论曰消渴饮水过多，久则渗漏脂膏，脱耗精液，下流胞中，与水液混浊，随小便利下膏
凝，故谓之消渴小便白浊也。
治消渴，小便白浊如脂。肾沥汤方
白羊肾（一具去脂膜切） 黄 （锉） 杜仲（锉炒） 五味子 生姜（切各一两半） 生
干地
黄（焙一两） 人参（半两） 枣（五枚去核） 磁石（三两椎碎绵裹）
上九味，除羊肾磁石外，锉碎分为二剂，先以水四升，煎肾与磁石及二升，去肾然后下
诸药，再煎取八合，去滓分二服食前。
治消渴，腑脏枯燥，口干引饮。小便如脂。铁粉丸方
铁粉（研水飞过干秤三两再研） 鸡 （阴干五枚炙熟） 黄连（去须三两） 牡蛎
（炒研
如面二两）
上四味，先捣二味，细罗为末，再与铁粉牡蛎研匀，炼蜜和剂，以酥涂杵熟捣，丸如梧
桐子大，每服三十丸，食前煎粟米饮下，渐加至四十丸。
治消渴，小便浓浊如面汁，此为肾冷。金牙石汤方
金牙石（捣碎研） 浓朴（去粗皮涂生姜汁炙熟） 石菖蒲（各一两半） 贝母（煨去
心一两）
丝子（酒浸两宿
曝干微炒别捣各半两）
上九味，先捣八味为粗末，次入金牙石再研匀，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入枣二枚去核，
煎七分去滓，早晚食前温服。
治消渴，能食而饮水多，小便如脂麸片，日夜无度。冬瓜饮方
冬瓜（一枚） 黄连（去须十两别捣为细末）
上二味，先取冬瓜剖开去瓤，净，渗黄连末在瓜内，却用瓜顶盖，于热灰中煨熟。去皮
细切烂研，布绞取汁，每服一盏至二盏，食前服，日三夜二。
治消渴，饮水不知休，小便中如脂，舌干口渴。黄连丸方
黄连（去须） 栝蒌根（各五两）
上二味，捣罗为末，生地黄汁和剂，石臼内、用木杵涂酥捣匀熟，丸如梧桐子大。每服
三十丸，食后牛乳下、日二。
治消渴下冷，小便浓白如泔，呕逆不下食。葶苈丸方
葶苈子（慢火炒别捣如膏一两半） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 桂（去粗皮） 羚羊角（镑） 白
茯苓
（去黑皮） 柴胡（去苗） 鳖甲（去裙 醋浸炙） 防风（去叉） 菟丝子（酒浸两宿焙
干炒别捣）
上一十二味，捣罗为末，炼蜜和剂，酥涂杵捣匀熟。丸如梧桐子大，每服三十丸。空腹
酒下。
治消渴，饮水极多，肢体羸弱。小便如米泔，腰膝冷痛。诸方不能治者。山茱萸丸方
山茱萸 栝蒌根（锉） 土瓜根（锉） 苦参 龙骨（细研各一两半） 黄连（去须三
两半）
上六味，先捣罗五味，次入龙骨，再研匀，用生栝蒌汁和剂，酥涂杵捣匀熟。丸如梧桐
子大，每服三十丸，食后煎白茅根饮下，日三。
治消渴尿脂小便如泔。肉苁蓉丸方
肉苁蓉（去皴皮酒浸切焙） 泽泻 五味子 巴戟天（去心） 当归（切焙） 地骨皮
（各一
两） 磁石（煨醋淬七遍） 人参 赤石脂（各一两半） 韭子（炒） 白龙骨 甘草（炙
锉） 牡
丹皮（各一两） 熟干地黄（焙一两） 禹余粮（ 三分） 桑蛸螵（炙四十枚）
上一十六味，捣罗为末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，以牛乳下，日三。
论述说：消渴病（以多饮、多食、多尿、身体消瘦为特征的疾病）患者饮水过多，日久则导致脂膏渗漏，精液耗损，向下流入膀胱，与水液混合变得浑浊，随着小便排出凝固的膏状物，所以称之为消渴小便白浊。
治疗消渴病，小便浑浊如脂质的方剂：肾沥汤方
白羊肾（一个，去除脂肪膜后切片） 黄耆（锉碎） 杜仲（锉碎并炒制） 五味子 生姜（切片，各一两半） 生干地黄（焙干，一两） 人参（半两） 大枣（五枚，去核） 磁石（三两，捣碎后用绵布包裹）
以上九味药，除去羊肾和磁石外，将其他药物锉碎分为两份。先用水四升，煎煮羊肾和磁石至剩余二升，取出羊肾，然后放入其余药物，再煎取八合药液，滤去药渣，分两次在饭前温服。
治疗消渴病，脏腑干燥枯槁，口干想喝水，小便如脂质。铁粉丸方
铁粉（研磨后用水飞法处理，干燥称重三两，再次研磨） 鸡内金（阴干五枚，炙烤至熟） 黄连（去须，三两） 牡蛎（炒制后研磨成面状，二两）
