论曰大肠者，传泻行导之腑也，其气盛实，燥热生焉，传泻不利，肠中痛如锥刀所刺，
或生鼠乳，肿胀疼闷，大便不通，腹胁胀满，腰背重痛，上气喘急，皆大肠气实之证也。
治大肠实热，大便不通，腹胁胀满，腰背重痛，上气喘满，生姜泄肠汤方
生姜（切焙） 陈橘皮（去白焙） 青竹茹 白术 黄芩（去黑心） 栀子仁（各一
两半） 桂（去粗皮
上九味，锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，枣一枚劈破，煎至一盏，去滓入芒硝末
一钱匕，再煎一沸，温服。
治大肠实热，大便不通，上气喘咳，心神烦闷，杏仁汤方
杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒） 甘草（炙锉各一两） 赤芍药 麦门冬（去心焙） 黄芩
（去黑心） 细辛
上九味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至六分，去滓食前温服。
治大肠热满肠中切痛，或生鼠乳，大便不通，大青汤方
大青（锉三分） 麻黄（去根节） 石膏（碎） 芒硝 黄柏（去粗皮） 生干地黄（焙
各一两半） 枳壳（麸
上八味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏半，苦竹叶十片，煎至八分，去滓温服，日三。
治气壅大肠风热，大便不通，神功丸方
大黄（三两） 人参（半两） 麻子仁（研五两） 诃黎勒皮（炮二两）
上四味，捣研为细末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，温水下，日三，以通为度。
治大肠实热，令人气凭满，茯苓麻黄汤方
白茯苓（去黑皮） 麻黄（去根节各一两半） 黄 （锉） 大青（锉） 桂（去粗皮
各三分） 细辛（去苗叶） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒各一两一分） 石膏（二两碎） 丹
参（半两） 五味子 甘草（炙锉） 贝母 陈橘皮（去白焙干） 芎 （各一两） 枳实
（麸炒三枚）
上一十五味，粗捣筛，帛裹三钱匕，井华水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓温服，日再。
治大肠风热壅实，便秘不通，腹胁胀闷，威灵仙丸方
威灵仙（去土） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 青橘皮（去白焙各一两） 防风（去叉） 牵牛
子（炒） 郁李仁（汤
上八味，捣罗为末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，温水下，加至三十丸，以知为度
治大肠秘热，心胸烦躁，头痛便难，腹胁胀满，口舌干燥，大黄丸方
大黄（炮锉半两） 桔梗（炒） 枳壳（麸炒去瓤） 芎 羌活（去芦头） 木香 柴
胡（去苗） 独活（去
上九味，捣罗为末，熟煮莱菔，入药末，同于木臼内捣令丸得为度，丸如梧桐子大，每
服三十丸，食后临卧熟汤下，加至四十丸。
治大肠热咳，胁满掌中热，橘皮汤方
陈橘皮（去白焙） 芒硝 紫苏叶（各一两半） 白术（一两） 甘草（炙锉） 桂（去
粗皮各半两） 石膏
上八味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏半，淡竹叶十片，葱白四寸拍破，煎至八分，去
滓温服，日三。
治大肠实热，腹胀不通，上冲口内生疮，大腹汤方
大腹（二两） 木香（一两） 诃黎勒皮（三分） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒一两半） 大黄（生
锉二两） 芎 （三分
上六味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，更入朴硝一钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓温服。
论述说：大肠，是负责传导和排泄糟粕的腑。如果其气机盛实，就会产生燥热，导致传导排泄不利，肠中疼痛如同被锥子或刀子刺割一样，或者长出鼠乳（一种赘生物），出现肿胀、疼痛和闷胀感，大便不通畅，腹部和胁肋部胀满，腰背部沉重疼痛，气逆上冲且呼吸急促，这些都是大肠气实的证候。
治疗大肠实热，大便不通，腹部和胁肋部胀满，腰背部沉重疼痛，气逆上冲且胸闷气喘，用生姜泄肠汤方：
生姜（切片焙干） 陈橘皮（去掉白色内层后焙干） 青竹茹 白术 黄芩（去掉黑色中心部分） 栀子仁（各一两半） 桂枝（去掉粗糙外皮）
以上九味药，切碎如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，劈破一枚大枣，煎煮至一盏水量，滤去药渣，加入芒硝末一钱匕，再煮沸一次，温服。
治疗大肠实热，大便不通，气逆上冲引起咳嗽，心神烦乱闷躁，用杏仁汤方：
杏仁（热水浸泡去皮尖及双仁部分，炒制） 甘草（炙烤后切碎，各一两） 赤芍药 麦门冬（去掉心后焙干） 黄芩（去掉黑色中心部分） 细辛
以上九味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，煎煮至六分水量，滤去药渣，饭前温服。
治疗大肠热盛胀满，肠中剧烈疼痛，或者长出鼠乳，大便不通，用大青汤方：
大青（切碎三分） 麻黄（去掉根节） 石膏（捣碎） 芒硝 黄柏（去掉粗糙外皮） 生干地黄（焙干，各一两半） 枳壳（麸炒）
以上八味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏半，苦竹叶十片，煎煮至八分水量，滤去药渣温服，每日三次。
治疗气机壅滞于大肠的风热证，大便不通，用神功丸方：
