治小儿变蒸，发热不解，并挟伤寒温壮，汗后热不歇，及腹中有痰癖，哺乳不进，乳
则吐 ，食痫，先寒后热方。
代赭 赤石脂（各一两） 巴豆（三十枚） 杏仁（五十枚）
上四味为末，巴豆、杏仁别研为膏，相和，更捣二千杵，当自相得，若硬，入少蜜同捣
之，密器中收。三十日儿服如麻子一丸，与少乳汁令下，食顷后，与少乳勿令多，至日中当
小下热除。若未全除，明旦更与一丸。百日儿服如小豆一丸，以此准量增减。夏月多热，善
令发疹，二三十日辄一服佳。紫丸无所不疗，虽下不虚人。
治小儿变蒸中挟时行温病，或非变蒸时而得时行者方。
麻黄 杏仁（各半两） 大黄（六铢）
上三味，先捣麻黄大黄为散，别研杏仁如脂，乃细细纳散，又捣，令调和纳密器中。一
月儿服小豆大一枚，以乳汁和服，抱令得汗，汗出温粉粉之，勿使见风。百日儿服如枣核，
以儿大小量之。
凡乳母者，其血气为乳汁也。五情善恶，悉是血气所生也。其乳儿者，皆宜慎于喜怒。
夫乳母形色所宜，其候甚多，不可求备。但取不胡臭、瘿 、气嗽、 疥、痴癃、白秃、
疡、沈唇、耳聋、 鼻、癫痫，无此等疾者，便可饮儿也。师见其故灸瘢，便知其先疾之源
也。
（论二首 凡十二事 相儿寿夭法）
论曰∶小儿初生，先以绵裹指，拭儿口中及舌上青泥恶血，此为之玉衡。（一作衔。）若
不急拭，啼声一发，即入腹成百疾矣。
儿生落地不作声者，取暖水一器灌之，须臾当啼。儿生不作声者，此由难产少气故也，
可取儿脐带向身却捋之，令气入腹，仍呵之至百度，啼声自发；亦可以葱白徐徐鞭之，即啼。
儿已生即当举之，举之迟晚，则令中寒，腹内雷鸣，乃先浴之，然后断脐，不得以刀割
之，须令人隔单衣物咬断，兼以暖气呵七遍，然后缠结。所留脐带，令至儿足趺上，短则中
寒，令儿腹中不调，常下痢。若先断脐，然后浴者，脐中水，脐中水则发腹痛。其脐断讫，
连脐带中多有虫，宜急剔拨去之，不尔入儿腹成疾。断儿脐者，当令长六寸，长则伤肌，短
则伤脏，不以时断。若 汁不尽，则暖气渐微，自生寒，令儿脐风。
生男宜用其父旧衣裹之，生女宜用其母故衣，皆勿用新帛为善，不可令衣过浓，令儿伤
皮肤，害血脉，发杂疮而黄，儿衣绵帛特忌浓热，慎之慎之。凡小儿始生，肌肤未成，不可
暖衣，暖衣则令筋骨缓弱，宜时见风日，若都不见风，则令肌肤脆软，便宜中伤，皆当以故
絮衣之，勿用新绵也。凡天和暖无风之时，令母将儿于日中嬉戏，数见风日，则血凝气刚，
肌肉牢密，堪耐风寒，不致疾病。若常藏在帏帐之中，重衣温暖，譬犹阴地之草木，不见风
日，软脆不堪风寒也。
凡裹脐法，椎治白练令柔软，方四寸，新绵浓半寸，与帛等合之，调其缓急，急则令儿
吐。儿生二十日，乃解视脐。若十许日儿怒啼，似衣中有刺者，此或脐燥，还刺其腹，当
解之易衣更裹。裹脐时闭户下帐，燃火令帐中温暖，换衣亦然，仍以温粉粉之，此谓冬时寒
也。若不愈，烧绛帛末粉之。若过一月脐有汁不愈，烧虾蟆灰粉之，日三四次。若脐中水及
中冷，则令儿腹绞痛，夭纠啼呼，面目青黑，此是中水之过，当炙粉絮以熨之，不时治护。
脐至肿者当随轻重，重者便灸之，乃可至八九十壮，轻者脐不大肿，但出汁。时时啼呼者，
捣当归末和胡粉敷之，炙絮日熨之，至百日愈，以啼呼止为候。若儿粪青者冷也，与脐中水
同。
儿洗浴断脐竟 抱毕，未可与朱蜜，宜与甘草汤。以甘草如手中指一节许，打碎，以水
二合煮，取一合，以绵缠沾取，与儿吮之，连吮汁，计得一蚬壳入腹止，儿当快吐，吐去心
胸中恶汁也。如得吐，余药更不须与。若不得吐，可消息计如饥渴，须臾更与之若前。所服
及更与并不得吐者，但稍稍与之，令尽此一合止。如得吐去恶汁，令儿心神智能无病也。饮
一合尽都不吐者，是儿不含恶血耳，勿复与甘草汤，乃可与朱蜜以镇心神，安魂魄也。
儿新生三日中，与朱蜜者不宜多，多则冷儿，脾胃冷腹胀，喜阴痫，气急变噤痉而死。
新生与朱蜜法，以飞炼朱砂如大豆许，以赤蜜一蚬壳和之，以绵缠箸头沾取，与儿吮之，得
三沾止，一日令尽此一豆许，可三日与之，则用三豆许也，勿过此，则伤儿也。与朱蜜竟，
可与牛黄如朱蜜多少也，牛黄益肝胆除热，定精神止惊，辟恶气，除小儿百病也。
新生三日后，应开肠胃，助谷神，可研米作浓饮，如乳酪浓薄，以豆大与儿咽之，频咽
三豆许止，日三与之，满七日可与哺也。儿生十日始哺如枣核，二十日倍之，五十日如弹丸，
百
儿不胜谷气，令生病，头面身体喜生疮，愈而复发，令儿 弱难养。三十日后虽哺勿多，若
不嗜食，勿强与之，强与之不消，复生疾病。哺乳不进者，腹中皆有痰癖也，当以四物紫丸
微下，节哺乳，数日便自愈。小儿微寒热，亦当尔利之，要当下之，然后乃瘥。
凡乳儿不欲太饱，饱则呕吐，每候儿吐者，乳太饱也，以空乳乳之即消，日四。乳儿若
脐未愈，乳儿太饱，令风中脐也。夏不去热乳，令儿呕逆；冬不去寒乳，令儿咳痢。母新房
以乳儿，令儿羸瘦，交胫不能行。母有热以乳儿，令变黄不能食。母怒以乳儿，令喜惊发气
