论曰脾土制水，通调水道，下输于膀胱，消渴饮水过度，内溃脾土，土不制水，故胃胀
则为腹满之疾也，内经谓水为阴，腹者至阴之所居，是以水饮之证，先见于腹满。
治消渴饮水不止，小便复涩，心腹连膀胱胀闷。胸膈烦热。槟榔汤方
槟榔（锉） 桑根白皮（锉） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 紫苏茎叶 木通（锉） 麦门冬（去
心焙各
上六味，粗捣筛，每服四钱匕，水一盏，入生姜半分切，葱白七寸，煎至六分，去滓不
计时候温服。
治久患消渴，小便数，服止小便药多，渴犹不止，小便复涩，两肋连膀胱胀满闷急。心
胸烦热。赤茯苓丸方
赤茯苓（去黑皮） 桑根白皮（锉） 防己 麦门冬（去心焙各一两半） 木香 郁李
仁（汤
上六味，先捣前五味，细罗为末，与郁李仁研令匀，炼蜜和为剂，更于铁臼内。酥杵令
匀熟，丸如梧桐子大，每日空腹、煎木通枣汤，下三十丸，至晚再服，渐加至五十丸。
治消渴饮水过多，心腹胀满，不能食。人参汤方
人参（一两） 桑根白皮（锉半两） 陈橘皮（一两汤浸去白焙） 半夏（汤洗七遍去
滑半两）
杷叶（去毛炙
各半两
上一十一味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入生姜半分，煎至六分去滓。不计时候温
服。）
治消渴，腹胁虚胀，心下满闷。旋复花汤方
旋复花（净择去茎叶微炒） 桑根白皮（锉各一两半） 紫苏（并嫩茎干者） 犀角（镑
各半
上六味，粗捣筛，每服七钱匕，水三盏，入枣二枚劈，生姜半分拍破，盐豉半匙，同煎
至一盏半，去滓分温三服，每食后一服，如人行十五里已来，更一服。
治消渴，饮水过多，心腹胀满，或胁肋间痛，腰腿沉重。人参汤方
人参 芍药（各一两） 大腹子（两枚慢灰火内煨锉） 葛根（锉） 赤茯苓（去黑皮）
黄芩
麸炒三分）
上一十味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入生姜如枣大拍破，煎至七分，去滓空心温
服，食后夜卧再服。
治消渴，饮水过多，心腹胀满。木香汤方
木香 枳壳（去瓤麸炒令黄色） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑焙干） 芍药 槟榔（灰火内煨
过锉
各半两） 人参 桑根白皮（锉） 黄 （锉） 草豆蔻（去皮各一两） 桂（去粗皮三分）
枇杷
叶（去毛涂蜜慢火炙一两）
上一十一味，粗捣筛，每服四钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜如枣大拍破，同煎至八分。去滓
食前服日三。
治消渴，喉干不可忍。饮水不止，腹满急胀。麦门冬汤方
麦门冬（去心焙），乌梅（去复选肉炒各二两）
上二味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至半盏，去滓食后温服。日三。
【论述】脾属土，能制约水液，疏通调节水道，使水液向下输送至膀胱。消渴病患者饮水过多，导致内部损伤脾土；脾土受损则无法制约水液，因此出现胃脘胀满，进而引发腹部胀满的疾病。《黄帝内经》指出，水属于阴邪，腹部是至阴之脏（脾、肾等）所居之处，所以水饮为患的病症，首先表现为腹部胀满。
治疗消渴病饮水不止，小便再次涩滞不畅，心腹及膀胱部位胀闷不适，胸膈部烦热。槟榔汤方：
槟榔（锉碎）、桑根白皮（锉碎）、赤茯苓（去除黑皮）、紫苏茎叶、木通（锉碎）、麦门冬（去除心后焙干），以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用四钱匕，加水一盏，放入生姜半分（切块），葱白七寸，煎煮至六分，去渣，不分时候温服。
治疗长期患有消渴病，小便频数，服用止小便的药物很多，但口渴仍然不止，小便再次涩滞，两肋连及膀胱部位胀满急迫，心胸烦热。赤茯苓丸方：
赤茯苓（去除黑皮）、桑根白皮（锉碎）、防己、麦门冬（去除心后焙干，各一两半）、木香、郁李仁（用汤浸），以上六味药，先将前五味药捣碎，细罗成粉末，与研匀的郁李仁混合，用炼蜜调和制成丸剂，再在铁臼内用酥油杵打均匀熟透，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每天空腹时，用木通枣汤送服三十丸，晚上再服一次，逐渐增加剂量至五十丸。
治疗消渴病饮水过多，心腹胀满，不能进食。人参汤方：
人参（一两）、桑根白皮（锉碎，半两）、陈橘皮（一两，用汤浸泡去除白瓤后焙干）、半夏（用汤洗七遍去除滑腻，半两）、枇杷叶（去毛炙，半两）。以上十一味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，放入生姜半分，煎煮至六分，去渣。不分时候温服。
治疗消渴病，腹胁部虚胀，心下部位满闷。旋复花汤方：
