论曰，膀胱者、津液之府，与肾合而主水，共为表里，行于小肠，入于胞为溲便，今胞
内有客热，入于膀胱，致水液不利，故小便赤涩也。
治小肠客热，小便淋涩赤痛，木通汤方
木通（锉） 冬葵子（各半两） 冬瓜子 滑石（各一两半） 瞿麦穗 黄芩（各一两）
白茅
上七味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入竹叶七片，煎至七分，去滓食前温服。
治心与膀胱俱热，小便赤涩不利，石苇汤方
石苇（去毛） 瞿麦穗 虎杖 海金沙（各半两） 滑石（一两）
上五味，粗捣筛，每服二钱匕，水一盏，入灯心半握，煎至七分，去滓温服。
治心热小便赤涩不利，石燕子散方
石燕子（一个） 滑石末（一分） 冬葵子 续随子（去皮别研） 海金沙（别研各一
两）
上五味，捣罗为散，与别研者和匀，每服二钱匕，煎木通汤放冷调下。
通利小肠，治小便赤涩，透泉散方
滑石末（一两） 甜硝（研） 甘草末（各半两） 琥珀（研一分）
上四味同研匀细，每服二钱匕，煎灯心汤调下，空心食前服。
治心脾热壅，小便赤涩，皮肉发黄，目黄色，白茅根汤方
白茅根（锉三两） 秦艽（去苗土） 茵陈蒿 犀角（镑） 黄芩（去黑心各一两半） 朴
硝（
上九味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓空腹服，日二夜一。
治小便赤涩，额上汗出，手足烦热，龙胆汤方
龙胆（去苗洗） 犀角（镑） 生地黄（洗切各一两） 麦门冬（去心生用三分） 升
麻（锉）
上七味 咀，每服四钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓不拘时温服。
治膈上虚热，喉咽噎塞，小便赤涩，神困多睡，酸枣仁丸方
酸枣仁（生用） 薏苡仁（炒） 木通（锉） 黄 （锉） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 升麻
（锉） 大黄
上一十一味，捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，加至三十丸，煎麦门冬
汤下。
治因有客热，积在脏腑，变为热劳，小便赤涩，四肢烦疼，心膈壅闷，面黄目赤。遍身
壮热，骨节酸疼，饮食无味，犀角汤方
犀角（镑） 鳖甲（去裙 醋炙） 柴胡（去苗） 山芋 续断（锉） 熟干地黄（焙）
黄芩（
朴（去粗皮姜汁
上一十二味，粗捣筛，每服四钱匕，水一盏半，生姜三片，煎至八分，去滓食前温服
治风热，小便赤涩，滑石散方
滑石（二两） 栀子仁（微炒） 木通（锉） 豉（微炒各一两）
上四味，捣罗为散，每服二钱匕，煎葱白汤调下，早晚食前夜卧各一服。
治小便不利，赤涩疼痛，滑石散方
滑石 木通（锉） 冬葵子（微炒各一两）
上三味，捣罗为散，每服一钱匕，至二钱匕，食前葱白汤调下，以小便利为度。
治头面浮虚，心胸膨胀，小便赤涩，欲作水候，槟榔汤方
槟榔（锉） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 桔梗（炒各一两） 木香（半两）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服二钱匕，水一盏，生姜三片，枣二枚劈，煎至七分，去滓温服不
拘时。
治小便赤涩疼痛，蚕蜕散方
蚕蜕（纸烧灰）
上一味细研，入麝香少许和匀，每服一钱匕，米饮调下。
治小便赤涩、疼痛，酸浆饮方
酸浆草
上一味，采嫩者，洗研绞取自然汁，每服半合，酒半盏和匀，空心服之，未通再服。
治膀胱积热，小便赤涩，榆白皮汤方
榆白皮 车前子 冬葵根 木通（炙各一两） 瞿麦穗 茅根 桑螵蛸（炙各半两）
上七味细锉，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓温服。
治小便淋涩不通，葵子汤方
冬葵子（一合） 朴硝（半两）
上二味，同研匀，以水三盏，煎葵子至一盏半，去滓下朴硝，空腹分温二服。
治小便淋涩不通，紫草散方
紫草（三分）
上一味，捣罗为散，和井花水一盏半顿服。
论述说，膀胱是津液汇聚的府库，与肾脏相表里而主管水液代谢，二者互为表里关系。水液运行经过小肠，进入胞宫（此处指下焦泌尿部位）形成尿液排出。如今胞内有外来的热邪侵入膀胱，导致水液排泄不畅，所以出现小便颜色红赤、排尿涩痛的症状。
治疗小肠有外来热邪，导致小便淋漓涩痛、色红的木通汤方：
木通（切碎）半两，冬葵子半两，冬瓜子一两半，滑石一两半，瞿麦穗一两，黄芩一两，白茅根一两。
以上七味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，放入七片竹叶，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，饭前温服。
治疗心与膀胱俱有热邪，导致小便红赤涩滞不通的石苇汤方：
石苇（去毛）半两，瞿麦穗半两，虎杖半两，海金沙半两，滑石一两。
以上五味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用二钱匕，加水一盏，放入半握灯心草，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣温服。
