半夏泻心汤
半夏（半升） 黄芩 干姜 甘草（炙） 人参（各二两） 黄连（一两） 大枣（十二枚）
水一斗，煮取六升，去渣再煎，取三升，温服─升，日三服。
方中行曰∶半夏、干姜，辛以散虚满之痞。黄芩、黄连，苦以泄心膈之热。人参、甘草，甘以益下后之虚。大
枣甘温，润以滋脾胃之液。曰泻心者，言满在心膈，而不在胃也。
小陷胸汤
栝蒌实（大者一枚） 黄连（一两） 半夏（半升）
水六升，先煮栝蒌，取三升，去滓内诸药，煮取二升，去滓分温二服。
邹润安曰∶观仲景之用栝蒌实，在此汤曰小结胸。正在心下，按之则痛，在栝蒌、薤白白酒汤，曰喘息咳唾，
胸背痛短气。而其脉一则曰浮滑，一则曰寸口沉迟，关上小紧数，是皆阴中有阳，且踞于阳位者也。夫胸背痛，
较按之方痛则甚，痹则较结为轻。咳唾喘息，是其势为上冲，而居于心下，按之才痛，似反静而不动，此其机总
缘气与饮相阻，寒与热相纠，热甚于寒者，其束缚反急而为结，寒甚于热者，其蔽塞自盛而为痹，是故结胸之病
伏，胸痹之病散，伏者宜开，散者且行，故一则佐以连夏之逐饮泄热，一则佐以薤酒之滑利通阳。栝蒌实之裹无
形攒聚有形，使之滑润而下则同，能使之下，似是治实之方，仅能使之下，不能使其必通，又非纯乎治实之道矣，
何以知不能使之必通？盖有停饮，痛甚至不得卧，即当加半夏。若兼胸满胁下逆抢心，则仍加枳、朴、桂枝，倘
竟能通，又何必如是哉！是知栝蒌实之治，大旨在火与痰结于阳位，不纯乎虚，亦不纯乎实者，皆能裹之而下，此
其擅长矣。
半夏泻心汤
半夏（半升） 黄芩 干姜 甘草（炙） 人参（各二两） 黄连（一两） 大枣（十二枚）
用水一斗，煮至剩余六升，滤去药渣后再次煎煮，取三升药液，每次温服一升，每日服用三次。
方中行说：半夏、干姜，味辛能疏散因虚而致的痞满；黄芩、黄连，味苦能清泄心膈间的热邪；人参、甘草，味甘能补益攻下后的虚弱；大枣味甘性温，能滋润脾胃的津液。所谓“泻心”，是指病位在心膈部的胀满，而非在胃中。
小陷胸汤
栝蒌实（大者一枚） 黄连（一两） 半夏（半升）
用水六升，先煮栝蒌，取三升药液，去掉药渣后加入其他药物，再煮至剩余二升，滤去药渣，分两次温服。
邹润安说：看张仲景使用栝蒌实，在此方中称为小结胸证，病位正在心下部，按压才会疼痛；在栝蒌薤白白酒汤中，症状是喘息咳唾，胸背疼痛，气短。其脉象一种说是浮滑，一种说是寸口沉迟，关上脉小紧数，这都是阴中有阳，且病位居于阳位的情况。胸背疼痛，比按压才痛的程度更重；痹证比结胸证病情较轻。咳唾喘息，说明病势向上冲逆，而病位居于心下部，只有按压才痛，似乎反而静止不动，这其中的机理总归是因为气与饮邪相互阻隔，寒与热相互纠结。热重于寒的，束缚反而紧急而形成结胸；寒重于热的，蔽塞自然盛大而形成胸痹。所以结胸证的病势潜伏，胸痹证的病势发散。潜伏的病适宜开通，发散的病适宜行散。因此，一方佐以黄连、半夏来逐饮泄热，另一方佐以薤白、白酒来滑利通阳。栝蒌实包裹无形的痰浊，聚集有形的邪气，使其滑润而下，这一点是相同的。能使邪气下行，看似是治疗实证的方法，但仅仅能使之下行，不能保证必然通畅，这又不是纯粹治疗实证的方法了。怎么知道不能保证必然通畅呢？如果有停饮，疼痛严重到无法躺卧，就应当加用半夏。如果兼有胸满胁下之气上逆抢心，则仍应加用枳实、厚朴、桂枝。如果真的能够完全通畅，又何必如此呢！由此可知，栝蒌实的疗效，主要在于火与痰结聚于阳位，既非纯虚，也非纯实的情况，都能将其包裹并引导下行，这是它的专长所在。
Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, half sheng) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Melle, roasted), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) — each two liang; Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, one liang); Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, twelve pieces).
