论曰短气不足以呼吸者，肺虚也，倚息短气不能卧。其形如肿者，饮也，短气上喘。
气道促急者，肺虚而寒邪实也，如是者，不可概而论之。
治上气，咳逆喘息短气，蜀椒丸方
蜀椒（出目及闷口者炒出汗三两） 麦门冬（去心焙） 甘草（炙各五两） 远志（去
心） 桂（去粗皮） 细辛（去苗叶各三两） 附子（炮裂去皮脐一两半） 人参（四两） 干
姜（炮二两）
上九味，捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如弹子大，每服一丸。食前含化细咽之。喉中胸中当热，
药力稍尽，更进一丸，日三夜二服。
治气虚胸膈中寒热，短气不足，紫苏五味子汤方
紫苏茎叶（二两） 五味子（一两） 甘草（炙三分） 前胡（去芦头一两） 陈橘皮
（汤浸去白焙） 桂（去
上六味。粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜一枣大拍碎，枣二枚，煎至八分。去
滓温服日三。
治上气咽喉窒塞，短气不得卧，腰背痛满，不得食，面色萎黄，贝母汤方
贝母（一两） 桂（去粗皮） 麻黄（去根节） 石膏 甘草（炙各二两） 杏仁（汤
退去皮尖双仁炒三十枚） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑焙二两半）
上七味， 咀如麻子大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜五片，煎至八分，去滓温服。
日三。
治短气不足，理气丸方
杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒） 桂（去粗皮各一两） 益智仁（炒去皮） 干姜（炮裂各
二两）
上四味，除杏仁研外，捣罗为末，和匀炼蜜，丸如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，空心食前生
姜汤下。
治短气，姜麦汤方
生姜（切三两） 小麦（三合）
上二味，以水五盏，煎至三盏，分作两剂，去滓温服，良久再服。
治卒短气。紫苏汤方
紫苏茎叶（锉二两） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙半两）
上二味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，枣一枚劈破，酒一盏，煎至七分，去滓温服，日三。
治卒短气，枸杞汤方
枸杞
上一味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜一枣大切碎，煎至七分，去滓温服。日三
治气极喘甚，短乏不欲食。口燥咽干。竹叶汤方
竹叶 麦门冬（去心焙） 小麦 生地黄（各二两） 麻黄（去根节一两） 甘草（炙
半两） 石膏（二两
上七味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水二盏入生姜五大片，大枣三枚劈破，同煎至一
盏，去滓温服，不拘时，日夜共三服。
治肺实胸中短气，上焦壅滞，不思饮食，五味子汤方
五味子（一两） 木香（半两） 诃黎勒皮（一两） 甘草（炙半两） 前胡（去芦头）
陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙
上八味。粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜一块拍碎，枣二枚劈破，煎至八分。
去滓温服、日三。
治肺胃气虚。触冒风寒。短气喘促，眠睡不得。款气秘效丸方
苦葶苈（二两纸衬炒紫色别研为细末） 桑根白皮（炙黄锉三钱） 马兜铃根（去土一
两） 麻黄（去根节一分）
上四味。除葶苈外，捣罗为末，入葶苈研，拌令匀，煮枣肉为丸，如梧桐子大。每服二
十丸，煎阿胶皂子汤下。食后临卧服。
治胸胁短气妨闷，不下食，赤茯苓汤方
赤茯苓（去黑皮） 人参 前胡（去芦头） 桂（去粗皮各三分） 半夏（汤洗七遍去
滑焙） 柴胡（去苗
上七味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，枣二枚劈破，生姜五片，煎取七分，去滓温服，
食后。
治胸胁短气妨闷，不下食，木香丸方
木香 青橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 陈曲（炒） 诃黎勒（煨去核） 麦 （炒各半两） 莱
菔子（一分） 芜荑
上七味，捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸。如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，生姜汤下。
治胸胁短气妨闷，不下食，陈橘皮汤方
陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 柴胡（去苗各一两） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑） 枳壳（去瓤麸
炒） 诃黎勒皮（各
上八味，锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜五片，煎取七分，去滓温服。
论述说：呼吸短促、气息不足以维持正常呼吸的，是肺气虚弱所致；需要倚靠物体才能呼吸、因短气而无法平卧的，是水饮内停所致，身体外形看起来像浮肿一样，也是水饮为患，表现为短气并伴有上逆喘息。
气道急促紧急的，是肺气虚而寒邪实盛所致，像这样的情况，不能一概而论地对待。
治疗上气（气逆于上）、咳嗽气逆、喘息短气的蜀椒丸方：
蜀椒（选取开口及闭合口者，炒至出汗，三两） 麦门冬（去除心部，焙干） 甘草（炙制，各五两） 远志（去除心部） 桂枝（去除粗皮） 细辛（去除苗叶，各三两） 附子（炮裂后去皮脐，一两半） 人参（四两） 干姜（炮制，二两）
以上九味药，捣碎过筛成粉末，用炼蜜调和制成丸药，大小如弹子，每次服用一丸。饭前含在口中细细咽下。喉咙和胸部应当感到发热，药效稍尽时，再进服一丸，白天服三次，夜间服两次。
治疗气虚导致胸膈中寒热交错、短气不足的紫苏五味子汤方：
紫苏茎叶（二两） 五味子（一两） 甘草（炙制，三分） 前胡（去除芦头，一两） 陈橘皮（用汤浸泡后去除白色瓤，焙干） 桂枝（去除粗皮）
以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，加入生姜一块如枣大拍碎，大枣两枚，煎煮至八分满。滤去药渣，温服，每日三次。
治疗上气导致咽喉窒塞、短气无法平卧、腰背疼痛胀满、无法进食、面色萎黄的贝母汤方：