以上四味药，先将前两种药捣碎，过细筛成为粉末，再与铁粉、牡蛎粉研磨均匀，用炼蜜调和成药剂，用酥油涂抹药杵，捣匀至熟透，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，饭前煎粟米饮送下，逐渐增加至四十丸。
治疗消渴病，小便浓浊如米汁，这是肾寒所致。金牙石汤方
金牙石（捣碎研磨） 厚朴（去除粗皮，涂生姜汁炙烤至熟） 石菖蒲（各一两半） 贝母（煨制去心，一两） 菟丝子（酒浸两个晚上，晒干微炒，另捣，各半两）
以上九味药，先将前八味药捣成粗末，再加入金牙石一起研磨均匀。每次服用三钱匕，用水一盏，加入两枚去核的大枣，煎至七分满，滤去药渣，早晚饭前温服。
治疗消渴病，能吃但饮水多，小便如脂麸片，日夜无节制。冬瓜饮方
冬瓜（一个） 黄连（去须，十两，另捣为细末）
以上两味药，先取冬瓜剖开去瓤洗净，将黄连末渗入瓜内，再用瓜盖盖好，在热灰中煨烤至熟。去皮后细细切碎研烂，用布绞取汁液。每次服用一盏至两盏，饭前服用，白天三次，夜间两次。
治疗消渴病，饮水不知休息，小便中如脂质，舌干口渴。黄连丸方
黄连（去须） 天花粉（栝蒌根，各五两）
以上两味药，捣碎过筛成为粉末，用生地黄汁调和成药剂，在石臼中，用木杵涂酥油捣匀至熟透，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，饭后用牛乳送下，每日两次。
治疗消渴病下部寒冷，小便浓白如淘米水，呕吐逆气不能进食。葶苈丸方
葶苈子（慢火炒制，另捣如膏状，一两半） 枳壳（去瓤，麸炒） 桂枝（去除粗皮） 羚羊角（镑片） 白茯苓（去除黑皮） 柴胡（去苗） 鳖甲（去除裙边，醋浸炙烤） 防风（去叉枝） 菟丝子（酒浸两个晚上，焙干炒制，另捣）
以上十二味药，捣碎过筛成为粉末，用炼蜜调和成药剂，用酥油涂抹药杵捣匀至熟透。制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用三十丸。空腹时饮酒送下。
治疗消渴病，饮水极多，肢体瘦弱。小便如米泔水，腰膝冷痛。其他方剂无法治愈者。山茱萸丸方
山茱萸 天花粉（栝蒌根，锉碎） 土瓜根（锉碎） 苦参 龙骨（细研，各一两半） 黄连（去须，三两半）
以上六味药，先将前五味药捣碎过筛，再加入龙骨，再次研磨均匀，用生栝蒌汁调和成药剂，用酥油涂抹药杵捣匀至熟透。制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用三十丸，饭后煎白茅根饮送下，每日三次。
治疗消渴病尿脂，小便如米泔水。肉苁蓉丸方
肉苁蓉（去除皱皮，酒浸切片焙干） 泽泻 五味子 巴戟天（去心） 当归（切片焙干） 地骨皮（各一两） 磁石（煨后醋淬七遍） 人参 赤石脂（各一两半） 韭子（炒制） 白龙骨 甘草（炙烤锉碎） 牡丹皮（各一两） 熟干地黄（焙干，一两） 禹余粮（三分） 桑螵蛸（炙烤，四十枚）
以上十六味药，捣碎过筛成为粉末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用二十丸，用牛乳送下，每日三次。
Commentary states: In Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome), excessive drinking of water over a long period leads to the leakage of lipids and the depletion of essence and fluids. These substances flow downward into the bladder, mix with urine becoming turbid, and are discharged as coagulated paste-like material along with urination; thus it is called "Xiao Ke with White Turbid Urine."
