论曰伤寒有五，其一为中湿，盖风湿之气，中人为病，发病与温病相类，故曰湿温也。
此因汗出当风，或因取冷过度，致阴湿气袭入肌肤，流传经络，其证喜汗出。关节疼痛，发
热而烦，小便不利，大便反快，是谓中湿。若风湿相搏，则一身尽疼，日晡所剧。湿热相蒸，
则身必熏黄。凡治风湿者，欲其微汗即风气解而湿自去。湿甚者当利其小便，不可大发汗。
大汗则风去湿在，其病不去，亦不可下之。下之早则哕，下之而利不止即死。诊其脉当沉而
细，难经曰∶湿温之脉阳濡而弱，阴小而急，是也。
治湿温病，一身尽疼发热。日晡即剧。此病伤于汗出当风，或久伤取冷所致。麻黄杏仁
薏苡仁甘草汤方
麻黄（去根节三两煎掠去沫） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁三十枚炒） 薏苡仁（一两） 甘草
（炙一
两）
上四味， 咀。每服五钱匕。水一盏半，煎取八分，去滓温服。
治伤寒八九日，风湿相搏。身体疼痛，不能自转侧。不呕不渴，脉浮虚而涩者。桂枝附
子汤主之。若其人大便坚。小便自利者，术附子汤主之。桂枝附子汤方
桂（去粗皮四两） 附子（炮裂去皮脐三枚） 甘草（炙二两）
上三味， 咀，每服五钱匕。水一盏半，入生姜五片。枣二枚劈破，同煎取八分，去滓
热
术附子汤方
附子（炮裂去皮脐三枚） 白术（四两） 甘草（炙二两）
上三味锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕。水一盏半，入生姜五片，枣二枚劈破。煎取七分，去
滓温服，初一服，其人身如痹。半日许复服之，三服后，其人如冒状勿怪。此以附子术并走
皮内，逐水气未得除，故使之然耳。法当加桂四两，此本一方二法。以大便坚小便自利，故
去桂也；以大便不坚，小便不利。当加桂，附子三枚恐多也，虚弱家及产妇，宜减服之。
治风湿相搏，骨节疼烦，掣痛不得伸屈，近之则痛剧。汗出短气，小便不利，恶风不欲
去衣，或身微肿者。甘草附子汤主之方
甘草（炙二两） 附子（炮裂去皮脐二枚） 白术（二两） 桂（去粗皮四两）
上四味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕。以水一盏半，煎取七分，去滓温服，日三服，初
服得微汗则解。能食汗出复烦者，少减服之。千金云∶身肿者，加防己四两；悸气小便不利
者，加茯苓三两，既有附子，今加生姜三两。
治湿家身烦疼，麻黄汤加术四两发其汗为宜，慎不可以火攻之。方
麻黄（去根节三两） 桂（去粗皮二两） 甘草（炙一两） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁七十枚）
白术
（四
上五味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，以水一盏半，煎取七分，去滓温服，取微似汗则
解。
治风湿脉浮，身重汗出恶风者。防己黄 汤主之方
防己（四两） 黄 （五两） 甘草（炙二两） 白术（三两）
上四味， 咀。如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，以水一盏半，入生姜半分拍碎，大枣二枚劈破。
同煎取七分，去滓温服日三，喘者、加麻黄。胃中不和者，加芍药，气上冲者，加桂。下有
陈寒者，加细辛，服后当如虫行皮中，腰以下如冰，后坐被上，又以一被绕腰以下温，令微
汗瘥。
治风湿身体疼痛，恶风微肿。杏仁汤方
杏仁（去皮尖双仁炒二十五枚） 桂（去粗皮） 麻黄（去根节先煮一两沸焙干） 芍
药天
门冬（去心焙各一两）
上五味， 咀，如麻豆大，每服五钱匕。水一盏半，入生姜半分切，煎取七分，去滓温
服，不拘时候。
治湿温伤寒，身凉脉短，逐日有汗者，下虚上攻，头目昏痛。温风丸方
白附子 阳起石 滑石（各一两） 寒水石（四两烧）
上四味，捣研为末，用糯米粥饮和丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，用荆芥木香汤下。
治湿温伤寒四五日后，汗出肢体冷。安息香丸方
安息香（一分） 五灵脂（二两半） 麻黄（去根节半两） 附子尖（七个） 巴豆（去
皮醋煮
半两）
上五味，捣罗四味为末，研巴豆为膏，入众药，丸如弹子大，每服一丸，麸炭上烧存性，
生
论述说：伤寒分为五种，其中一种是中湿。这是由于风湿之气侵袭人体致病，其发病表现与温病相似，所以称为湿温。
这通常是因为出汗时吹了风，或者过度贪凉，导致阴湿之气侵入肌肤，流传于经络。其症状表现为喜欢出汗，关节疼痛，发热且心烦，小便不通利，大便反而稀溏，这叫做中湿。如果风湿相互搏结，则全身都疼痛，在傍晚时分加重。如果湿热相互蒸腾，身体一定会出现熏黄的症状。凡是治疗风湿的，希望患者微微出汗，这样风气解散而湿气自然去除。湿气重的应当通利小便，不可大发汗。大汗淋漓则风邪虽去但湿气仍在，病不能痊愈；也不可过早使用泻下法。过早泻下会导致呃逆，如果泻下后腹泻不止则会死亡。诊察其脉象应当沉细。《难经》说：湿温的脉象，阳部（寸）濡软而弱，阴部（尺）细小而急，正是这种情况。
治疗湿温病，全身疼痛，发热，傍晚时分加重。此病是由于出汗时吹了风，或长期贪凉所致。用麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤方。
麻黄（去掉根和节三两，煎煮时撇去浮沫） 杏仁（去掉皮尖，双仁三十枚，炒） 薏苡仁（一两） 甘草（炙制一两）
以上四味药，切碎。每次服用五钱匕。用水一盏半，煎取八分，去渣，温服。
治疗伤寒经过八九日，风湿相互搏结。身体疼痛，不能自行翻身转动。不呕吐，不口渴，脉象浮虚而涩的。用桂枝附子汤主治。如果此人大便干硬，小便自利的，用术附子汤主治。桂枝附子汤方：