贝母（一两） 桂枝（去除粗皮） 麻黄（去除根节） 石膏 甘草（炙制，各二两） 杏仁（用汤退去皮尖的双仁杏仁，炒制三十枚） 半夏（用汤洗七遍去除滑腻，焙干，二两半）
以上七味药，切碎如麻子大小，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，加入生姜五片，煎煮至八分满，滤去药渣温服。每日三次。
治疗短气不足的理气丸方：
杏仁（用汤浸泡去皮尖的双仁杏仁，炒制） 桂枝（去除粗皮，各一两） 益智仁（炒制去皮） 干姜（炮裂，各二两）
以上四味药，除杏仁单独研碎外，其余捣碎过筛成粉末，混合均匀后用炼蜜调和，制成如梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用二十丸，空腹饭前用生姜汤送服。
治疗短气的姜麦汤方：
生姜（切片，三两） 小麦（三合）
以上两味药，用水五盏，煎煮至三盏，分为两份，滤去药渣温服，隔一段时间后再服。
治疗突然短气的紫苏汤方：
紫苏茎叶（锉碎，二两） 陈橘皮（用汤浸泡后去除白色瓤，焙干，半两）
以上两味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，大枣一枚劈破，酒一盏，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣温服，每日三次。
治疗突然短气的枸杞汤方：
枸杞
以上一味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，用水一盏，生姜一块如枣大切碎，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣温服。每日三次。
治疗气极喘甚、短乏不想进食、口燥咽干的竹叶汤方：
竹叶 麦门冬（去除心部，焙干） 小麦 生地黄（各二两） 麻黄（去除根节，一两） 甘草（炙制，半两） 石膏（二两）
以上七味药，切碎如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，用水二盏，加入生姜五大片，大枣三枚劈破，同煎至一盏，滤去药渣温服，不拘时间，日夜共服三次。
治疗肺实导致胸中短气、上焦壅滞、不思饮食的五味子汤方：
五味子（一两） 木香（半两） 诃黎勒皮（一两） 甘草（炙制，半两） 前胡（去除芦头） 陈橘皮（用汤浸泡后去除白色瓤，焙干）
以上八味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，加入生姜一块拍碎，大枣两枚劈破，煎煮至八分满。滤去药渣温服，每日三次。
治疗肺胃气虚，触犯风寒，导致短气喘促、睡眠不安的款气秘效丸方：
苦葶苈（二两，用纸衬炒至紫色，另外研为细末） 桑根白皮（炙黄锉碎，三钱） 马兜铃根（去除泥土，一两） 麻黄（去除根节，一分）
以上四味药，除葶苈外，捣碎过筛成粉末，加入葶苈粉研磨拌匀，用煮枣肉调和制成如梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用二十丸，用煎好的阿胶皂子汤送服。饭后临睡前服用。
治疗胸胁短气妨碍闷痛、不能进食的赤茯苓汤方：
赤茯苓（去除黑皮） 人参 前胡（去除芦头） 桂枝（去除粗皮，各三分） 半夏（用汤洗七遍去除滑腻，焙干） 柴胡（去除苗）
以上七味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，用水一盏，大枣两枚劈破，生姜五片，煎取七分，滤去药渣温服，饭后服用。
治疗胸胁短气妨碍闷痛、不能进食的木香丸方：
木香 青橘皮（用汤浸泡后去除白色瓤，焙干） 陈曲（炒制） 诃黎勒（煨制去核） 麦芽（炒制，各半两） 莱菔子（一分） 芜荑
以上七味药，捣碎过筛成粉末，用炼蜜调和制成如梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用二十丸，用生姜汤送服。
治疗胸胁短气妨碍闷痛、不能进食的陈橘皮汤方：
陈橘皮（用汤浸泡后去除白色瓤，焙干） 柴胡（去除苗，各一两） 半夏（用汤洗七遍去除滑腻） 枳壳（去除瓤，麸炒） 诃黎勒皮（各...）
以上八味药，锉碎如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，加入生姜五片，煎取七分，滤去药渣温服。
Discourse states: Shortness of breath with insufficient respiration is due to Lung Qi deficiency. Leaning on an object to breathe, shortness of breath preventing lying flat, and a body shape resembling edema are all caused by fluid retention (Yin). These conditions manifest as shortness of breath accompanied by upward panting.
When the airway is rapid and urgent, it indicates Lung deficiency combined with excess Cold pathogen. Such cases cannot be generalized or treated uniformly.
Formula for Shujiao Wan to treat Shangqi (Qi rebellion upwards), cough with qi reversal, panting, and shortness of breath:
Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper Fruit, selected from those with open or closed pores, stir-fried until moisture evaporates, 3 liang) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart, baked) Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, each 5 liang) Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, remove heart) Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) Xixin (Asari Radix, remove seedlings and leaves, each 3 liang) Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, roasted, cracked, remove skin and umbilicus, 1.5 liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 4 liang) Jiangjiang (Dried Ginger, roasted, 2 liang)