旋复花（净选去除茎叶，微炒）、桑根白皮（锉碎，各一两半）、紫苏（包括嫩茎和干者）、犀角（镑片，各半两）。以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用七钱匕，加水三盏，放入劈开的红枣二枚，拍破的生姜半分，盐豉半匙，同煎至一盏半，去渣，分三次温服。每顿饭后来一服，如果人行走十五里左右的时间，再服一服。
治疗消渴病，饮水过多，心腹胀满，或者胁肋间疼痛，腰腿沉重。人参汤方：
人参、芍药（各一两）、大腹子（两枚，在慢灰火中煨烤后锉碎）、葛根（锉碎）、赤茯苓（去除黑皮）、黄芩（麸炒，三分）。以上十味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，放入如枣大拍破的生姜，煎煮至七分，去渣，空腹温服，饭后及睡前再服。
治疗消渴病，饮水过多，心腹胀满。木香汤方：
木香、枳壳（去除瓤，麸炒至黄色）、半夏（用汤洗七遍去除滑腻后焙干）、芍药、槟榔（在灰火中煨过后锉碎，各半两）、人参、桑根白皮（锉碎）、黄芪（锉碎）、草豆蔻（去皮，各一两）、桂枝（去除粗皮，三分）、枇杷叶（去毛涂蜜，慢火炙，一两）。以上十一味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用四钱匕，加水一盏半，放入如枣大拍破的生姜，同煎至八分。去渣，饭前服用，每日三次。
治疗消渴病，喉咙干燥难以忍受，饮水不止，腹部胀满急迫。麦门冬汤方：
麦门冬（去除心后焙干）、乌梅（去核取肉炒，各二两）。以上两味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，煎煮至半盏，去渣，饭后温服。每日三次。
[Discussion] The Spleen, belonging to Earth, controls Water, unblocks and regulates the water passages, and transports water downward to the Bladder. In cases of Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome), excessive drinking internally damages the Spleen Earth; when Spleen Earth fails to control Water, Stomach distension occurs, leading to abdominal fullness. The *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon) states that Water is Yin, and the abdomen is the residence of the Supreme Yin organs; therefore, in disorders caused by Water-Fluid retention, abdominal fullness appears first.
**Binglang Tang (Betel Nut Decoction)**
Indications: Xiao Ke with incessant thirst, recurrent difficulty in urination, distension and oppression in the heart, abdomen, and Bladder, and irritability and heat in the chest and diaphragm.
Ingredients: Binglang (Arecae Semen, crushed), Sangbaipipi (Mori Cortex, crushed), Chifuling (Poria with Red Core, black skin removed), Zisujingye (Perillae Caulis et Folium), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, core removed and dried).
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve the above six herbs. Take 4 qianbi per dose, add 1 sheng of water, half a fen of sliced Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 7 cun of Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). Decoct until reduced to 0.6 sheng, strain, and take warm at any time.
