论曰小儿体本挟热，舍于经络，血脉扬溢。则为鼻衄，盖血与气，循行经脉。通于腑脏
，邪热乘血，血得热则妄行。随气上益，出于鼻者，为鼻衄。血虚受热，散漫失度，出于七
窍者，为大衄。
治小儿中热积惊，及时疾后鼻衄。玉屑散方
寒水石（研） 马牙硝（研各一分） 贝母（去心） 知母（各一分半） 荷叶（一两
水煮七沸
焙干）
上五味，捣研为细散，每服半钱匕。蜜水调下，食后。
治小儿鼻衄。地黄煎方
生地黄汁 刺蓟汁（各二盏） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖及双仁麸炒黄研一两） 阿胶（炙令
燥碾
为末半两）
上四味，同入银器中，慢火熬为煎。每服一钱匕，新汲水化下，不计时候，量儿大小加
减。
治小儿猝热毒瓦斯攻脑，鼻中衄血不止。栀子散方
栀子仁（一两一半生用一半微炒） 槐花（半两生用）
上二味，捣罗为细散，每服半钱匕。加至一钱，熟水调下，日三，量儿大小加减。
治小儿阳毒烦躁，吐血衄血，渐生赤斑。绛雪丹方
丹砂（研半两） 焰硝（研一两）
上二味，各研令细，再同研。炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服一丸，沙糖水调化服，取下
涎即安。
治小儿鼻衄不止。刺蓟散方
刺蓟（焙） 蒲黄（各半两） 乱发（烧灰一分）
上三味。捣罗为细散，每服半钱匕。以新汲水调下，不计时候，量儿大小加减。
论述说：小儿的体质本来就容易挟带热邪，热邪潜伏在经络之中，导致血脉扩张溢出。这就形成了鼻衄（鼻出血）。这是因为血与气在经脉中循行，并与腑脏相通。当邪热侵袭血液，血液受热就会妄行乱动，随着气机上逆，从鼻子流出，这就是鼻衄。如果血虚又受热气，血液散漫失去节制，从七窍流出的，称为大衄（严重出血）。
治疗小儿体内积热惊悸，以及外感热病后出现的鼻衄。玉屑散方
寒水石（研碎） 马牙硝（研碎，各一分） 贝母（去心） 知母（各一分半） 荷叶（一两，用水煮七次沸腾后焙干）
以上五味药，捣碎研成细粉，每次服用半钱匕的量。用蜜水调服，饭后服用。
治疗小儿鼻衄。地黄煎方
生地黄汁 刺蓟汁（各二盏） 杏仁（热水浸泡去皮尖及双仁，麸炒至黄，研碎一两） 阿胶（炙烤至干燥，碾成末半两）
以上四味药，一同放入银器中，用慢火熬制成煎剂。每次服用一钱匕的量，用刚打来的冷水化开服用，不限时候，根据孩子的大小增减剂量。
治疗小儿突然感受热毒之气攻冲脑部，鼻中出血不止。栀子散方
栀子仁（一两半，一半生用，一半微炒） 槐花（半两，生用）
以上两味药，捣碎过筛成细粉，每次服用半钱匕的量。可加至一钱，用熟水调服，每日三次，根据孩子的大小增减剂量。
治疗小儿阳毒烦躁，吐血、鼻衄，逐渐出现红色斑疹。绛雪丹方
丹砂（研碎半两） 焰硝（研碎一两）
以上两味药，分别研细，再共同研磨均匀。用炼蜜和丸，做成梧桐子大小的药丸，每次服用一丸，用沙糖水调化服用，吐出涎液后即安。
治疗小儿鼻衄不止。刺蓟散方
刺蓟（焙干） 蒲黄（各半两） 乱发（烧成灰一分）
以上三味药。捣碎过筛成细粉，每次服用半钱匕的量。用新打的冷水调服，不限时候，根据孩子的大小增减剂量。
Commentary states: Children's constitutions inherently tend to harbor heat, which resides in the meridians and collaterals, causing blood vessels to dilate and overflow. This results in epistaxis (nosebleed). This is because blood and qi circulate through the meridians and connect with the fu-zang organs. When pathogenic heat invades the blood, the blood, heated, acts recklessly and moves irregularly. Following the upward movement of qi, it exits through the nose, which is termed epistaxis. If there is blood deficiency combined with heat invasion, causing blood to scatter without restraint and exit from the seven orifices, it is termed major hemorrhage (severe bleeding).
For treating children with internal accumulation of heat and fright, as well as epistaxis following acute febrile diseases. Formula for Yuxie San (Jade Dust Powder)
Hanshuishi (Calcitritum, Calcite) [ground] Mayaxiao (Natrii Sulfas, Sodium Sulfate) [ground, each 1 fen] Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus, Fritillary Bulb) [heart removed] Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Anemarrhena Root) [each 1.5 fen] Heye (Nelumbinis Folium, Lotus Leaf) [1 liang, boiled in water seven times until boiling, then dried by baking]
The above five herbs are pounded and ground into a fine powder. Each dose is half a qianbi (a small measuring spoon). It is taken mixed with honey water after meals.
For treating children's epistaxis. Formula for Dihuang Jian (Rehmannia Decoction/Paste)
Shengdihuangzhi (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix Juice) Ciji zhi (Cirsii Japonici Herba Juice) [each 2 zhan] Xingren (Armeniacae Semen, Apricot Seed) [soaked in hot water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel removed, stir-fried with bran until yellow, ground, 1 liang] Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla, Donkey-hide Gelatin) [roasted until dry, ground into powder, 0.5 liang]
The above four ingredients are placed together in a silver vessel and slowly simmered into a paste/jelly. Each dose is one qianbi, dissolved in fresh cold water. It can be taken at any time, with dosage adjusted according to the child's age and size.
For treating children suffering from sudden attack of heat-toxin qi on the brain, resulting in continuous nosebleed. Formula for Zhizi San (Gardenia Powder)
Zhiziren (Gardeniae Fructus, Gardenia Fruit) [1.5 liang, half raw, half lightly stir-fried] Huaihua (Sophorae Flos, Sophora Flower) [0.5 liang, raw]
The above two herbs are pounded and sieved into a fine powder. Each dose is half a qianbi, which can be increased to one qianbi. It is taken mixed with cooked water, three times a day, with dosage adjusted according to the child's age and size.
For treating children with yang-toxin irritability, hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis, and gradually developing red macules/petechiae. Formula for Jiangxue Dan (Crimson Snow Pill)
Dansha (Cinnabaris, Cinnabar) [ground, 0.5 liang] Yanxiao (Natrii Nitratis Crystalis, Potassium Nitrate/Crystallized Saltpeter) [ground, 1 liang]
The above two herbs are each ground finely, then ground together again. Mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is one pill, dissolved and taken with sugar water. Once saliva/phlegm is discharged, the patient will feel relieved.
For treating persistent epistaxis in children. Formula for Ciji San (Cirsium Powder)
Ciji (Cirsii Japonici Herba, Japanese Thistle Herb) [baked] Puhuang (Typhae Pollen, Cattail Pollen) [each 0.5 liang] Luanfa (Capillus Humanus, Human Hair) [burned to ash, 1 fen]
The above three herbs are pounded and sieved into a fine powder. Each dose is half a qianbi. It is taken mixed with fresh cold water. It can be taken at any time, with dosage adjusted according to the child's age and size.