论曰小儿咳逆上气者，肺经有寒也。肺者气之主，处于膈上，小儿啼呼未定，因以饮乳
，与气相并，停滞胸膈，引乳射肺。令咳而气逆，故谓之咳逆，或由肺挟风冷，乳哺不节，
难经云，形寒饮冷则伤肺，此之谓也。
治小儿咳逆上气。杏仁煎丸方
杏仁（去皮尖双仁研） 紫菀（去苗土） 款冬花（炒各一两） 麻黄（去根节八两） 五
味
子桂（去粗皮各半两） 甘草（炙锉） 干姜（炮各二两）
上八味，除麻黄杏仁外，捣罗为末。以水一斗，先煎麻黄至六升，去滓下杏仁。更煎至
三升，乃纳诸药。及饴糖四两，蜜八两，于慢火上。搅不停手，熬令可丸，即丸如大豆大，
五六岁儿，每服三丸，食后温熟水化下，日三。
治小儿咳逆。吴茱萸汤方
吴茱萸（汤洗五遍炒二两） 桂（去粗皮半两） 款冬花（炒） 射干 紫菀（去苗土
各一两）
上五味，粗捣筛。每用一钱匕，水一盏，生姜一枣大拍碎。煎至五分去滓，分温三服，
更量儿大小加减。
治小儿咳逆喘息，如水鸡声。麻黄汤方
麻黄（去根筛煎去沫焙） 射干 紫菀（去苗土） 甘草（炙锉各一两） 桂（去粗皮
半两）
半夏（五枚生姜汤洗十遍炒）
上六味，粗捣筛。五六岁儿，每服一钱匕，水一盏，枣一枚。生姜少许，煎至五分，去
滓纳蜜半钱匕，更煎一二沸，食后温服，日三，量儿大小加减。
治小儿上气，咳逆不止。七味半夏汤方
半夏（汤洗十遍炒二两） 紫菀（去苗土） 桂（去粗皮） 阿胶（炙令燥） 甘草（炙
锉各一
两） 细辛（去苗叶） 款冬花（各半两）
上七味，粗捣筛。每服一钱匕，水一盏，生姜少许，煎至五分。去滓投蜜一匙搅化。食
后服，日三，更量儿大小加减。
治小儿咳逆上气。五味半夏汤方
半夏（生姜汤洗十遍炒） 紫菀（去苗土） 细辛（去苗叶） 阿胶（炙令燥） 桂（去
粗皮各
二两）
上五味，粗捣筛。每用一钱匕，水一盏，煎至六分，去滓分温三服。空心午间日晚各一
。更量儿大小加减。
治小儿咳逆上气，喉中有声，不通利。紫菀散方
紫菀（去苗土一两） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁炒） 细辛（去苗叶） 款冬花（各一分）
上四味，捣罗为散。二三岁儿，每服半钱匕，米饮调下、日三，更量大小加减。
治小儿上气喘息，如水鸡声，射干汤方
射干 半夏（汤浸洗七遍焙各一两） 桂（去粗皮一两半）
上三味，粗捣筛。五六岁儿，每服一钱匕，水一盏，生姜少许，煎至四分。去滓温服。
治小儿咳逆上气。杏蜜煎方
杏仁（去尖皮双仁生研如膏） 蜜（各二两）
上二味和匀，于银石锅内，慢火熬成煎旋丸，一二岁儿，每服如绿豆大一丸，温水化下
，更量儿大小加减。
治小儿上气咳嗽，不得安卧。桔梗饮方
桔梗（锉炒一两） 桑根白皮（锉） 贝母（去心） 白茯苓（去黑皮） 大青 五味
子吴蓝 人参（各三分） 甘草（炙锉一两半）
上九味，粗捣筛。每服一钱匕，水八分，煎至四分，去滓食后温服，量大小加减。
治小儿咳逆上气，喘满气促，调顺胃气，进益饮食。前胡丸方
前胡（去苗） 人参 半夏（汤浸去滑七遍切焙） 白术（各一两） 丁香（一分）
上五味，捣罗为细末，生姜自然汁煮面糊。丸如绿豆大，每服五丸至七丸。食后临卧生
姜汤下。
治小儿咳嗽气急。紫菀汤方
紫菀（去苗土二两） 贝母（去心洗） 款冬花（各一两）
上三味细锉，每服一钱匕，以水七分，煎取四分，去滓温服食后。
论述说：小儿出现咳嗽、气逆上冲的症状，是因为肺经有寒邪。肺是气的主体，位于膈肌之上。小儿在啼哭呼叫尚未平定时，如果立即喂奶，乳汁与气息相互搏结，停滞在胸膈部位，导致乳汁反流射入肺部。这使得小儿咳嗽且气机上逆，所以称为“咳逆”。这或者是由于肺受风冷侵袭，或者是哺乳没有节制。《难经》中说：“形体受寒、饮食生冷就会损伤肺脏”，说的就是这种情况。
治疗小儿咳逆上气。杏仁煎丸方
杏仁（去皮尖，双仁者研碎）一两，紫菀（去苗土）一两，款冬花（炒）一两，麻黄（去根节）八两，五味子半两，桂枝（去粗皮）半两，甘草（炙后锉碎），干姜（炮制）二两。
以上八味药，除麻黄和杏仁外，捣碎并过筛成粉末。用水一斗，先煎煮麻黄至六升，去掉药渣，加入杏仁。再煎煮至三升，然后加入其他药物粉末。再加入饴糖四两，蜂蜜八两，用慢火熬制，不停搅拌，直到可以制成丸药，即制成如大豆大小的丸剂。五到六岁的儿童，每次服用三丸，饭后用温开水送服化开，每日三次。
治疗小儿咳逆。吴茱萸汤方
吴茱萸（用汤洗五遍，炒）二两，桂枝（去粗皮）半两，款冬花（炒），射干，紫菀（去苗土）各一两。
以上五味药，粗捣筛过。每次取一钱匕的药末，加水一盏，生姜一块如枣大拍碎。煎煮至剩余五分之一的药液，去掉药渣，分三次温服，并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿咳逆喘息，声音像水鸡叫。麻黄汤方
麻黄（去根，筛去泡沫，焙干），射干，紫菀（去苗土），甘草（炙后锉碎）各一两，桂枝（去粗皮）半两，半夏（五枚，用生姜汤洗十遍，炒）。
以上六味药，粗捣筛过。五到六岁的儿童，每次取一钱匕的药末，加水一盏，大枣一枚，少许生姜，煎煮至剩余五分之一的药液，去掉药渣，加入半钱匕的蜂蜜，再煮沸一两次，饭后温服，每日三次，并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿咳逆不止。七味半夏汤方
半夏（用汤洗十遍，炒）二两，紫菀（去苗土），桂枝（去粗皮），阿胶（炙至干燥），甘草（炙后锉碎）各一两，细辛（去苗叶），款冬花（各半两）。