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with urine turbid like lipid: Shen Li Tang (Kidney Drip Decoction)
Caprae Caprae Ren (Goat Kidney, one piece, remove fat membrane and slice) Huangqi Radix Astragali (Astragalus Root, crushed) Dubroviae Cortex (Eucommia Bark, crushed and stir-fried) Schisandrae Fructus (Schisandra Fruit) Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Fresh Ginger, sliced, each 1.5 liang) Sheng Dihuang Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Prepared Rehmannia Root, dried by baking, 1 liang) Ginseng Radix (Ginseng Root, 0.5 liang) Jujubae Fructus (Jujube Fruit, five pieces, pitted) Magnetitum (Magnetite, 3 liang, crushed and wrapped in cotton cloth)
Take the above nine ingredients. Excluding the goat kidney and magnetite, crush the remaining herbs and divide into two doses. First, decoct the kidney and magnetite in four sheng of water until reduced to two sheng. Remove the kidney, then add the other herbs. Continue decocting to obtain eight ge of liquid. Strain the dregs and divide into two doses, taken warm before meals.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with dryness and withering of the fu and zang organs, dry mouth with desire to drink, and urine like lipid: Tie Fen Wan (Iron Powder Pill)
Ferri Pulvis (Iron Powder, ground, washed with water, dried, weighed 3 liang, ground again) Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum (Chicken Gizzard Lining, dried in shade, five pieces, roasted until cooked) Coptidis Rhizoma (Coptis Rhizome, remove stamens, 3 liang) Ostrea Concha (Oyster Shell, stir-fried and ground to powder, 2 liang)
Take the above four ingredients. First pound the first two into fine powder, sift them, then mix evenly with iron powder and oyster shell powder. Blend with refined honey to form a pill mass. Use su (animal fat) to coat the pestle, pound and knead until smooth and well-combined. Shape into pills the size of Chinese parasol tree seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, administered with millet drink decocted before meals. Gradually increase to 40 pills per dose.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with thick turbid urine like flour water, indicating Kidney Cold: Jin Ya Shi Tang (Gold Tooth Stone Decoction)
Jin Ya Shi (Gold Tooth Stone, crushed and ground) Houpu Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Magnolia Bark, remove rough skin, brush with fresh ginger juice and roast until cooked) Changpu Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Sweet Flag Rhizome, each 1.5 liang) Beimu Fritillariae Bulbus (Fritillaria Bulb, baked to remove heart, 1 liang) Tusizi Cuscutae Semen (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine for two nights, sun-dried, lightly stir-fried, separately pounded, each 0.5 liang)
Take the above nine ingredients. First pound the first eight into coarse powder, then add Jin Ya Shi and grind evenly. Take three qian bi per dose. Add two pitted jujubes to one sheng of water. Decoct until reduced to seven-tenths. Strain the dregs and take warm before morning and evening meals.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke where the patient can eat but drinks excessively, with urine resembling lipid bran flakes, day and night without restraint: Dong Gua Yin (Winter Melon Drink)
Donggua Benincasae Fructus (Winter Melon, one piece) Huanglian Coptidis Rhizoma (Coptis Rhizome, remove stamens, 10 liang, separately pounded into fine powder)
Take the above two ingredients. Cut open the winter melon, remove the pulp, and clean it. Stuff the Huanglian powder inside the melon. Cover with the melon top and bake in hot ashes until cooked. Peel off, finely chop, and mash thoroughly. Squeeze out the juice using a cloth. Take one to two zhan per dose, before meals. Administer three times during the day and twice at night.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with unceasing thirst, urine like lipid, dry tongue, and dry mouth: Huanglian Wan (Coptis Pill)
Huanglian Coptidis Rhizoma (Coptis Rhizome, remove stamens) Tianhuafen Trichosanthis Radix (Trichosanthes Root, each 5 liang)
