风者，以病因而为名者也。痹与痿，以病形而为名者也。夫风为六淫之长，痹则三气杂
合，
故有以风痹同称者。因其病形之相似也。痹与痿，俱有筋骨皮肉脉五者之分，又俱有气血不
行，肌肉不仁，四肢不用等证，故有以痹痿同称者，因其病形之相似也。至于风与痿，则不
可概而称，又不可概而治，此丹溪所以斥《局方》之非，正千古之误。而徐彦纯特分风痿为
二门，有功于来学不小。虽然，宁独风与痹不可混，即风证与痿皆不可混。如风证之四肢不
用，分左瘫为血虚为痰，右痪为气虚有痰。痹证之四肢不用，乃湿土化，重着不移，伤于风
，则阳受之，感于风寒湿，则阴受之，是风与痹之不可混而称，亦不可混而治也。痹者，三
气杂至，为外来有余之邪，法当疏风散寒利湿为主，则气行血顺而愈。痿则积虚内热，而后
病
及于脏，为内生不足之证，法当独取阳明，或兼泻南补北，则气升血旺而愈，是痹于痿之不
可混而称，亦不可混而治也。然则三者，既不可混，将安别之？亦在夫脉与证相参而已。如
因中风卒倒之后，以至半身不遂，或手足不随，兼有痰不语，口眼歪斜等证，虽有气虚血虚
之分，然留而不去，其病则实。此风证也。其脉必浮而滑。如因汗出当风，坐卧卑湿，涉水
冲寒，以至骨节疼痛，皮肤不仁，肢体重着，四肢缓纵引急等证，虽与风证同系外邪，然引
痛重着，自有三者之状，此痹证也。其脉必紧而涩。如因七情劳役，酒色无节，既非冲寒受
湿之邪，又无卒倒暴厥之证，日渐痿疲，而至精枯髓减，筋骨痿弱，缓纵不收，此痿证也。
其脉必虚而数，明乎此，则三证之不可混，洞若观火，又安得有混治之误哉！
风，是根据病因来命名的疾病。痹证和痿证，是根据病症形态来命名的疾病。风是六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）之首，痹证则是三种邪气混杂结合所致，所以有人将风痹并称，是因为它们的病症形态相似。痹证和痿证，都涉及筋、骨、皮、肉、脉五个方面的病变，也都出现气血运行不畅、肌肉麻木不仁、四肢不能随意运动等症状，所以有人将痹痿并称，也是因为它们的病症形态相似。至于风证与痿证，则不能一概而论地称呼，也不能一概而论地治疗，这就是朱丹溪之所以批评《太平惠民和剂局方》的错误，纠正了千古以来的谬误。而徐彦纯特别将风证和痿证分为两个门类，对后世学者功绩不小。虽然如此，不仅风证与痹证不可混淆，就连风证与痿证也不可混淆。例如风证中的四肢不能运动，左侧瘫痪多因血虚生痰，右侧偏瘫多因气虚有痰。痹证中的四肢不能运动，是由于湿土之气化生，表现为沉重着滞、位置固定不移，若伤于风邪，则阳经受邪；若感受风寒湿邪，则阴经受邪，因此风证与痹证既不能混淆称呼，也不能混淆治疗。痹证，是三种邪气杂合而至，属于外来有余的实邪，治疗方法应当以疏风、散寒、利湿为主，这样气行血顺即可痊愈。痿证，则是积久虚弱导致内热，进而病及脏腑，属于内生不足的虚证，治疗方法应当独取阳明经，或者兼用泻南方心火、补北方肾水的方法，这样气升血旺即可痊愈，因此痹证与痿证既不能混淆称呼，也不能混淆治疗。既然这三者不可混淆，那么如何区分它们呢？关键在于脉象与症状相互参验罢了。例如因中风突然昏倒之后，导致半身不遂，或手足不能随意活动，兼有痰涎壅盛不语、口眼歪斜等症状，虽然有气虚、血虚的区别，但病邪留滞不去，其性质则为实。这是风证。其脉象必定浮而滑。例如因出汗时当风，坐卧低洼潮湿之处，涉水受寒，导致骨节疼痛、皮肤麻木不仁、肢体沉重着滞、四肢松弛无力或牵引拘急等症状，虽然都与风证同属外邪引起，但引痛、沉重着滞自有这三种邪气的特征，这是痹证。其脉象必定紧而涩。例如因七情过激、劳役过度、酒色无节制，既非遭受风寒湿邪侵袭，又无突然昏倒暴厥的症状，日渐出现痿软疲乏，直至精髓枯竭、骨髓减少、筋骨痿弱、松弛无法收持，这是痿证。其脉象必定虚而数。明白了这些道理，那么这三种证候不可混淆，就像看得很清楚一样，又怎么会有混淆治疗的错误呢！
Wind is named according to its etiology. Bi syndrome (Bi Syndrome, obstruction syndrome) and Wei syndrome (Wei Syndrome, flaccidity syndrome) are named according to their clinical manifestations. Wind is the leader of the Six Excesses (Six Pathogenic Factors: wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, dryness, fire), while Bi syndrome results from the mixture of three pathogenic factors; hence, some refer to them together as "Wind-Bi," due to the similarity in their clinical presentations. Both Bi syndrome and Wei syndrome involve the five tissues—tendons, bones, skin, flesh, and vessels—and both present with symptoms such as impaired circulation of Qi and Blood, insensitivity of muscles, and inability to use the limbs. Therefore, some refer to them together as "Bi-Wei," again due to the similarity in their clinical presentations. However, Wind syndrome and Wei syndrome cannot be generalized or treated uniformly. This is why Zhu Danxi criticized the errors in *Ju Fang* (Formulas of the Bureau for the Care of the People's Health), correcting a millennium-old misconception. Xu Yanchun’s specific division of Wind and Wei syndromes into two separate categories has been of great benefit to later scholars. Nevertheless, not only must Wind and Bi