桂枝（去掉粗皮四两） 附子（炮裂，去掉皮和脐三枚） 甘草（炙制二两）
以上三味药，切碎，每次服用五钱匕。用水一盏半，放入生姜五片，大枣二枚劈破，同煎取八分，去渣，热服。
术附子汤方：
附子（炮裂，去掉皮和脐三枚） 白术（四两） 甘草（炙制二两）
以上三味药锉成如麻豆大小的颗粒，每次服用五钱匕。用水一盏半，放入生姜五片，大枣二枚劈破。煎取七分，去渣，温服。第一次服药后，如果病人感觉身体麻木像痹症一样，约半小时后再服一次，三次服药后，如果病人感觉头晕目眩不要奇怪。这是因为附子和白术共同作用于皮内，驱逐水气尚未完全清除，所以导致这种现象。按照法则应当加桂枝四两，这原本是一个方剂两种用法。因为大便干硬、小便自利，所以去掉桂枝；因为大便不干硬、小便不利，应当加桂枝。附子三枚恐怕剂量过大，体虚的人及产妇，应当减少服用量。
治疗风湿相互搏结，骨节疼痛烦扰，牵掣痛得不能伸展弯曲，靠近则疼痛剧烈。出汗短气，小便不利，怕风不想脱衣，或者身体轻微浮肿的。用甘草附子汤主治。方：
甘草（炙制二两） 附子（炮裂，去掉皮和脐二枚） 白术（二两） 桂枝（去掉粗皮四两）
以上四味药，锉成如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕。用水一盏半，煎取七分，去渣，温服，每日三次。初次服药得到微微出汗则病解。如果能进食但出汗后又感到烦躁的，减少服用量。《千金方》说：身体浮肿的，加防己四两；心悸气短、小便不利的，加茯苓三两，既然已有附子，现在加生姜三两。
治疗湿病患者身体烦疼，用麻黄汤加白术四两发汗为宜，千万不要用火攻法。方：
麻黄（去掉根和节三两） 桂枝（去掉粗皮二两） 甘草（炙制一两） 杏仁（去掉皮尖双仁七十枚） 白术（四两）
以上五味药，锉成如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，煎取七分，去渣，温服，取得微微似有汗出的效果则病解。
以上四味药，切碎，如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，放入生姜半分拍碎，大枣二枚劈破。同煎取七分，去渣，温服，每日三次。气喘的，加麻黄。胃中不和的，加芍药。气上冲的，加桂枝。下有陈寒的，加细辛。服药后应当感觉像虫子在皮肤中爬行，腰部以下像冰一样冷，之后坐在被子上，再用一条被子围绕腰部以下保暖，令其微微出汗则病愈。
杏仁（去掉皮尖双仁炒二十五枚） 桂枝（去掉粗皮） 麻黄（去掉根节先煮一两沸焙干） 芍药 天门冬（去掉心焙干各一两）
以上五味药，切碎，如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕。用水一盏半，放入生姜半分切，煎取七分，去渣，温服，不拘时候。
治疗湿温伤寒，身体凉爽脉短，每天有汗出的，这是下虚上攻，头目昏痛。用温风丸方：
以上四味药，捣碎研为末，用糯米粥饮调和做成丸，如梧桐子大，每次服用二十丸，用荆芥木香汤送下。
安息香（一分） 五灵脂（二两半） 麻黄（去掉根节半两） 附子尖（七个） 巴豆（去皮醋煮半两）
以上五味药，捣罗四味为末，研巴豆为膏，加入众药，做成如弹子大的丸，每次服用一丸，在麸炭上烧至存性，生
It is stated that Shanghan (Cold Damage) comprises five types, one of which is Zhongshi (Struck by Dampness). This occurs when Wind-Damp pathogenic factors invade the human body to cause disease. Its onset resembles that of Wenbing (Warm Diseases), hence it is called Shiwen (Damp-Warmth).
This condition typically arises from exposure to wind while sweating, or from excessive indulgence in cold, leading to Yin-Dampness invading the skin and muscles and spreading through the meridians. The manifestations include a tendency to sweat, joint pain, fever accompanied by irritability, dysuria, and loose stools. This is termed Zhongshi. If Wind and Dampness contend with each other, the entire body will ache, worsening in the late afternoon. If Damp-Heat steams and蒸 (vaporizes), the body will inevitably turn sallow yellow. In treating Wind-Damp, mild diaphoresis is desired so that the Wind pathogen dissipates and Dampness naturally resolves. For severe Dampness, promoting urination is indicated; vigorous diaphoresis should be avoided. Profuse sweating