治疗心热导致小便红赤涩滞不通的石燕子散方：
石燕子一个，滑石末一分，冬葵子一两，续随子（去皮后单独研磨）一两，海金沙（单独研磨）一两。
以上五味药，捣碎过筛成散剂，将单独研磨的药粉与其他药粉混合均匀，每次服用二钱匕，用煎好的木通汤放凉后调服。
通利小肠，治疗小便红赤涩滞的透泉散方：
滑石末一两，甜硝（研磨）半两，甘草末半两，琥珀（研磨）一分。
以上四味药共同研磨均匀细腻，每次服用二钱匕，用煎好的灯心草汤调服，空腹及饭前服用。
治疗心脾热邪壅盛，导致小便红赤涩滞，皮肤肌肉发黄，眼睛发黄，白茅根汤方：
白茅根（切碎）三两，秦艽（去苗土），茵陈蒿一两半，犀角（镑片）一两半，黄芩（去黑心）一两半，朴硝一两半。
以上九味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏半，煎煮至一盏，滤去药渣空腹服用，每日两次夜间一次。
治疗小便红赤涩滞，额头出汗，手足烦热，龙胆汤方：
龙胆（去苗洗净）一两，犀角（镑片）一两，生地黄（洗净切片）一两，麦门冬（去心生用）三分，升麻（切碎）一两。
以上七味药，切碎，每次服用四钱匕，加水一盏半，煎煮至八分满，滤去药渣不拘时候温服。
治疗膈上虚热，咽喉噎塞感，小便红赤涩滞，精神困倦嗜睡，酸枣仁丸方：
酸枣仁（生用）一两，薏苡仁（炒）一两，木通（切碎）一两，黄芪（切碎）一两，枳壳（去瓤麸炒）一两，升麻（切碎）一两，大黄一两。
以上十一味药，捣碎过筛成粉末，用炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大小，每次服用二十丸，加至三十丸，用麦门冬汤送服。
治疗因有外来热邪，积聚在脏腑，演变为热劳病，导致小便红赤涩滞，四肢烦疼，心膈壅闷，面色黄眼睛红，全身壮热，骨节酸痛，饮食无味，犀角汤方：
犀角（镑片）一两，鳖甲（去裙边醋炙）一两，柴胡（去苗）一两，山芋一两，续断（切碎）一两，熟干地黄（焙干）一两，黄芩一两，朴硝一两，甘草一两，生姜一两，大枣五枚，薄荷一两。
以上十二味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用四钱匕，加水一盏半，生姜三片，煎煮至八分满，滤去药渣饭前温服。
治疗风热，导致小便红赤涩滞，滑石散方：
滑石二两，栀子仁（微炒）一两，木通（切碎）一两，豆豉（微炒）一两。
以上四味药，捣碎过筛成散剂，每次服用二钱匕，用煎好的葱白汤调服，早晚饭前及夜间卧时各服一次。
治疗小便不利，红赤涩痛，滑石散方：
滑石一两，木通（切碎）一两，冬葵子（微炒）一两。
以上三味药，捣碎过筛成散剂，每次服用一钱匕至二钱匕，饭前用葱白汤调服，以小便通畅为度。
治疗头面浮肿虚胀，心胸膨胀，小便红赤涩滞，欲发为水肿病，槟榔汤方：
槟榔（切碎）一两，枳壳（去瓤麸炒）一两，桔梗（炒）一两，木香半两。
以上四味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用二钱匕，加水一盏，生姜三片，大枣二枚劈开，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣不拘时候温服。
治疗小便红赤涩痛，蚕蜕散方：
蚕蜕（用纸烧成灰）。
以上一味药细研，加入少许麝香混合均匀，每次服用一钱匕，用米饮调服。
治疗小便红赤、疼痛，酸浆饮方：
酸浆草适量。
以上一味药，采摘嫩叶，洗净研磨绞取自然汁，每次服用半合，与半盏酒混合均匀，空腹服用，若未通利可再服。
治疗膀胱积热，导致小便红赤涩滞，榆白皮汤方：
榆白皮一两，车前子一两，冬葵根一两，木通（炙）一两，瞿麦穗半两，茅根半两，桑螵蛸（炙）半两。
以上七味药细切，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，煎煮至八分满，滤去药渣温服。
治疗小便淋漓涩滞不通，葵子汤方：
冬葵子一合，朴硝半两。
以上两味药，共同研磨均匀，用水三盏，煎煮葵子至一盏半，滤去药渣加入朴硝，空腹分两次温服。
Commentary states that the Bladder is the mansion of Body Fluids (Jin Ye), harmonizing with the Kidney to govern water metabolism, forming an interior-exterior relationship. Water fluids circulate through the Small Intestine and enter the bladder/pelvis to form urine for excretion. Currently, if external heat pathogens reside within the pelvis and invade the Bladder, causing obstruction in fluid metabolism, it results in red and scanty/difficult urination.
