病源此由阴气少阳气胜，故热而烦满也，少阴病恶寒而蜷时自烦欲去其衣被者，可治也，
病脉已解而反发烦者病新瘥又强与谷，脾胃气尚弱，不能消谷，故令微烦，损谷即愈，少阴
病脉微细而沉，但欲卧，汗出不烦欲自吐五六日自利后，烦躁不得卧寐者死，发汗后下之，
脉平而少烦，此新虚不胜谷气故也，又伤寒渴者，由热气入于脏，流于少阴之经，少阴主肾
肾恶燥，故渴而引饮。（并出第七卷中）
仲景伤寒论疗伤寒汗出恶寒身热，大渴不止，欲饮水一二斗者，白虎加人参汤主之方。
知母（六两） 石膏 粳米（各一升） 人参（三两） 甘草（二两）
上五味切，以水一斗二升，煮米熟去米，纳诸药煮取六升去滓，温服一升，日三。忌海
藻菘菜。（出第十卷中短剧同）
又若脉浮发热渴欲饮水小便不利者，猪苓汤主之方。
猪苓（一两去皮） 茯苓（一两） 阿胶（一两炙） 滑石（一两碎绵裹） 泽泻（一
两）
上五味以水四升，先煮四物取二升，去滓，纳阿胶令烊销，温服七合，日三服。忌醋物
。（千金翼同出第五卷中）
范汪栝蒌汤，主渴饮方。
栝蒌根（内黄脉少者三两）
上一味切，以水五升，煮取一升，分二服，先以青淡竹沥一升，合水二升，煮好银二两
，减半去银，先与病患饮之讫，须臾后乃服栝蒌汤，其银汁须冷服。（出第二十卷中）
千金疗伤寒后结热在内，烦渴，青葙子丸方。
青葙子（五两） 龙胆（三两） 黄芩（一两） 栀子仁（一两） 苦参（一两） 黄
柏（二两）
上八味捣筛为末，蜜丸，先食服如梧子七丸，饮下日三，不知稍增。忌猪肉冷水。（集
验同出第九卷中）
深师黄芩人参汤，疗伤寒吐下后，内外有热，烦渴不安方。
黄芩 人参 甘草 桂心 生姜（各二两） 大枣（十五枚擘破）
上六味切，以水八升，煮取三升，分三服，徐徐服。忌菘菜海藻生葱等物。
又疗伤寒除热止渴欲饮水栝蒌根汤方。
黄芩（三两） 人参（二两） 桂心（二两） 大黄（二两） 栝蒌根（三两） 芒硝
（二两） 甘草（二两炙）
上七味切，以水八升，煮取三升，去滓，饮一升，须臾当下不下，复饮一升，得下止勿
复饮，汤药力势歇，乃可食糜耳，一方用生姜二两。忌海藻菘菜生葱油腻等物。
又疗伤寒下后，除热止渴，五味麦门冬汤方。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 人参 甘草（炙） 石膏（碎各一两）
上五味捣筛，三指撮水一升二合，煮令沸得四合尽服。忌海藻菘菜。（并出第十四卷中）
古今录验黄龙汤，疗伤寒十余日不解，往来寒热状如温疟渴胸满，心腹痛方。
半夏（半升洗） 生姜（三两） 人参（三两） 柴胡（半斤） 黄芩（三两） 甘草
（三两炙） 大枣（十二枚擘）
上七味切，以水一斗二升，煮取六升，去滓，更煎取三升温服一升，日三服，不呕而渴
，去半夏，加栝蒌根四两，服如前。忌羊肉饧海藻菘菜等物。（出第三卷中此本张仲景伤寒
论方）
又高堂丸，疗伤寒苦渴，烦满欲死，令极饮水法方。
大黄（二分） 硝石（三分熬） 釜底墨（一分） 灶突中墨（一分） 黄芩（一分） 梁
上尘（
一分） 灶中黄土（一分） 麻黄（二分去节） 胡洽用芒硝无黄土。
上八味筛末，蜜和如弹丸大取一丸着一盏水中，尽用服之，即自极饮水，汗出得热除
矣。一名黑奴丸，一名驻车丸，并疗温疟神良。（并出第二卷中此方第一卷用小麦黑奴名黑
奴丸）
病因在于阴气不足而阳气偏盛，因此出现发热、烦闷的症状。少阴病表现为恶寒且身体蜷缩，如果偶尔自行感到烦热想要脱去衣被，这是可治的征兆；
疾病脉象已经平和，却反而出现烦热，这是因为病初愈时强行进食，脾胃之气尚虚弱，不能消化食物，所以导致轻微烦热，减少饮食即可痊愈；
少阴病脉象微细而沉，只想睡觉，出汗但不烦热，想要呕吐，经过五六天后出现自发性腹泻，随后烦躁不安无法卧睡，这是死证；发汗后又攻下，脉象平和但略有烦热，这是因为新近体虚不胜受谷气所致；另外伤寒口渴者，是由于热气侵入脏腑，流注于少阴经脉，少阴主肾，肾厌恶燥邪，因此口渴而引水饮用。（以上均出自第七卷）
张仲景《伤寒论》中治疗伤寒汗出、恶寒、身热、大渴不止、想喝水一斗到两斗的方子，用白虎加人参汤主治。
知母（六两） 石膏 粳米（各一升） 人参（三两） 甘草（二两）
将以上五味药切碎，用水一斗二升，先煮粳米至熟，去掉米粒，放入其他药物，煮取六升药液，去渣，温服一升，每日三次。忌食海藻、菘菜。（出自第十卷，《短剧》篇相同）
猪苓（一两，去皮） 茯苓（一两） 阿胶（一两，炙） 滑石（一两，碎后用绵布包裹） 泽泻（一两）
将以上五味药用水四升，先煮前四味药，取二升药液，去渣，加入阿胶使其熔化，温服七合，每日三次。忌食醋制食物。（《千金翼方》相同，出自第五卷）
栝蒌根（内黄脉象微弱者用三两）
将这一味药切碎，用水五升，煮取一升，分两次服用。先用青淡竹沥一升，加水二升，煮好银器二两，使水量减半后去掉银器，先给病人饮用，片刻后再服用栝蒌汤，银汁必须冷服。（出自第二十卷）
青葙子（五两） 龙胆（三两） 黄芩（一两） 栀子仁（一两） 苦参（一两） 黄柏（二两）
将以上八味药捣碎过筛成粉末，用蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，饭前服用七丸，送服，每日三次，若无效可适当增加剂量。忌食猪肉、冷水。（《集验方》相同，出自第九卷）
黄芩 人参 甘草 桂心 生姜（各二两） 大枣（十五枚，掰开）
将以上六味药切碎，用水八升，煮取三升，分三次服用，慢慢服用。忌食菘菜、海藻、生葱等物。