疝，又令上气疝癫狂。母新吐下以乳儿，令虚羸。母醉以乳儿，令身热腹满。
凡新生小儿，一月内常饮猪乳，大佳。
凡乳母乳儿，当先极 ，散其热气，勿令汁奔出，令儿噎，辄夺其乳，令得息，息已，
复乳之，如是十返五返，视儿饥饱，节度，知一日中几乳而足，以为常。又常捉去宿乳。儿
若卧，乳母当以臂枕之，令乳与儿头平乃乳之，令儿不噎。母欲寐则夺其乳，恐填口鼻，又
不知饥饱也。
浴儿法∶
凡浴小儿汤极须令冷热调和，冷热失所，令儿惊，亦致五脏之疾也。凡儿冬不可久浴，
浴久则伤寒。夏不可久浴，浴久则伤热。数浴背冷，则发痫。若不浴，又令儿毛落。新生浴
儿者，以猪胆一枚，取汁投汤中以浴儿，终身不患疮疥。勿以杂水浴之。
儿生三日，宜用桃根汤浴，桃根、梅根、李根各二两，枝亦得， 咀，以水三斗煮二十
沸，去滓，浴儿，良，去不祥，令儿终身无疮疥。
治小儿惊，辟恶气，以艾虎汤浴，艾一斤，虎头骨一枚，以水三斗煮为汤浴，但须浴则
煮用之。
凡小儿初出腹有鹅口者，其舌上有白屑如米，剧者鼻中亦有之，此由儿在胞胎中受谷气
盛故也，或妊娠时嗜糯米使之然。治之之法以发缠箸头沾井花水撩拭之，三日如此，便脱去，
如不脱，可煮栗 汁，令浓，以绵缠箸头拭之。若春夏无栗 ，可煮栗木皮，如用井花水法。
小儿初出腹有连舌，舌下有膜如石榴子中隔连其舌下，后喜令儿言语不发不转也，可以
爪摘断之，微有血出无害；若血出不止，可烧发作灰末敷之，血便止也。
小儿出腹六七日后，其血气收敛成肉，则口舌喉颊里清净也。若喉里舌上有物，如芦箨
盛水状者，若悬痈有胀起者，可以绵缠长针，留刃处如粟米许大，以刺决之，令气泄，去青
黄赤血汁也，一刺之止消息，一日未消者，来日又刺之，不过三刺，自消尽，余小小未消，
三刺亦止，自然得消也。有着舌下如此者，名重舌。有着颊里及上 如此者，名重 。有着
齿龈上者，名重龈。皆刺去血汁也。
小儿生辄死，治之法∶
当候视儿口中悬雍前上 有泡者，以指摘取头决，令溃去血，勿令血入咽，入咽杀儿，
急急慎之。小儿初出腹，骨肉未敛，肌肉犹是血也，血凝乃坚成肌肉耳，其血沮败不成肌肉，
则使面目绕鼻口左右悉黄而啼，闭目聚口撮面，口中干燥，四肢不能伸缩者，皆是血脉不敛
也，喜不育。若有如此者，皆宜与龙胆汤也。（方出本卷惊痫篇。）
相儿寿夭法∶
儿初生叫声连延相属者，寿。
声绝而复扬急者，不寿。
啼声散，不成人。
啼声深，不成人。
脐中无血者，好。
脐小者，不寿。
通身软弱如无骨者，不寿。
鲜白长大者，寿。
自开目者，不成人。
目视不正数动者，大非佳。
汗血者，多厄不寿。
汗不流，不成人。
小便凝如脂膏，不成人。
头四破，不成人。
常摇手足者，不成人。
早坐、早行、早齿、早语，皆恶性，非佳人。
头毛不周匝者，不成人。
发稀少者强，不听人（一作不聪）。
额上有旋毛，早贵，妨父母。
儿生枕骨不成者，能言而死。
尻骨不成者，能倨而死。
掌骨不成者，能匍匐而死。
踵骨不成者，能行而死。
膑骨不成者，能立而死。
身不收者，死。
鱼口者，死。
股间无生肉者，死。
颐下破者，死。
阴不起者，死。
阴囊下白者，死；赤者，死。
卵缝通达黑者，寿。
论曰∶儿三岁以上，十岁以下，视其性气高下，即可知其夭寿大略。儿小时识悟通敏过
人者，多夭，大则顶 、颜回之流是也。小儿骨法成就威仪回转迟舒稍费人精神雕琢者，寿
。其预知人意回旋敏速者，亦夭。即杨修、孔融之徒是也。由此观之，夭寿大略可知也，亦
犹梅花早发不睹岁寒，甘菊晚成终于年事，是知晚成者，寿之兆也。
治疗小儿变蒸（婴儿生长发育过程中出现的生理性发热现象），发热不退，并兼夹伤寒或温病高热，发汗后热势仍未消退，以及腹中有痰饮积聚癖块，哺乳困难，吃奶即吐，食痫（因饮食不当引发的癫痫样症状），先寒后热的方剂。
代赭石、赤石脂（各一两）、巴豆（三十枚）、杏仁（五十枚）。
以上四味药研成细末，将巴豆和杏仁分别研磨成膏状，混合在一起，再捣两千杵，直到药物自然融合均匀；如果药团太硬，加入少量蜂蜜继续捣匀，装入密封容器中保存。三十天大的婴儿服用如麻子大小的一丸，喂少量乳汁送服，进食片刻后，再喂少量乳汁，不要过多，到中午时分应当轻微腹泻，热邪随之消除。如果热邪未完全清除，第二天早晨再给服一丸。一百天大的婴儿服用如小豆大小的一丸，以此类推根据月龄增减剂量。夏季天气炎热，容易使孩子出疹子，建议每二三十天服用一次为宜。紫丸功效广泛，虽为泻下之剂但不会损伤正气。
治疗小儿在变蒸期间兼夹时行温病（流行性温热疾病），或者非变蒸时期感染时行温病的方剂。
麻黄、杏仁（各半两）、大黄（六铢）。
以上三味药，先将麻黄和大黄捣碎成散剂，另外将杏仁研磨如脂状，然后细细加入散剂中，再次捣匀，装入密封容器中。一个月大的婴儿服用如小豆大小的一枚，用乳汁调和送服，抱紧孩子使其出汗，出汗后用温粉扑身，注意不要让风吹到。一百天大的婴儿服用如枣核大小，根据婴儿体型大小酌情增减。