以上七味药，粗捣筛过。每次取一钱匕的药末，加水一盏，少许生姜，煎煮至剩余五分之一的药液。去掉药渣，投入一匙蜂蜜搅匀化开。饭后服用，每日三次，并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿咳逆上气。五味半夏汤方
半夏（用生姜汤洗十遍，炒），紫菀（去苗土），细辛（去苗叶），阿胶（炙至干燥），桂枝（去粗皮）各二两。
以上五味药，粗捣筛过。每次取一钱匕的药末，加水一盏，煎煮至剩余六分之一的药液，去掉药渣，分三次温服。空腹时、中午、晚上各服一次。并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿咳逆上气，喉中有痰鸣声，呼吸不通利。紫菀散方
紫菀（去苗土）一两，杏仁（去皮尖，双仁者炒），细辛（去苗叶），款冬花（各一分）。
以上四味药，捣碎过筛成散剂。二到三岁的儿童，每次取半钱匕的药末，用米汤调下，每日三次，并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿上气喘息，声音像水鸡叫。射干汤方
射干，半夏（用汤浸泡洗七遍，焙干）各一两，桂枝（去粗皮）一两半。
以上三味药，粗捣筛过。五到六岁的儿童，每次取一钱匕的药末，加水一盏，少许生姜，煎煮至剩余四分之一的药液，去掉药渣，温服。
治疗小儿咳逆上气。杏蜜煎方
杏仁（去尖皮，双仁者生研如膏状），蜂蜜（各二两）。
以上两味药混合均匀，在银锅或石锅内，用慢火熬制成煎剂，随时制成丸剂。一到两岁的儿童，每次服用如绿豆大小的一丸，用温水送服化开，并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿上气咳嗽，不能安卧。桔梗饮方
桔梗（锉碎炒）一两，桑白皮（锉碎），贝母（去心），白茯苓（去黑皮），大青叶，五味子，吴蓝，人参（各三分），甘草（炙后锉碎）一两半。
以上九味药，粗捣筛过。每次取一钱匕的药末，加水八分，煎煮至剩余四分之一的药液，去掉药渣，饭后温服，并根据患儿年龄大小酌情增减剂量。
治疗小儿咳逆上气，喘满气促，调理胃气，增进饮食。前胡丸方
前胡（去苗），人参，半夏（用汤浸泡去滑腻七遍，切片焙干），白术（各一两），丁香（一分）。
以上五味药，捣碎过筛成细末，用生姜自然汁煮面糊为粘合剂。制成如绿豆大小的丸剂，每次服用五丸至七丸。饭后及临睡前用生姜汤送服。
治疗小儿咳嗽气急。紫菀汤方
紫菀（去苗土）二两，贝母（去心洗净），款冬花（各一两）。
以上三味药细锉碎，每次取一钱匕的药末，用水七分，煎取四分之一的药液，去掉药渣，饭后温服。
Discussion states: When infants and children present with coughing and rebellious Qi (rebellious Qi) ascending, it is due to Cold pathogen in the Lung Meridian (Lung Meridian). The Lung is the master of Qi, located above the diaphragm. When an infant or child has not yet stabilized after crying or shouting, if milk is given immediately, the milk and Qi contend with each other, stagnating in the chest and diaphragm, causing milk to reflux into the Lungs. This leads to coughing and rebellious Qi, hence termed "Ke Ni" (Cough and Rebellious Qi). This may be caused by the Lung being invaded by Wind-Cold, or by irregular feeding. The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: "Cold affecting the body and cold drinks injure the Lung," which refers to this situation.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) in infants and children. Xingren Jian Wan (Almond Decoction Pill) Formula:
Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, remove skin and pointed ends, use double-kernel seeds, grind) 1 liang, Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil) 1 liang, Kuan Dong Hua (Coltsfoot Flower, stir-fried) 1 liang, Ma Huang (Ephedra Herb, remove root and joints) 8 liang, Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit) 0.5 liang, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) 0.5 liang, Gan Cao (Licorice Root, honey-fried and chopped), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, processed) 2 liang.
The above eight ingredients, except for Ma Huang and Xing Ren, are crushed and sifted into powder. Use one dou (approx. 10 liters) of water, first decoct Ma Huang until reduced to six sheng (approx. 6 liters), discard the dregs, then add Xing Ren. Continue decocting until reduced to three sheng (approx. 3 liters), then add the powders of the other herbs. Add Yi Tang (Maltose) 4 liang and Feng Mi (Honey) 8 liang. Simmer over a slow fire, stirring constantly, until it can be formed into pills. Form pills the size of soybeans. For children aged five to six years, administer three pills per dose, dissolved in warm boiled water after meals, three times daily.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) in infants and children. Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) Formula:
Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit, wash with hot water five times, stir-fry) 2 liang, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) 0.5 liang, Kuan Dong Hua (Coltsfoot Flower, stir-fried), She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil) 1 liang each.
The above five ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. For each dose, take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) of the powder, add one zhan (approx. 200 ml) of water, and one piece of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) the size of a jujube, smashed. Decoct until one-fifth remains, discard the dregs, divide into three warm doses, and adjust dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) with wheezing, sounding like a water frog. Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) Formula:
Ma Huang (Ephedra Herb, remove roots, sieve to remove foam, bake dry), She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, honey-fried and chopped) 1 liang each, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) 0.5 liang, Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, 5 pieces, wash ten times in Sheng Jiang soup, stir-fry).