大黄（三两） 人参（半两） 麻子仁（研碎五两） 诃黎勒皮（炮制二两）
以上四味药，捣碎研成细末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次服用二十丸，温水送下，每日三次，以大便通畅为度。
治疗大肠实热，使人气机凭塞胀满，用茯苓麻黄汤方：
白茯苓（去掉黑色外皮） 麻黄（去掉根节，各一两半） 黄芪（切碎） 大青（切碎） 桂枝（去掉粗糙外皮，各三分） 细辛（去掉苗叶） 杏仁（热水浸泡去皮尖及双仁部分，炒制，各一两一分） 石膏（二两，捣碎） 丹参（半两） 五味子 甘草（炙烤后切碎） 贝母 陈橘皮（去掉白色内层焙干） 川芎（各一两） 枳实（麸炒三枚）
以上十五味药，粗捣筛过，用丝绸包裹三钱匕的药量，加井华水一盏半，煎煮至八分水量，滤去药渣温服，每日两次。
治疗大肠风热壅实证，便秘不通，腹部和胁肋部胀闷，用威灵仙丸方：
威灵仙（去土） 枳壳（去掉瓤，麸炒） 青橘皮（去掉白色内层焙干，各一两） 防风（去叉状分支） 牵牛子（炒制） 郁李仁（热水浸泡）
以上八味药，捣碎过罗成末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次服用二十丸，温水送下，可加至三十丸，以见效为度。
治疗大肠秘结有热，心胸烦躁，头痛，排便困难，腹部和胁肋部胀满，口舌干燥，用大黄丸方：
大黄（炮制切碎半两） 桔梗（炒制） 枳壳（麸炒去瓤） 川芎 羌活（去掉芦头） 木香 柴胡（去掉苗） 独活（去掉...）
以上九味药，捣碎过罗成末，将熟煮的莱菔（萝卜）与药末一起放入木臼中捣匀，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次服用三十丸，饭后临睡前用熟汤送下，可加至四十丸。
治疗大肠热咳，胁肋胀满，手掌心发热，用橘皮汤方：
陈橘皮（去掉白色内层焙干） 芒硝 紫苏叶（各一两半） 白术（一两） 甘草（炙烤后切碎） 桂枝（去掉粗糙外皮，各半两） 石膏
以上八味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏半，淡竹叶十片，葱白四寸拍破，煎煮至八分水量，滤去药渣温服，每日三次。
治疗大肠实热，腹胀不通，气机上冲至口腔内生疮疡，用大腹汤方：
大腹皮（二两） 木香（一两） 诃黎勒皮（三分） 枳壳（去掉瓤，麸炒一两半） 大黄（生切粉碎二两） 川芎（三分）
以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，再加入朴硝一钱匕，加水一盏半，煎煮至八分水量，滤去药渣温服。
Discussion states: The Large Intestine is the fu-organ responsible for transmitting and discharging waste. When its qi becomes excessive and solid, dryness and heat arise, leading to impaired transmission and discharge. Pain in the intestines feels like being pierced by a awl or knife; alternatively, "rat's milk" (a type of growth) may develop, accompanied by swelling, pain, and distending oppression. With unrelieved bowel movements, fullness and distension in the abdomen and hypochondrium, heavy pain in the lower back and back, rebellious qi causing rapid breathing, these are all manifestations of Large Intestine Qi Excess syndrome.
For treating Large Intestine Excess-Heat, unrelieved bowel movements, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, heavy pain in the lower back and back, and rebellious qi causing chest tightness and asthma, use Shengjiang Xiechang Tang (Ginger Decoction for Draining the Intestines):
Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, sliced and dried over fire), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed and dried), Qingzhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, black center removed), Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen, each 1 liang 5 qian), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, rough bark removed).