凡是乳母，其气血转化为乳汁。母亲的情绪善恶，都是由气血状态所决定的。因此，哺乳的母亲在喜怒情绪上都应当谨慎。
适合做乳母的体态特征有很多要求，不可能求全责备。只要没有狐臭、瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大等颈部肿块）、气嗽（气喘咳嗽）、疥疮、痴癃（皮肤病及排尿障碍）、白秃（头部脱发性疾病）、疡疮、重唇、耳聋、鼽衄（鼻塞流鼻血）、癫痫等疾病的人，就可以给孩子喂奶。医生看到她身上原有的灸治疤痕，就能知道她以前患过什么疾病的根源。
（论述两篇 共十二件事 相儿寿夭法——通过观察判断婴儿寿命长短的方法）
论述说：婴儿刚出生，先用棉絮包裹手指，擦拭婴儿口腔内及舌面上的青泥恶血，这称为“玉衡”（一作“衔”）。如果不及时擦拭，一旦啼哭一声，这些污物就会进入腹部，导致百病丛生。
婴儿出生后落地不哭的，取一盆温水灌入口中，片刻之后应该会啼哭。婴儿出生不哭，这是因为难产导致元气不足，可以握住婴儿的脐带向身体方向捋动，使气息进入腹部，同时对着婴儿呵气至百次，啼哭声自然会发出；也可以用葱白轻轻拍打婴儿，婴儿随即会啼哭。
婴儿出生后应当立即抱起，如果抱起太晚，会导致受寒，腹内肠鸣，这时应先给婴儿洗澡，然后再断脐带，不能用刀割断，必须让人隔着单层衣物咬断，并用暖气呵七遍，然后再缠绕打结。留下的脐带长度应延伸至婴儿脚背处，如果剪得太短会导致受寒，引起婴儿腹部不调，经常腹泻痢疾。如果先断脐带再洗澡，水进入脐部，会导致腹痛。脐带切断后，连接处的脐带中往往有虫，应立即剔除去除，否则虫子进入婴儿腹部会致病。切断婴儿脐带时，长度应定为六寸，太长会损伤肌肉，太短会损伤内脏，且不能不及时断脐。如果脐汁排不尽，阳气逐渐微弱，自生寒气，导致婴儿患脐风病。
生男孩宜用父亲旧衣服包裹，生女孩宜用母亲旧衣服包裹，都不要用新丝绸，这是好的做法，不可让衣服过于厚重，以免损伤皮肤，妨害血脉，引发各种疮疡黄疸，婴儿穿衣特别忌讳浓热，务必谨慎。凡是新生儿，肌肤尚未长成，不可穿暖衣，穿暖衣会使筋骨松弛软弱，应该时常接触风和日光，如果完全不接触风日，会使肌肤脆软，容易受到外邪伤害，都应当用旧的丝绵衣物包裹，不要用新丝绵。凡是天气温和无风的时候，让母亲抱着孩子在阳光下嬉戏，多次接触风日，则血液凝固、气机刚强，肌肉坚实紧密，能够耐受风寒，不会导致疾病。如果常藏在帷帐之中，层层穿衣保暖，就像阴地里的草木，不见风日，柔软脆弱不堪风寒侵袭。
凡包裹脐带的做法，将白色熟绢捶打至柔软，裁成四方寸大小，上面铺半寸厚的新绵，与绢布厚度相等，调节松紧适度，太紧会让婴儿呕吐。婴儿出生二十天后，解开查看脐部。如果十几天左右婴儿愤怒啼哭，好像衣服里有刺一样，这可能是脐部干燥，回刺腹部，应当解开更换衣物重新包裹。包裹脐带时要关闭门窗放下帐幕，点燃灯火使帐中温暖，换衣也是如此，仍要用温粉扑身，这是指冬季寒冷时的做法。如果不好转，烧红绢末扑在上面。如果超过一个月脐部仍有分泌物不愈，烧蟾蜍灰扑在上面，每天三四次。如果脐部进水及受冷，会导致婴儿腹部绞痛，屈曲啼哭，面目青黑，这是进水的过错，应当用温热的丝绵熨烫，如果不及时治疗和护理，脐部肿胀者应根据轻重处理，重的就施灸，甚至可达八九十个艾炷，轻的脐部不肿，只是流出液体。经常啼哭的，捣当归末混合胡粉敷贴，用炙热的丝绵每日熨烫，到一百天痊愈，以啼哭停止为标志。如果婴儿粪便呈青色，是寒气所致，与脐部进水相同。
婴儿洗浴断脐完毕抱起后，暂时不要给予朱蜜（朱砂蜜），宜给予甘草汤。取如手中指一节长的甘草，打碎，用水二合煮取一合，用棉絮缠绕蘸取汁液，让婴儿吮吸，连续吮吸汁液，共计摄入一蚬壳量为止，婴儿应当畅快吐出，吐出心胸中的恶浊汁液。如果已经吐出，剩下的药就不必再喂。如果不能吐出，可斟酌时机，待婴儿感到饥渴时，片刻后再像之前那样给予。服用后及再次给予均不能吐出的，只需少量多次给予，直到喝完这一合为止。如果吐出恶浊汁液，能使婴儿心神智能不受病邪侵害。喝下一合完全没有吐出的，是婴儿不含恶血的表现，不要再给甘草汤，才可以给予朱蜜来镇安心神，安定魂魄。
新生儿前三天，给予朱蜜不宜过多，过多会使婴儿脾胃受冷腹胀，喜欢患阴痫，气急变成噤痉而死。
新生儿给予朱蜜的方法，取飞炼过的朱砂如大豆大小，用赤蜜一蚬壳调和，用棉絮缠绕筷子头蘸取，让婴儿吮吸，得三沾为止，一天内吃完这一豆许的量，可以分三天给予，则总共用三豆许的量，不要超过这个量，否则会伤害婴儿。给予朱蜜结束后，可以给予牛黄，用量与朱蜜相当，牛黄能益肝胆、除热、定精神、止惊、辟恶气，能消除婴儿的各种疾病。