**Mutong Decoction (Cinnamon Twig and Akebia Decoction)**
Indications: Heat from external pathogens in the Small Intestine, causing dysuria with redness, astringency, and pain.
Ingredients: Tongcao (Akebiae Caulis, sliced) 15g, Dongkuizi (Malvae Semen) 15g, Dongguazi (Benincasae Semen) 22.5g, Huashi (Talcum) 22.5g, Qumai (Dianthi Herba) 15g, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 15g, Baimaogen (Imperatae Rhizoma) 15g.
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve the seven herbs. Take 9g per dose, add 300ml water and 7 slices of Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), decoct until reduced to 210ml. Strain and take warm before meals.
**Shiwei Decoction (Pyrrosiae Herba Decoction)**
Indications: Heat in both the Heart and Bladder, causing red, scanty, and difficult urination.
Ingredients: Shiwei (Pyrrosiae Folium, de-haired) 15g, Qumai (Dianthi Herba) 15g, Huzhang (Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix) 15g, Haijinsha (Lygodii Spora) 15g, Huashi (Talcum) 30g.
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve the five herbs. Take 6g per dose, add 300ml water and half a handful of Dengxincao (Junci Medulla), decoct until reduced to 210ml. Strain and take warm.
**Shiyanzi Powder (Stone Swallowing Particle Powder)**
Indications: Heart heat causing red, scanty, and difficult urination.
Ingredients: Shiyanzi (Lapis Lapillus) 1 piece, Huashi powder (Talcum) 3g, Dongkuizi (Malvae Semen) 30g, Xuisui Zi (Euphorbiae Lathyridis Semen, peeled and separately ground) 30g, Haijinsha (Lygodii Spora, separately ground) 30g.
Preparation: Crush and sieve into powder, mix with separately ground ingredients evenly. Take 6g per dose, mix with cooled Mutang Tang (Mutong Decoction).
**Touquan Powder (Spring-Penetrating Powder)**
Indications: Promoting unblocking of the Small Intestine, treating red and scanty/difficult urination.
Ingredients: Huashi powder (Talcum) 30g, Tianxiao (Natrii Sulfas crystallized) 15g, Gancao powder (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 15g, Hupo (Succinum) 3g.
Preparation: Grind all four ingredients finely and mix evenly. Take 6g per dose, mix with Dengxin Tang (Junci Medulla Decoction). Take on an empty stomach and before meals.
**Baimaogen Decoction (Imperatae Rhizoma Decoction)**
Indications: Heat accumulation in the Heart and Spleen, causing red and scanty/difficult urination, yellowing of skin and muscles, and yellow eyes.
Ingredients: Baimaogen (Imperatae Rhizoma, sliced) 90g, Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, remove seedlings and soil), Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) 45g, Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu, shaved) 45g, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, remove black heart) 45g, Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 45g.
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve the nine herbs. Take 9g per dose, add 450ml water, decoct until reduced to 300ml. Strain and take on an empty stomach, twice daily and once at night.
**Longdan Decoction (Gentianae Radix Decoction)**
Indications: Red and scanty/difficult urination, sweating on the forehead, vexatious heat in hands and feet.
Ingredients: Longdan (Gentianae Radix, remove seedlings and wash) 30g, Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu, shaved) 30g, Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, washed and sliced) 30g, Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart, use raw) 9g, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, sliced) 30g.
Preparation: Chop the seven herbs. Take 12g per dose, add 450ml water, decoct until reduced to 360ml. Strain and take warm at any time.
**Suanzaoren Pill (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Pill)**
Indications: Deficient heat above the diaphragm, sensation of obstruction in throat and pharynx, red and scanty/difficult urination, mental fatigue and excessive sleepiness.