**Chifuling Wan (Poria with Red Core Pill)**
Indications: Long-standing Xiao Ke, frequent urination, persistent thirst despite taking antidiuretic drugs, recurrent urinary difficulty, distension and urgency connecting the hypochondrium to the Bladder, and irritability and heat in the heart and chest.
Ingredients: Chifuling (Poria with Red Core, black skin removed), Sangbaipipi (Mori Cortex, crushed), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, core removed and dried, 1.5 liang each), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Yuliren (Pruni Semen, soaked in water).
Preparation: Coarsely crush the first five herbs, sift into fine powder, mix evenly with ground Yuliren, and bind with refined honey. Further pound in an iron mortar with Su (Butyrum) until uniform and cooked. Form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills on an empty stomach with Mutong Zao Tang (Decoction of Akebiae Caulis and Jujubae Fructus), and again in the evening. Gradually increase to 50 pills.
**Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction)**
Indications: Xiao Ke due to excessive drinking, heart and abdominal distension and fullness, inability to eat.
Ingredients: Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix, 1 liang), Sangbaipipi (Mori Cortex, crushed, 0.5 liang), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 liang, soaked in water, white pith removed, dried), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in water to remove slipperiness, 0.5 liang), Pipaye (Eriobotryae Folium, de-hired and roasted, 0.5 liang). [Note: Text mentions eleven flavors but lists fewer explicitly in this snippet structure, assuming standard preparation].
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve. Take 3 qianbi per dose, add 1 sheng of water and half a fen of Shengjiang. Decoct to 0.6 sheng, strain, and take warm at any time.
**Xuanfuhua Tang (Inula Flower Decoction)**
Indications: Xiao Ke, deficiency-type distension in the abdomen and hypochondrium, fullness and oppression below the heart.
Ingredients: Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, cleaned, stems and leaves removed, slightly roasted), Sangbaipipi (Mori Cortex, crushed, 1.5 liang each), Zisu (Perillae Caulis, tender stems and dried parts), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu, shaved, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve. Take 7 qianbi per dose, add 3 sheng of water, two split Zao (Jujubae Fructus), half a fen of smashed Shengjiang, and half a spoon of Yanchi (Fermented Soybean Paste). Decoct to 1.5 sheng, strain, and divide into three warm doses. Take one dose after each meal. If the patient has walked about fifteen li, take another dose.
**Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction)**
Indications: Xiao Ke due to excessive drinking, heart and abdominal distension and fullness, pain in the hypochondrium or ribs, and heaviness in the waist and legs.
Ingredients: Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 1 liang each), Dafuzi (Arecae Pericarpium, two pieces, roasted in slow ash fire and crushed), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, crushed), Chifuling (Poria with Red Core, black skin removed), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, bran-fried, 3 fen).
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve. Take 3 qianbi per dose, add 1 sheng of water and a piece of Shengjiang the size of a jujube (smashed). Decoct to 0.7 sheng, strain, and take warm on an empty stomach. Take again after meals and before sleep.
**Muxiang Tang (Aucklandia Decoction)**
Indications: Xiao Ke due to excessive drinking, heart and abdominal distension and fullness.
Ingredients: Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, pith removed, bran-fried to yellow), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times, dried), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen, roasted in ash fire and crushed, 0.5 liang each), Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix), Sangbaipipi (Mori Cortex, crushed), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, crushed), Caodoukou (Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen, peeled, 1 liang each), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, bark removed, 3 fen), Pipaye (Eriobotryae Folium, de-hired, coated with honey, slowly roasted, 1 liang).
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve. Take 4 qianbi per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water and a piece of Shengjiang the size of a jujube (smashed). Decoct to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take before meals. Three times daily.
**Maimendong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction)**
Indications: Xiao Ke, unbearable dryness of the throat, incessant drinking, and urgent abdominal distension.
Ingredients: Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, core removed and dried), Wumei (Mume Fructus, flesh selected and roasted, 2 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely crush and sieve. Take 3 qianbi per dose, add 1 sheng of water. Decoct to 0.5 sheng, strain, and take warm after meals. Three times daily.