expels Wind but leaves Dampness behind, failing to cure the disease. Purging should also not be used prematurely. Premature purging may lead to hiccups, and if diarrhea persists after purging, death may ensue. The pulse should be examined as deep and fine. The Nan Jing states: "The pulse of Shiwen is superficially soggy and weak, and deeply small and rapid," which corresponds to this condition.
For treating Shiwen characterized by generalized body pain, fever, and exacerbation in the late afternoon—caused by wind exposure during sweating or long-term cold indulgence—use Mahuang Xingyi Yiyiren Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Seed, Coix Seed, and Licorice Decoction).
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, root and nodes removed, 3 liang, boiled and scum removed); Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peel and tip removed, double-kernel, 30 seeds, stir-fried); Yiyiren (Coicis Semen, 1 liang); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 liang).
The above four ingredients are cut into pieces. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct until 0.8 sheng remains, strain, and take warm.
For Shanghan persisting for eight or nine days with Wind-Damp contention, manifesting as body pain, inability to turn over independently, no vomiting, no thirst, and a floating, deficient, and choppy pulse, Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is the primary treatment. If the patient has dry stool and spontaneous urination, Shu Fuzi Tang (Atractylodes Macrocephala and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.
Guizhi Fuzi Tang Formula:
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, bark removed, 4 liang); Fuzii Praeparata (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, peel and navel removed, 3 pieces); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang).
The above three ingredients are cut into pieces. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, 5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 2 fractured Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus). Decoct together until 0.8 sheng remains, strain, and take hot.
Shu Fuzi Tang Formula:
Fuzii Praeparata (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, peel and navel removed, 3 pieces); Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 4 liang); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang).
