. The patient will certainly experience thirst and difficulty in urination, making diuretic therapy appropriate. (Text fragmentary regarding Shanghan Wuling San indications...)
Zhao Yuhuang stated: Water in the human body exists in two forms: True Water and Guest Water. True Water is governed by Tianyi (the Kidney/Pre-heaven); Guest Water refers to ingested fluids. If fluid metabolism fails, stagnation occurs, leading to lethargy and wandering fluid retention. Ancient sages said: Water requires Fire to move; without Fire, water does not flow.
Luo Dongyi stated: The use of Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) in Shanghan is indeed for Taiyang cold pathogens invading the root, with heat in the Bladder, thus using the formula to promote urination and drain heat. However, the inclusion of Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) serves to ventilate and expel pathogens... (Text fragmentary, continuing with discussions on Spleen deficiency, dampness, and jaundice).