新生儿三天后，应当开通肠胃，帮助谷神（脾胃消化功能），可以研磨米制成浓稠的米饮，浓度如乳酪般浓薄，每次给婴儿吞咽如豆子大小的量，频繁吞咽三次约三豆许为止，每天三次，满七天后可以开始喂食辅食。婴儿出生十天开始喂食如枣核大小，二十天加倍，五十天如弹丸大小，一百天……（原文此处似有缺漏，依上下文意应为继续增加食量）。婴儿不胜任谷物之气，会导致生病，头面身体容易生疮，好了又复发，使婴儿虚弱难养。三十天后虽然喂食也不要过多，如果不爱吃，不要强迫喂食，强迫喂食消化不良，又会生出疾病。哺乳不进者，腹中皆有痰饮积聚，应当用四物紫丸轻微通下，节制哺乳，数日后便会自愈。婴儿微寒微热，也应当利导通下，必须要通下，然后才能痊愈。
凡是哺乳婴儿不要喂得太饱，太饱则会呕吐，每当观察到婴儿呕吐，是因为奶太饱了，用空乳房哺乳即可消散，每天四次。哺乳如果脐带未愈合，哺乳太饱，会导致风邪侵入脐部。夏天不除去热性的乳汁，会导致婴儿呕吐逆乱；冬天不除去寒性的乳汁，会导致婴儿咳嗽痢疾。母亲刚过性生活就哺乳，会导致婴儿消瘦，双腿交叉不能行走。母亲有热症而哺乳，会导致婴儿变黄不能进食。母亲生气而哺乳，会导致婴儿易惊发气疝，又会上气疝癫狂。母亲刚吐泻完而哺乳，会导致婴儿虚羸。母亲醉酒而哺乳，会导致婴儿身热腹满。
凡是新生儿，一个月内常饮猪乳，非常好。
凡是乳母哺乳婴儿，应当先极度按摩乳房，散去热气，不要让乳汁奔涌而出，导致婴儿噎住，随时夺去乳头，让婴儿休息，休息好后，再哺乳，如此反复十次五次，观察婴儿饥饱情况，掌握节度，知道一天中几次哺乳才足够，以此为常规。又常要挤去宿乳（残留乳汁）。如果婴儿躺着，乳母应当用手臂枕着婴儿，使乳房与婴儿头部平齐再哺乳，防止婴儿噎住。母亲想睡觉时就夺去乳头，恐怕堵塞口鼻，而且不知道婴儿饥饱情况。
给婴儿洗澡的方法：
凡是给小儿洗澡的水极须冷热调和，冷热失当，会导致婴儿受惊，也会引发五脏疾病。凡是婴儿冬天不可久浴，久浴则伤于寒邪。夏天不可久浴，久浴则伤于热邪。多次洗澡背部发冷，则会引发癫痫。如果不洗澡，又会导致婴儿毛发脱落。新生儿洗澡，用一枚猪胆，取胆汁投入汤水中给婴儿洗澡，终身不会患疮疥。不要用杂水洗澡。
婴儿出生三天，宜用桃根汤洗澡，桃根、梅根、李根各二两，树枝也可以，切碎，用水三斗煮二十沸，去渣，给婴儿洗澡，很好，可以去不祥，令婴儿终身无疮疥。
治疗小儿惊悸，辟除恶气，用艾虎汤洗澡，艾叶一斤，虎头骨一枚，用水三斗煮成汤洗澡，只要需要洗澡就煮好使用。
凡是小儿初生有鹅口疮的，其舌上有白屑如米粒，严重的鼻中也有，这是由于婴儿在胞胎中受谷气盛的原因，或者是妊娠时嗜食糯米导致的。治疗的方法是用头发缠在筷子头上蘸井花水撩拭，三天如此，白屑就会脱落，如果不脱落，可以煮栗子汁，使其浓稠，用棉絮缠筷子头擦拭。如果春夏无栗子，可以煮栗树皮，用法同井花水。
小儿初生有连舌症，舌下有膜如石榴子中隔相连连着舌头下面，后来会导致婴儿言语不清或不发声，可以用指甲掐断，微微出血无害；如果血流不止，可以烧头发成灰末敷上，血便停止。
小儿出生六七日后，其血气收敛成肉，则口舌喉颊里清净。如果喉里舌上有物，如芦箨盛水状，若悬痈有胀起者，可以用棉絮缠绕长针，留出刃处如粟米大小，刺破它，使气体泄出，去除青黄赤血汁，刺一次后观察，一天未消的，第二天再刺，不超过三次，自然消除，其余小的未消，刺三次也停止，自然得以消除。有的生在舌头下面的，名叫重舌。有的生在脸颊里面及上颚的，名叫重腭。有的生在齿龈上的，名叫重龈。都要刺去血汁。
小儿生下来就死的，治疗方法：
应当观察婴儿口中悬雍垂前上方是否有泡，用手指掐破顶端，使其溃破去血，不要让血进入咽喉，入咽会杀死婴儿，务必紧急谨慎。小儿初生，骨肉未敛，肌肉还是血的状态，血凝结才坚成肌肉，其血沮败不成肌肉，则使面目绕鼻口左右悉黄而啼，闭目聚口撮面，口中干燥，四肢不能伸缩的，都是血脉不收敛的表现，喜欢不育。如果有这种情况的，都应当给予龙胆汤。（方剂出自本卷惊痫篇。）
相儿寿夭法：
婴儿出生叫声连绵不断的，长寿。
声音中断后又扬起急促的，不长寿。
啼声散乱，不能成人。
啼声深沉，不能成人。
脐中没有血的，好。
脐小的，不长寿。
全身软弱如无骨的，不长寿。
鲜白长大的，长寿。
自己睁眼的，不能成人。
目光不正频繁眨动的，非常不好。
汗血的，多厄运不长寿。
汗不流动的，不能成人。
小便凝结如脂膏的，不能成人。
头四破的，不能成人。
经常摇动手足的，不能成人。
早坐、早行、早长牙、早说话，都是恶性，不是佳人之兆。
头毛不周匝的，不能成人。
头发稀少的强壮，不听人话（一作不聪明）。
额上有旋毛的，早贵，妨父母。
婴儿出生枕骨不成的，能说话而死。
尻骨不成的，能蹲踞而死。
掌骨不成的，能匍匐而死。
踵骨不成的，能行走而死。
膑骨不成的，能站立而死。
身体不收束的，死。
鱼口（肛门裂开如鱼嘴）的，死。
大腿间无生肉的，死。
下巴破裂的，死。
阴器不起的，死。
阴囊下白的，死；红的，死。
卵缝通达黑的，长寿。