The above three ingredients are chopped like hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, 5 slices of Shengjiang, and 2 fractured Dazao. Decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm. After the first dose, if the patient feels numbness akin to Bi syndrome, administer again after half a day. After three doses, if the patient experiences dizziness, do not be alarmed. This is because Fuzi and Baizhu act on the skin interior to drive out water qi, which has not yet been fully eliminated. According to the method, Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 4 liang should be added. This was originally one formula with two methods. Because the stool is hard and urine is clear, Guizhi is removed; because the stool is not hard and urination is difficult, Guizhi should be added. Three pieces of Fuzi may be too much; patients with deficiency or pregnant women should reduce the dosage.
For Wind-Damp contention causing painful and vexing joints, pulling pain preventing flexion and extension, severe pain upon touch, sweating, shortness of breath, dysuria, aversion to wind with reluctance to remove clothing, or slight edema, Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.
Formula:
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang); Fuzii Praeparata (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, peel and navel removed, 2 pieces); Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 2 liang); Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, bark removed, 4 liang).
The above four ingredients are chopped like hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm, three times daily. Mild sweating after the first dose indicates resolution. If the patient can eat but becomes irritable after sweating, reduce the dosage. Qianjin Fang states: For edema, add Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) 4 liang; for palpitations and dysuria, add Fuling (Poria) 3 liang. Since Fuzi is already present, add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 liang now.
For damp-patients with vexing body pain, using Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) with an addition of Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 4 liang to induce sweating is appropriate. Fire therapy must be strictly avoided.
Formula:
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, root and nodes removed, 3 liang); Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, bark removed, 2 liang); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 liang); Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peel and tip removed, double-kernel, 70 seeds); Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 4 liang).
The above five ingredients are chopped like hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm. Resolution occurs with mild sweating.
For Wind-Damp with a floating pulse, heaviness of the body, sweating, and aversion to wind, Fangji Huangqi Tang (Stephania and Astragalus Decoction) is indicated.
Formula:
Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, 4 liang); Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 5 liang); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 liang); Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 3 liang).
The above four ingredients are cut like hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, 0.5 fen of crushed Shengjiang, and 2 fractured Dazao. Decoct together until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm, three times daily. For asthma, add Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba). For stomach disharmony, add Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba). For rising Qi, add Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus). For chronic cold below, add Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma). After taking the medicine, a sensation like insects crawling under the skin is expected, and the lower waist may feel cold as ice. Sit on a quilt afterwards, wrap another quilt around the lower waist for warmth, and induce mild sweating for recovery.
For Wind-Damp causing body pain, aversion to wind, and slight edema, Xingren Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction) is indicated.
Formula:
Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peel and tip removed, double-kernel, stir-fried, 25 seeds); Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, bark removed); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, root and nodes removed, boiled for one boil then dried); Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba); Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, heart removed, dried, 1 liang each).
The above five ingredients are cut like hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose. Add 1.5 sheng of water, 0.5 fen of sliced Shengjiang. Decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm at any time.
For Shiwen Shanghan presenting with cool body, short pulse, daily sweating, due to deficiency below attacking upwards causing dizziness and headache, Wenfeng Wan (Warming Wind Pill) is indicated.
Formula:
Baifuzi (Typhonii Rhizoma); Yangqishi (Leucogypi Concha); Huashi (Talcum), each 1 liang; Hanshuishi (Borax Calcitritum, 4 liang, calcined).
The above four ingredients are pounded and ground into powder. Mix with rice porridge drink to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, washed down with Jingjie (Perillae Folium) and Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) decoction.
For Shiwen Shanghan occurring four to five days later, presenting with sweating and cold limbs, Anshixiang Wan (Ambrosiae Resina Pill) is indicated.
Formula:
Anshixiang (Agarwood Resin, 1 fen); Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Faeces, 2.5 liang); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, root and nodes removed, 0.5 liang); Fuzijian (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata tips, 7 pieces); Badou (Crotonis Fructus, peel removed, vinegar-boiled, 0.5 liang).
The above five ingredients: Pound and sieve four ingredients into powder, grind Badou into paste, mix with other medicines, and form pills the size of bullet seeds. Take one pill per dose, burn on bran charcoal until carbonized but retaining efficacy, raw...