Pound and sift the above two ingredients into powder. Blend with juice of fresh Shengdihuang Radix Rehmanniae (Rehmannia Root) to form a pill mass. In a stone mortar, use a wooden pestle coated with su to pound and knead until smooth and well-combined. Shape into pills the size of Chinese parasol tree seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, administered with cow's milk after meals, twice daily.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with cold in the lower body, thick white urine like rice wash water, vomiting, regurgitation, and inability to eat: Tingli Wan (Descurainia Seed Pill)
Tinglizi Descuraniae Semen (Descurainia Seed, stir-fried on low heat, separately pounded into paste, 1.5 liang) Zhike Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Immature Bitter Orange, remove pulp, stir-fried with bran) Guizhi Ramulus Cinnamomi (Cinnamon Twig, remove rough skin) Lingyangjiao Cornu Saigae Tataricae (Saiga Antelope Horn, shaved) Baifuling Poria (Poria, remove black skin) Chaihu Bupleuri Radix (Bupleurum Root, remove seedlings) Biejia Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis (Turtle Shell, remove skirt, soak in vinegar and roast) Fangfeng Saposhnikoviae Radix (Saposhnikovia Root, remove forked roots) Tusizi Cuscutae Semen (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine for two nights, baked dry, stir-fried, separately pounded)
Take the above twelve ingredients. Pound and sift into powder. Blend with refined honey to form a pill mass. Use su-coated pestle to pound and knead until smooth. Shape into pills the size of Chinese parasol tree seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, administered with wine on an empty stomach.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with excessive drinking, emaciated limbs, urine like rice wash water, cold pain in waist and knees, refractory to other formulas: Shanzhuyu Wan (Cornus Pill)
Shanzhuyu Corni Fructus (Cornus Fruit) Tianhuafen Trichosanthis Radix (Trichosanthes Root, crushed) Tuguaegen Trichosanthis Kirilowii Radix (Trichosanthes Kirilowii Root, crushed) Kushen Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Sophora Root) Longgu Os Draconis (Dragon Bone, finely ground, each 1.5 liang) Huanglian Coptidis Rhizoma (Coptis Rhizome, remove stamens, 3.5 liang)
Take the above six ingredients. First pound and sift the first five, then add Longgu and grind evenly. Blend with juice of fresh Tianhuafen to form a pill mass. Use su-coated pestle to pound and knead until smooth. Shape into pills the size of Chinese parasol tree seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, administered with decoction of Baimaogen Imperatae Rhizoma (Imperata Rhizome) after meals, three times daily.
Formula for treating Xiao Ke with lipiduria and urine like rice wash water: Roushangrong Wan (Cistanche Pill)
Roushangrong Cistanches Herba (Cistanche Herb, remove wrinkled skin, soak in wine, slice, and bake) Zexiae Rhizoma Alismatis (Alisma Rhizome) Wuweizi Schisandrae Fructus (Schisandra Fruit) Bajitian Morindae Officinalis Radix (Morinda Root, remove heart) Dangshui Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Angelica Sinensis Root, slice and bake) Digupi Cortex Lycii (Lycium Bark, each 1 liang) Cishi Magnetitum (Magnetite, baked and quenched in vinegar seven times) Renshen Ginseng Radix (Ginseng Root) Chishizhi Halloysit Rubra (Halloysite Red, each 1.5 liang) Jiuizi Allii Tuberosi Semen (Garlic Seed, stir-fried) Bailonggu Os Draconis (Dragon Bone) Ganliquorice Radix Glycyrrhizae (Licorice Root, roasted and crushed) Mudanpi Cortex Moutan (Tree Peony Bark, each 1 liang) Shudihuang Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Prepared Rehmannia Root, baked, 1 liang) Yuyuliang Haematitum (Haematite, 3 fen) Sangpiaoxiao Ovi Mantidis (Mantis Egg Case, roasted, 40 pieces)
Take the above sixteen ingredients. Pound and sift into powder. Blend with refined honey to form pills the size of Chinese parasol tree seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, administered with cow's milk, three times daily.