论述说：婴儿三岁以上，十岁以下，观察其性情气质的高下，就可以知道其夭寿的大致情况。婴儿小时识悟通敏过人者，多夭折，长大后像顶、颜回一类的是这样。小儿骨法成就威仪回转迟舒稍费人精神雕琢者，长寿。那些预知人意回旋敏速者，也夭折。就是杨修、孔融这类人是这样。由此看来，夭寿大致可知，也如同梅花早发不睹岁寒，甘菊晚成终于年事，这是知道晚成者，是长寿的征兆。
Treatment for infant "bianzheng" (physiological fever associated with infant growth and development), where fever persists, accompanied by cold damage or warm disease high fever, heat not subsiding after sweating, as well as phlegm-fluid accumulation in the abdomen, difficulty in breastfeeding, vomiting upon feeding, food-induced epilepsy (epileptic symptoms triggered by improper diet), alternating chills and fever.
Hematitum (Dai Zhe Shi), Red Halloysite (Chi Shi Zhi) (each 1 liang), Croton Seed (Ba Dou) (30 seeds), Apricot Kernel (Xing Ren) (50 seeds).
The above four herbs are ground into fine powder. The Croton Seeds and Apricot Kernels are separately ground into a paste, mixed together, and pounded two thousand times until they naturally blend. If the mixture is too hard, add a small amount of honey and continue pounding. Store in a sealed container. For a thirty-day-old infant, administer one pill the size of a hemp seed, followed by a small amount of breast milk to help it go down. After a short while, feed a little more milk, but do not overfeed. By noon, there should be mild diarrhea, and the heat will be eliminated. If the heat is not completely cleared, administer another pill the next morning. For a hundred-day-old infant, administer a pill the size of a mung bean, adjusting the dosage according to age. In summer, when heat is prevalent and rashes are common, it is advisable to administer this once every twenty to thirty days. Zi Wan (Purple Pill) treats a wide range of conditions; although it induces purgation, it does not weaken healthy qi.
Formula for infants suffering from seasonal warm diseases during bianzheng, or contracting seasonal warm diseases outside of the bianzheng period.
Ephedrae Herba (Ma Huang), Apricot Kernel (Xing Ren) (each 0.5 liang), Rhubarbi Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang) (6 zhu).