The above nine ingredients are crushed, sieved into powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose. Hold in the mouth before meals and swallow slowly. Heat should be felt in the throat and chest. When the medicinal effect begins to wane, take another pill. Take three times during the day and twice at night.
Formula for Zisu Wuweizi Tang to treat Qi deficiency causing alternating cold and heat in the chest and diaphragm, and insufficient shortness of breath:
Zisu Jingye (Perillae Caulis et Folium, 2 liang) Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang) Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 3 fen) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome, 1 liang) Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in water, remove white pith, baked) Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark)
The above six ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Take five qianbi per dose, with one dan and a half of water, add ginger root the size of a jujube smashed, and two jujubes. Decoct until eight parts remain. Strain and take warm, three times daily.
Formula for Beimu Tang to treat Shangqi causing throat obstruction, shortness of breath preventing lying flat, backache and fullness in the waist and back, inability to eat, and sallow complexion:
Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus, 1 liang) Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, each 2 liang) Xingren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, remove skin and pointed ends, double-kernel, fried, 30 pieces) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in water to remove slipperiness, baked, 2.5 liang)
The above seven ingredients are cut to the size of hemp seeds. Take five qianbi per dose, with one dan and a half of water, add five slices of ginger. Decoct until eight parts remain. Strain and take warm, three times daily.
Formula for Liqi Wan to treat insufficient shortness of breath:
Xingren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, remove skin and pointed ends, double-kernel, fried) Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark, each 1 liang) Yizhiren (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fructus, fried, remove skin) Jiangjiang (Dried Ginger, roasted, each 2 liang)
The above four ingredients, except for Xingren which is ground separately, are crushed, sieved into powder, mixed evenly, and bound with refined honey to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, with ginger decoction on an empty stomach before meals.