Add ten dou of water, decoct until six sheng remain, remove the dregs, and decoct again until three sheng are obtained. Take one sheng warm, three times a day.
Fang Xingzhong stated: Banxia and Ganjiang are acrid and disperse the epigastric fullness caused by deficiency. Huangqin and Huanglian are bitter and drain the heat in the heart and diaphragm. Renshen and Gancao are sweet and tonify the deficiency following purgation. Dazao is sweet and warm, moistening and nourishing the fluids of the spleen and stomach. The term "Xiexin" (Draining the Heart) refers to the fact that the fullness is located in the heart and diaphragm region, not in the stomach.
Xiao Xianxiong Tang (Small Trap for the Chest Decoction)
Gualou Shi (Trichosanthis Fructus, one large piece); Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, one liang); Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, half sheng).
Add six sheng of water, first decoct Gualou until three sheng remain, remove the dregs, add the other herbs, and decoct until two sheng remain. Remove the dregs and divide into two doses to be taken warm.
Zou Run'an stated: Observing Zhang Zhongjing's use of Gualou Shi, in this formula it is indicated for Xiaojie Xiong (Minor Chest Bind), where the location is precisely at the epigastrium, and pain occurs only upon pressure. In the Gualou Xiebai Jiuba Tang (Trichosanthes, Allium, and Rice Wine Decoction), the symptoms are wheezing, coughing with sputum, chest and back pain, and shortness of breath. The pulse in the former is described as floating and slippery, while in the latter, the cunkou (radial artery at the wrist) pulse is deep and slow, and the guan (middle) position is small, tight, and rapid. These indicate that yin contains yang, and the pathology resides in yang positions. Chest and back pain is more severe than pain only upon pressure; Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome) is milder than Jie Xiong (Chest Bind). Wheezing and coughing with sputum indicate that the pathogenic factor tends to rush upward, whereas the pathology in the epigastrium causing pain only upon pressure seems relatively static. The mechanism generally stems from qi and fluid retention obstructing each other, and cold and heat entangling each other. When heat exceeds cold, the binding becomes tight, forming Jie Xiong; when cold exceeds heat, the obstruction becomes prominent, forming Xiong Bi (Chest Bi). Thus, the pathology of Jie Xiong is latent (fu), while that of Xiong Bi is dispersed (san). Latent conditions should be opened up, and dispersed conditions should be moved. Therefore, one formula uses Huanglian and Banxia to expel fluid retention and drain heat, while the other uses Xiebai and wine to lubricate and unblock yang. Gualou Shi wraps around formless phlegm and gathers有形 (formable) pathogens, facilitating their smooth descent; this function is common to both. While it enables downward movement, resembling a treatment for excess patterns, merely enabling descent does not guarantee free flow, so it is not purely a method for treating excess. How do we know it does not guarantee free flow? If there is retained fluid causing severe pain preventing lying down, Banxia should be added. If accompanied by chest fullness and rebellious qi rushing from the hypochondrium to the heart, Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), and Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) should still be added. If complete unblocking were achieved, would such additions be necessary? Thus, it is known that the main efficacy of Gualou Shi lies in cases where fire and phlegm bind in yang positions, which are neither purely deficient nor purely excess, allowing it to wrap and guide them downward. This is its specialty.