For the above three herbs, first grind Ephedra and Rhubarb into a powder. Separately grind Apricot Kernels into a paste-like consistency. Gradually incorporate the powder into the paste, mix thoroughly, and store in a sealed container. For a one-month-old infant, administer one pill the size of a mung bean, mixed with breast milk. Hold the infant to induce sweating, then apply warm powder to the skin, avoiding exposure to wind. For a hundred-day-old infant, administer a pill the size of a jujube pit, adjusting based on the infant's size.
Regarding wet nurses: The blood and qi of the nurse transform into breast milk. The emotional state of the nurse, whether good or bad, is generated by her blood and qi. Therefore, nursing mothers must be cautious with their emotions, particularly joy and anger.
There are many physical characteristics suitable for a wet nurse, though perfection is unattainable. One need only ensure she lacks fox odor, goiter (thyroid enlargement), asthmatic cough, scabies, dermatological disorders with urinary issues, alopecia capitis, ulcers, thick lips, deafness, nasal congestion/epistaxis, and epilepsy. If she lacks these ailments, she may nurse the infant. A physician can identify past illnesses by observing old moxibustion scars.
(Discussions on Two Topics, Twelve Matters: Methods for Predicting Lifespan)
It is stated: Upon birth, wrap a finger in cotton wool and wipe the blue mud and evil blood from the infant's mouth and tongue. This is called "Yu Heng" (also known as "Xian"). If not wiped promptly, upon the first cry, these impurities enter the abdomen, causing myriad diseases.
If an infant does not cry upon landing, pour warm water into the mouth; the infant should cry shortly thereafter. Lack of crying is due to difficult labor and deficient qi. Grasp the umbilical cord and stroke towards the body to guide qi into the abdomen, while blowing air onto the infant up to a hundred times until crying starts spontaneously. Alternatively, gently strike the infant with green onion white parts to induce crying.