Formula for Jiangmai Tang to treat shortness of breath:
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger Slice, 3 liang) Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus, 3 he)
The above two ingredients are boiled in five zhan of water until three zhan remain. Divide into two doses. Strain and take warm. Take again after some time.
Formula for Zisu Tang to treat sudden shortness of breath:
Zisu Jingye (Perillae Caulis et Folium, chopped, 2 liang) Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in water, remove white pith, baked, 0.5 liang)
The above two ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Take three qianbi per dose, with one split jujube and one zhan of wine. Decoct until seven parts remain. Strain and take warm, three times daily.
Formula for Gouqi Tang to treat sudden shortness of breath:
Gouqi (Lycii Fructus)
The above single ingredient is coarsely crushed and sieved. Take three qianbi per dose, with one zhan of water and ginger root the size of a jujube chopped finely. Decoct until seven parts remain. Strain and take warm, three times daily.
Formula for Zhuye Tang to treat extreme Qi exhaustion with severe panting, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, dry mouth, and dry throat:
Zhuye (Bambusae Folium) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart, baked) Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus) Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, each 2 liang) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1 liang) Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 0.5 liang) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang)
The above seven ingredients are cut to the size of hemp or mustard seeds. Take five qianbi per dose, with two zhan of water, five large slices of ginger, and three split jujubes. Decoct until one zhan remains. Strain and take warm at any time, three times total during day and night.
Formula for Wuweizi Tang to treat Lung excess causing chest shortness of breath, upper Jiao stagnation, and lack of appetite:
Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang) Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 0.5 liang) Helilepi (Terminalia Chebulae Pericarpium, 1 liang) Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 0.5 liang) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome) Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in water, remove white pith, baked)
The above eight ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Take five qianbi per dose, with one dan and a half of water, add one piece of smashed ginger and two split jujubes. Decoct until eight parts remain. Strain and take warm, three times daily.
Formula for Kuanqi Mixiao Wan to treat Lung and Stomach Qi deficiency, exposure to Wind-Cold, resulting in shortness of breath, panting, and insomnia:
Kutingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen, 2 liang, fried on paper until purple, ground separately into fine powder) Sanggenbaipi (Mori Cortex, honey-roasted yellow, chopped, 3 qian) Maduolinggen (Aristolochiae Radix, remove soil, 1 liang) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove roots and nodes, 1 fen)
The above four ingredients, except Tingli, are crushed, sieved into powder. Mix with the ground Tingli powder evenly. Bind with cooked jujube flesh to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, with Ejiao soapberry decoction. Take after meals and before bed.
Formula for Chifuling Tang to treat shortness of breath in chest and hypochondrium causing oppression, and inability to eat:
Chifuling (Poria Cocos with Red Skin, remove black skin) Renshen (Ginseng Radix) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove rhizome) Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, remove coarse bark, each 3 fen) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in water to remove slipperiness, baked) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings)
The above seven ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Take three qianbi per dose, with one zhan of water, two split jujubes, and five slices of ginger. Decoct until seven parts remain. Strain and take warm after meals.
Formula for Muxiang Wan to treat shortness of breath in chest and hypochondrium causing oppression, and inability to eat:
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) Qingjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, soaked in water, remove white pith, baked) Chenqu (Fermented Medicinal Leaven, fried) Helile (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus, baked, remove pit) Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, fried, each 0.5 liang) Laifuzi (Raphani Semen, 1 fen) Wuyi (Myrobalan Myrobalanus Fructus)
The above seven ingredients are crushed, sieved into powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, with ginger decoction.
Formula for Chenjupi Tang to treat shortness of breath in chest and hypochondrium causing oppression, and inability to eat:
Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in water, remove white pith, baked) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings, each 1 liang) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in water to remove slipperiness) Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, remove pulp, bran-fried) Helilepi (Terminalia Chebulae Pericarpium, each...)
The above eight ingredients are chopped to the size of hemp or mustard seeds. Take five qianbi per dose, with one dan and a half of water and five slices of ginger. Decoct until seven parts remain. Strain and take warm.