The above nine herbs are chopped into sizes similar to hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, decocted with 1.5 sheng of water and one broken jujube until reduced to 1 sheng. Strain the dregs, add 1 qian bi of Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) powder, boil once more, and take warm.
For treating Large Intestine Excess-Heat, unrelieved bowel movements, rebellious qi causing cough, and mental restlessness with oppression, use Xingren Tang (Apricot Kernel Decoction):
Xingren (Armeniacae Semen, soaked in hot water, skin and pointed end removed, double-kernel avoided, stir-fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and chopped, each 1 liang), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed and dried), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, black center removed), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma).
The above nine herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, decocted with 1 sheng of water until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain the dregs and take warm before meals.
For treating Large Intestine Heat-fullness with severe intestinal pain, or the development of "rat's milk," and unrelieved bowel movements, use Daqing Tang (Qingdao Decoction):
Daqing (Indigo Naturalis, chopped, 3 fen), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and joints removed), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, rough bark removed), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, dried and baked, each 1 liang 5 qian), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried).
The above eight herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, decocted with 1.5 sheng of water and ten leaves of Kuzhuye (Bambusae Folium) until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain the dregs and take warm, three times daily.
For treating Wind-Heat stagnating in the Large Intestine due to qi obstruction, resulting in unrelieved bowel movements, use Shengong Wan (Divine Merit Pill):
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 0.5 liang), Maziren (Cannabis Semen, pounded, 5 liang), Helilepi (Terminaliae Chebulae Pericarpium, processed, 2 liang).
The above four herbs are pounded and ground into fine powder. Honey pills are made the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is 20 pills, taken with warm water, three times daily, stopping when bowel movement is relieved.
For treating Large Intestine Excess-Heat causing qi blockage and fullness, use Fuling Mahuang Tang (Poria and Ephedra Decoction):
Baifuling (Poria, black skin removed), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and joints removed, each 1 liang 5 qian), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, chopped), Daqing (Indigo Naturalis, chopped), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, rough bark removed, each 3 fen), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, seedlings and leaves removed), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen, soaked in hot water, skin and pointed end removed, double-kernel avoided, stir-fried, each 1 liang 1 fen), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang, crushed), Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, 0.5 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and chopped), Beimu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed and dried), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried, 3 pieces).
The above fifteen herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Wrap 3 qian bi in silk, decoct with 1.5 sheng of well-water until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain the dregs and take warm, twice daily.
For treating Large Intestine Wind-Heat excess and stagnation, constipation, and abdominal and hypochondriac distension and oppression, use Weilingxian Wan (Clematis Pill):
Weilingxian (Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, cleaned of soil), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, pith removed, bran-fried), Qingjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed and dried, each 1 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, forked parts removed), Qianniuzi (Pharbitidis Semen, stir-fried), Yuliren (Pruni Semen, soaked in hot water).
The above eight herbs are pounded, sieved into powder, and formed into honey pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is 20 pills, taken with warm water, increasing up to 30 pills as needed for effect.
For treating Large Intestine constipation with heat, chest and mind irritability, headache, difficult defecation, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, and dry mouth and tongue, use Dahuang Wan (Rhubarb Pill):
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, processed and chopped, 0.5 liang), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried, pith removed), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, rhizome head removed), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, seedlings removed), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, ...).
The above nine herbs are pounded and sieved into powder. Cooked radish (Lufu) is mixed with the herb powder and pounded in a wooden mortar until it can be shaped into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is 30 pills, taken after meals and before sleep with cooked soup, increasing up to 40 pills if necessary.
For treating Large Intestine heat-cough, hypochondriac fullness, and heat in the palms, use Jupi Tang (Tangerine Peel Decoction):
Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed and dried), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Zisuye (Perillae Folium, each 1 liang 5 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried and chopped), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, rough bark removed, each 0.5 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).
The above eight herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, decocted with 1.5 sheng of water, ten leaves of Danzhuye (Lophatheri Herba), and four cun of scallion white (broken), until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain the dregs and take warm, three times daily.
For treating Large Intestine Excess-Heat causing abdominal distension and obstruction, with rebellious qi rising to cause sores in the mouth, use Dafu Tang (Large Abdomen Decoction):
Dafu (Arecae Pericarpium, 2 liang), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 1 liang), Helilepi (Terminaliae Chebulae Pericarpium, 3 fen), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, pith removed, bran-fried, 1.5 liang), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, raw and chopped, 2 liang), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 3 fen).
The above six herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, plus 1 qian bi of Puxiao (Mirabilitum), decocted with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain the dregs and take warm.