Lift the infant immediately after birth; delay causes cold invasion, leading to borborygmus. Bathe the infant first, then cut the umbilical cord. Do not use a knife; instead, have someone bite through it through a single layer of clothing, blow warm air seven times, and then tie it. Leave enough cord length to reach the infant's instep. Shortening it causes cold invasion and abdominal dysregulation with frequent dysentery. Cutting before bathing allows water into the navel, causing abdominal pain. Remove any parasites in the remaining cord stump immediately to prevent abdominal disease. Cut the cord at six cun; too long damages muscles, too short damages organs, and delayed cutting is harmful. If umbilical fluid is not fully drained, yang qi diminishes, leading to cold and "umbilical wind" disease.
Wrap newborn boys in the father's old clothes and girls in the mother's old clothes; avoid new silk. Do not dress too warmly, as this damages skin and blood vessels, causing sores and jaundice. Avoid heavy, hot clothing. Newborns have immature skin; warm clothing causes weak sinews and bones. Expose them to wind and sunlight regularly. Lack of exposure makes skin fragile and susceptible to injury. Use old cotton wadding, not new. On warm, windless days, let the mother play with the infant in the sun. Frequent exposure strengthens blood and qi, making muscles firm and resistant to wind and cold. Keeping infants in curtains with heavy clothing is like plants in shade—soft, brittle, and unable to withstand wind and cold.
To bind the navel: Pound white linen until soft, cut into four-square-cun pieces, place half-inch thick new cotton on top, matching the linen thickness. Adjust tightness; too tight causes vomiting. Unbind and check at twenty days. If the infant cries angrily around ten days, feeling like a刺 (thorn) in the abdomen, the navel may be dry and irritating; unbind and rewrap. Wrap in a closed room with curtains drawn and fire lit to keep warm. Apply warm powder. In winter, if healing fails, apply powder made from burnt red silk. If discharge persists beyond one month, apply powder from burnt toad ash, three to four times daily. Water entering the navel or cold invasion causes colic, curling cries, and cyanotic face/black eyes; treat with warm cotton compresses. Neglect leads to swelling. Treat swelling based on severity; severe cases require moxibustion (up to 80-90 cones); mild cases with discharge and crying require applying powder of Angelicae Radix (Dang Gui) mixed with lead oxide (Hu Fen) and daily warm cotton compresses. Healing occurs by one hundred days, marked by cessation of crying. Green stool indicates cold, similar to navel water entry.
After bathing and cord cutting, do not give Cinnabar Honey (Zhu Mi) immediately; give Licorice Decoction (Gan Cao Tang) instead. Take licorice root the size of a middle finger joint, crush it, boil in two he of water to obtain one he. Dip wrapped cotton in the juice and let the infant suck. Continue until about one clam-shell volume is ingested. The infant should vomit freely, expelling evil fluids from the chest and heart. If vomiting occurs, stop medication. If no vomiting, wait until the infant shows signs of hunger/thirst, then repeat. If still no vomiting, give slowly until the full dose is consumed. Vomiting removes evil fluids, protecting mental clarity. If no vomiting occurs after one he, it means no evil blood was present; discontinue Licorice Decoction and proceed to Cinnabar Honey to calm the spirit and anchor the soul.
Do not give excessive Cinnabar Honey in the first three days; excess causes cold spleen/stomach, abdominal distension, yin epilepsy, rapid breathing, and death from tetanus.
Method for Cinnabar Honey: Mix flying-processed Cinnabar (Zhu Sha) the size of a soybean with one clam-shell of red honey. Dip wrapped chopstick tip and let infant suck. Repeat three dips, consuming one soybean-sized amount per day, spread over three days (total three soybeans). Do not exceed this limit. After Cinnabar Honey, administer Bovis Calculus (Niu Huang) in equivalent amounts. Niu Huang benefits liver/gallbladder, clears heat, calms spirit, stops convulsions, dispels evil qi, and treats various infant diseases.
After three days, open the intestines and assist digestion (Gu Shen). Grind rice into a thick drink, consistency like yogurt. Give bean-sized amounts frequently, stopping after three beans. Three times daily. Start solid food at seven days. At ten days, feed jujube-pit sized portions; double at twenty days; bullet-sized at fifty days. Overloading with grain causes illness, sores, recurrence, weakness, and difficulty nurturing. After thirty days, do not overfeed. Do not force-feed if appetite is poor; forced indigestion causes disease. Poor feeding indicates phlegm-fluid retention; treat mildly with Si Wu Zi Wan (Four-Ingredient Purple Pill), regulate feeding, and self-heal within days. Mild chills/fever also requires purgation for recovery.