Ingredients: Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, use raw) 30g, Yiyiren (Coicis Semen, stir-fried) 30g, Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, sliced) 30g, Huangqi (Astragali Radix, sliced) 30g, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, remove pulp and bran-fried) 30g, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, sliced) 30g, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 30g.
Preparation: Crush and sieve into powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of tung tree seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, increasing to 30 pills, taken with Maimendong Tang (Ophiopogonis Radix Decoction).
**Xijiao Decoction (Rhinocerotis Cornu Decoction)**
Indications: External heat pathogens accumulating in the zang-fu organs, transforming into Heat Consumption disease (Re Lao), causing red and scanty/difficult urination, vexatious pain in limbs, oppression in heart and diaphragm, sallow complexion with red eyes, generalized high fever, soreness and pain in bone joints, loss of taste in food.
Ingredients: Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu, shaved) 30g, Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, remove skirt edge, vinegar-fried) 30g, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings) 30g, Shanyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) 30g, Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix, sliced) 30g, Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, baked) 30g, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 30g, Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 30g, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 30g, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 30g, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 5 pieces, Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) 30g.
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve the twelve herbs. Take 12g per dose, add 450ml water and 3 slices of Shengjiang, decoct until reduced to 360ml. Strain and take warm before meals.
**Huashi Powder (Talcum Powder)**
Indications: Wind-heat causing red and scanty/difficult urination.
Ingredients: Huashi (Talcum) 60g, Zhiziren (Gardeniae Semen, lightly stir-fried) 30g, Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, sliced) 30g, Chi (Faber Semen, lightly stir-fried) 30g.
Preparation: Crush and sieve into powder. Take 6g per dose, mix with Congbai Tang (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus Decoction). Take once each in the morning and evening before meals, and once at night before lying down.
**Huashi Powder (Talcum Powder)**
Indications: Difficulty in urination, redness, astringency, and pain.
Ingredients: Huashi (Talcum) 30g, Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, sliced) 30g, Dongkuizi (Malvae Semen, lightly stir-fried) 30g.
Preparation: Crush and sieve into powder. Take 3g to 6g per dose, mix with Congbai Tang (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus Decoction) before meals. Stop when urination becomes smooth.
**Bolang Decoction (Arecae Semen Decoction)**
Indications: Edema and distension of head and face, chest and epigastric distension, red and scanty/difficult urination, impending edema condition.
Ingredients: Bolang (Arecae Semen, sliced) 30g, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, remove pulp and bran-fried) 30g, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried) 30g, Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) 15g.
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve the four herbs. Take 6g per dose, add 300ml water, 3 slices of Shengjiang, and 2 split Dazao, decoct until reduced to 210ml. Strain and take warm at any time.
**Cantui Powder (Silkworm Cast-off Skin Powder)**
Indications: Red, scanty, and painful urination.
Ingredients: Cantui (Bombyx Batryticatus, burn to ash using paper).
Preparation: Grind the single herb finely, mix with a small amount of Shexiang (Moschus). Take 3g per dose, mix with Mi Yin (Rice Drink).
**Suanjiang Yin (Physalis Juice Drink)**
Indications: Red and painful urination.
Ingredients: Suanjiang Cao (Physalis Fructus) sufficient quantity.
Preparation: Pick tender parts, wash, grind, and squeeze out natural juice. Take 15ml per dose, mix with 30ml wine, take on an empty stomach. If urination does not clear, take again.
**Yubaipi Decoction (Ulmus Alba Cortex Decoction)**
Indications: Heat accumulation in the Bladder, causing red and scanty/difficult urination.
Ingredients: Yubaipi (Ulmus Alba Cortex) 30g, Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen) 30g, Dongkuigen (Malvae Radix) 30g, Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, fried) 30g, Qumai (Dianthi Herba) 15g, Maogen (Imperatae Rhizoma) 15g, Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Ootheca, fried) 15g.
Preparation: Finely chop the seven herbs. Take 15g per dose, add 450ml water, decoct until reduced to 360ml. Strain and take warm.
**Kuizi Decoction (Malvae Semen Decoction)**
Indications: Scanty, astringent, and obstructed urination.
Ingredients: Dongkuizi (Malvae Semen) 30ml, Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 15g.
Preparation: Grind both ingredients evenly. Add 900ml water, decoct Dongkuizi until reduced to 600ml. Strain and add Puxiao. Divide into two warm doses on an empty stomach.
**Zicao Powder (Arnebiae Radix Powder)**
Indications: Scanty, astringent, and obstructed urination.
Ingredients: Zicao (Arnebiae Radix) 9g.
Preparation: Crush and sieve into powder. Mix with 450ml well-water (Jinghua Shui) and take in one dose.