syndromes not be confused, but Wind syndrome and Wei syndrome must also not be confused. For instance, in Wind syndrome, the inability to move the limbs is differentiated: left-sided hemiplegia is often due to Blood deficiency generating Phlegm, while right-sided hemiplegia is often due to Qi deficiency with Phlegm. In Bi syndrome, the inability to move the limbs arises from the transformation of Dampness, characterized by heaviness and fixed location. If injured by Wind, the Yang meridians are affected; if exposed to Wind-Cold-Dampness, the Yin meridians are affected. Thus, Wind and Bi syndromes cannot be conflated in name or treatment. Bi syndrome involves the confluence of three pathogenic factors and represents an external excess pathogen; the treatment principle should primarily focus on dispersing Wind, scattering Cold, and promoting diuresis to resolve Dampness, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of Qi and Blood for recovery. Wei syndrome, conversely, stems from chronic deficiency leading to internal heat, subsequently affecting the Zang organs; it is an internal deficiency condition. The treatment principle should primarily select the Yangming channel, or alternatively employ the method of purging the South (Heart/Fire) and tonifying the North (Kidney/Water), thereby raising Qi and enriching Blood for recovery. Consequently, Bi and Wei syndromes cannot be conflated in name or treatment. Given that these three cannot be mixed, how should they be distinguished? It lies in the correlation between pulse diagnosis and clinical signs. For example, after sudden collapse due to Zhong Feng (Wind Stroke), resulting in hemiplegia or limb paralysis, accompanied by Phlegm obstructing the speech and facial deviation, although there may be distinctions between Qi and Blood deficiency, the persistence of the pathogen renders the condition Excess. This is Wind syndrome. The pulse will necessarily be Floating and Slippery. For instance, exposure to wind during sweating, sitting or lying in damp places, or wading through cold water, leading to joint pain, cutaneous insensitivity, limb heaviness, and flaccidity or spasmodic tension in the limbs, although related to external pathogens like Wind, the characteristics of pain and heaviness distinguish it as Bi syndrome. The pulse will necessarily be Tight and Choppy. For example, following excessive emotional stress, overwork, or unrestrained alcohol and sexual activity, without exposure to Cold-Dampness or sudden collapse, presenting with progressive flaccidity and fatigue, eventually leading to depletion of Essence and Marrow, weakness of tendons and bones, and inability to maintain posture, this is Wei syndrome. The pulse will necessarily be Deficient and Rapid. Understanding this makes the distinction among these three syndromes as clear as daylight, eliminating any error in mixed treatment.