The above six ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. For children aged five to six years, take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) of the powder per dose, add one zhan (approx. 200 ml) of water, one jujube, and a small amount of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Decoct until one-fifth remains, discard the dregs, add half a qian bi of Feng Mi (Honey), boil for one or two more boils, take warm after meals, three times daily, adjusting dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for persistent Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) in infants and children. Qiwei Banxia Tang (Seven-Ingredient Pinellia Decoction) Formula:
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, wash ten times in hot water, stir-fry) 2 liang, Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark), E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, heat-dried), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, honey-fried and chopped) 1 liang each, Xi Xin (Asarum Root and Rhizome, remove seedlings and leaves), Kuan Dong Hua (Coltsfoot Flower) 0.5 liang each.
The above seven ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) of the powder per dose, add one zhan (approx. 200 ml) of water and a small amount of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Decoct until one-fifth remains. Discard the dregs, add one spoonful of Feng Mi (Honey) and stir to dissolve. Take after meals, three times daily, adjusting dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) in infants and children. Wuwei Banxia Tang (Five-Ingredient Pinellia Decoction) Formula:
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, wash ten times in Sheng Jiang soup, stir-fry), Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil), Xi Xin (Asarum Root and Rhizome, remove seedlings and leaves), E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, heat-dried), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) 2 liang each.
The above five ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) of the powder per dose, add one zhan (approx. 200 ml) of water. Decoct until one-sixth remains, discard the dregs, divide into three warm doses. Take on an empty stomach, at noon, and in the evening. Adjust dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) with phlegm-rattle in the throat and obstructed breathing. Zi Wan San (Aster Powder) Formula:
Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil) 1 liang, Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, remove skin and pointed ends, stir-fry), Xi Xin (Asarum Root and Rhizome, remove seedlings and leaves), Kuan Dong Hua (Coltsfoot Flower) 1 fen each.
The above four ingredients are crushed and sifted into powder. For children aged two to three years, take half a qian bi (approx. 1.5-2.5 grams) per dose, mix with Mi Yin (Rice Drink) and swallow, three times daily, adjusting dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for upper Qi wheezing sounding like a water frog. She Gan Tang (Belamcanda Decoction) Formula:
She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, soak in hot water, wash seven times, bake dry) 1 liang each, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) 1.5 liang.
The above three ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. For children aged five to six years, take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) per dose, add one zhan (approx. 200 ml) of water and a small amount of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Decoct until one-quarter remains, discard the dregs, take warm.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi) in infants and children. Xingmi Jian (Almond Honey Paste) Formula:
Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, remove pointed ends and skin, use double-kernel seeds, raw grind into paste), Feng Mi (Honey) 2 liang each.
The above two ingredients are mixed evenly. Simmer slowly in a silver or stone pot until it becomes a paste. Form pills as needed. For children aged one to two years, administer one pill the size of a mung bean per dose, dissolved in warm water. Adjust dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for upper Qi coughing preventing rest. Jiegeng Yin (Platycodon Drink) Formula:
Jie Geng (Platycodon Root, chopped and stir-fried) 1 liang, Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark, chopped), Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb, remove heart), Bai Fu Ling (Poria, remove black skin), Da Qing (Isatis Leaf), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), Wu Lan (Buddleja Flower), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) 3 qian each, Gan Cao (Licorice Root, honey-fried and chopped) 1.5 liang.
The above nine ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) per dose, add 0.8 zhan of water. Decoct until one-quarter remains, discard the dregs, take warm after meals, adjusting dosage according to the child's age and size.
Treatment for Ke Ni (Cough and Rebellious Qi), wheezing and fullness, rapid breathing, regulating Stomach Qi, and promoting appetite. Qianhu Wan (Peucedanum Pill) Formula:
Qian Hu (Peucedanum Root, remove seedlings), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, soak in hot water, remove slipperiness, wash seven times, slice and bake dry), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 1 liang each, Ding Xiang (Clove) 1 fen.
The above five ingredients are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Use natural juice of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) to cook wheat starch paste as a binder. Form pills the size of mung beans. Take five to seven pills per dose. Swallow with Sheng Jiang soup after meals and before bedtime.
Treatment for cough and rapid breathing in infants and children. Zi Wan Tang (Aster Decoction) Formula:
Zi Wan (Aster Root, remove seedlings and soil) 2 liang, Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb, remove heart and wash), Kuan Dong Hua (Coltsfoot Flower) 1 liang each.
The above three ingredients are finely chopped. Take one qian bi (approx. 3-5 grams) per dose, add 0.7 zhan of water. Decoct until one-quarter remains, discard the dregs, take warm after meals.