Do not overfeed infants; overfeeding causes vomiting. If vomiting occurs, feed less. Empty breast feeding resolves congestion. Four times daily. If navel is unhealed, overfeeding invites wind into the navel. Summer: remove hot milk to prevent vomiting/regurgitation. Winter: remove cold milk to prevent cough/dysentery. Nursing after intercourse causes emaciation and inability to walk. Nursing with maternal heat causes jaundice and anorexia. Nursing with maternal anger causes fright, qi hernia, upper-jiao hernia, and mania. Nursing after vomiting/purging causes deficiency/emaciation. Nursing after drunkenness causes fever and abdominal fullness.
Infants under one month benefit greatly from pig milk.
Wet nurses should massage breasts thoroughly before feeding to disperse heat and prevent forceful ejection which causes choking. Pause feeding if needed, rest, then resume. Repeat five to ten times to gauge hunger/fullness and establish a routine. Always express residual milk. If infant lies down, support head with arm to align breast level, preventing choking. Stop feeding if mother sleeps to avoid suffocation and inability to judge hunger.
Bathing Method:
Water temperature must be balanced. Imbalance causes fright and internal organ disorders. Winter: avoid long baths to prevent cold damage. Summer: avoid long baths to prevent heat damage. Frequent baths causing cold back trigger epilepsy. No bathing causes hair loss. For newborns, add bile from one pig gallbladder to bathwater; prevents sores/scabies lifelong. Do not use impure water.
On the third day, bathe in Peach Root Decoction: Peach root, Plum root, and Apricot root (each 2 liang), branches acceptable. Chop, boil in three dou of water for twenty boils, strain, and bathe. Removes misfortune, prevents sores/scabies.
For fright and evil qi, use Mugwort and Tiger Bone Bath: Mugwort (1 jin), Tiger skull bone (1 piece). Boil in three dou of water. Prepare as needed.
Treat oral thrush (white patches like rice grains on tongue/nose): Caused by excessive grain qi in womb or maternal glutinous rice consumption. Wipe with hair-wrapped chopstick dipped in well water for three days until flakes fall off. If stubborn, use concentrated walnut juice applied similarly. In spring/summer without walnuts, use walnut bark decoction.
Treat ankyloglossia (tongue tied): Membrane under tongue connects to tongue base, hindering speech. Snip with fingernail; slight bleeding is harmless. If bleeding persists, apply burnt hair powder to stop it.
By six-seven days, blood/qi consolidates into flesh, clearing mouth/throat. If obstruction exists (like reed husk holding water) or uvula swelling, pierce with cotton-wrapped long needle (exposing blade tip size of millet grain) to release gas and drain yellow/red blood. Observe after one puncture; repeat next day if unresolved. Max three punctures resolve it. Sublingual lesions are "Chong She" (Double Tongue); palatal lesions are "Chong E" (Double Palate); gingival lesions are "Chong Yin" (Double Gums). Drain blood in all cases.
Treatment for stillbirth indicators:
Check for blisters anterior to the uvula. Puncture with finger to drain blood; ensure blood does not enter throat (fatal). Newborns' flesh is initially blood; coagulation forms muscle. Failed coagulation causes yellowing around nose/mouth, crying, eye closure, puckered mouth, dry mouth, limb immobility—all signs of failed blood consolidation, indicating poor survival prospects. Administer Gentian Decoction (Long Dan Tang) (see Epilepsy section).
Methods for Predicting Lifespan:
Continuous, prolonged crying indicates longevity.
Crying that stops and restarts urgently indicates short life.
Scattered crying indicates failure to mature.
Deep crying indicates failure to mature.
No blood in navel is auspicious.
Small navel indicates short life.
Whole body soft as if boneless indicates short life.
Fair-skinned and large indicates longevity.
Spontaneous eye opening indicates failure to mature.
Misaligned gaze with frequent blinking is very unfavorable.
Sweating blood indicates bad luck and short life.
Non-flowing sweat indicates failure to mature.
Urine congealing like fat indicates failure to mature.
Split head indicates failure to mature.
Constant limb shaking indicates failure to mature.
Early sitting, walking, teething, speaking indicate negative traits, not auspicious.
Incomplete head hair indicates failure to mature.
Sparse hair with strength indicates deafness/inattentiveness.
Whorl on forehead indicates early nobility but harm to parents.
Incomplete occipital bone: dies after speaking.
Incomplete sacrum: dies after squatting.
Incomplete palm bones: dies after crawling.
Incomplete heel bones: dies after walking.
Incomplete patellae: dies after standing.
Body unable to contract: death.
Fish-mouth anus: death.
No flesh between thighs: death.
Broken chin: death.
Flaccid penis: death.
White scrotum: death; red scrotum: death.
Open testicular seam with black color: longevity.
Discussion: For infants aged three to ten, observe temperament and demeanor to estimate lifespan. Highly intelligent/sensitive infants often die young (e.g., Ding Huan, Yan Hui). Infants with mature bone structure, dignified movement, and slower development tend to live long. Those who anticipate others' thoughts quickly also die young (e.g., Yang Xiu, Kong Rong). Thus, late bloomers are likely to live long, akin to plum blossoms failing to survive winter or chrysanthemums blooming late in the year. Late maturity is a sign of longevity.