黄芩（三两） 人参（二两） 桂心（二两） 大黄（二两） 栝蒌根（三两） 芒硝（二两） 甘草（二两，炙）
将以上七味药切碎，用水八升，煮取三升，去渣，服用一升，不久应排便，若不排便，再服一升，大便通下后停止服药，不要继续喝，待药力消退后，才可以吃稀粥。另一版本用生姜二两。忌食海藻、菘菜、生葱、油腻等物。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 人参 甘草（炙） 石膏（碎，各一两）
将以上五味药捣碎过筛，用三指撮的药量，加水一升二合，煮沸后取四合，全部服下。忌食海藻、菘菜。（以上均出自第十四卷）
古今录验黄龙汤，治疗伤寒十余日不解，往来寒热，状如温疟，胸满，心腹痛。
半夏（半升，洗） 生姜（三两） 人参（三两） 柴胡（半斤） 黄芩（三两） 甘草（三两，炙） 大枣（十二枚，掰开）
将以上七味药切碎，用水一斗二升，煮取六升，去渣，再煎取三升，温服一升，每日三次。如果不呕吐但口渴，去掉半夏，加栝蒌根四两，服用方法同上。忌食羊肉、饴糖、海藻、菘菜等物。（出自第三卷，此方本为张仲景《伤寒论》方）
大黄（二分） 硝石（三分，熬） 釜底墨（一分） 灶突中墨（一分） 黄芩（一分） 梁上尘（一分） 灶中黄土（一分） 麻黄（二分，去节） 胡洽方用芒硝无黄土。
将以上八味药筛成粉末，用蜂蜜调和如弹丸大小，取一丸放入一杯水中，全部喝完，随即让病人极尽所能地饮水，出汗后热邪即除。又名黑奴丸，又名驻车丸，均治疗温疟，效果极佳。（以上均出自第二卷，此方在第一卷用小麦，黑奴名黑奴丸）
The etiology lies in the deficiency of Yin Qi and the excess of Yang Qi, resulting in fever and irritability. In Shaoyin disease (disease of the Lesser Yin), characterized by aversion to cold and curling up, if the patient occasionally feels irritable and desires to remove clothing and bedding, this indicates a treatable condition;
If the pulse has returned to normal but irritability reappears, it is because food was forced upon the patient shortly after recovery. The Spleen and Stomach Qi are still weak and unable to digest food, causing slight irritability; reducing food intake will lead to recovery;
In Shaoyin disease, the pulse is faint, fine, and deep, with the patient desiring only to sleep. There is sweating without irritability, and a desire to vomit. After five or six days, spontaneous diarrhea occurs, followed by restlessness and inability to lie down or sleep, which is a fatal sign. After sweating and purging, if the pulse is calm but there is slight irritability, it is due to recent weakness being unable to handle the grain Qi. Additionally, thirst in Shanghan (Cold Damage) arises from heat pathogens entering the Zang organs and flowing into the Shaoyin meridian. Shaoyin governs the Kidney, and the Kidney detests dryness, thus causing thirst and a desire to drink water. (All extracted from Volume VII)
Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Damage* prescribes Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) for treating Shanghan with sweating, aversion to cold, body heat, unquenchable thirst, and a desire to drink one to two dou of water.
Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 6 liang) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, unspecified amount) Jingmi (Oryzae Semen Germine, 1 sheng each) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang)
Cut the above five herbs. Boil in 12 dou of water until the rice is cooked, remove the rice, add the remaining herbs, boil to obtain 6 sheng of decoction, strain, and take 1 sheng warm, three times daily. Avoid Hizikiae Thallus (Seaweed) and Brassicae Pekinensis Folium (Napa Cabbage). (Extracted from Volume X, same as *Duanju*)
If the pulse is floating, accompanied by fever, thirst, desire to drink water, and dysuria, Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) is indicated.
Zhuling (Polypori Poriae, 1 liang, peeled) Fuling (Poria, 1 liang) Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla, 1 liang, roasted) Huashi (Talcum, 1 liang, crushed and wrapped in silk) Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 1 liang)
Boil the above five herbs in 4 sheng of water. First boil the first four ingredients to obtain 2 sheng, strain, add Ejiao until dissolved, take 7 ge warm, three times daily. Avoid vinegar-processed foods. (Same as *Qianjin Yifang*, extracted from Volume V)
Fan Wang's Gualou Tang (Trichosanthes Root Decoction) treats thirst and drinking.
Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 3 liang if internal yellow pulse is weak)
Cut this single herb. Boil in 5 sheng of water to obtain 1 sheng, divide into two doses. First, take 1 sheng of Qingdan Zhuli Li (Green Bamboo Juice), mix with 2 sheng of water, boil with 2 liang of good silver until the volume is halved, then remove the silver. Drink this first, and after a while, take the Gualou Tang. The silver juice must be taken cold. (Extracted from Volume XX)
*Qianjin Fang* treats residual heat accumulating internally after Shanghan, causing irritability and thirst, using Qingxiangzi Wan (Celosiae Seed Pill).
Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen, 5 liang) Longdan (Gentianae Radix, 3 liang) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 liang) Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Fructus, 1 liang) Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, 1 liang) Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, 2 liang)
Grind the above eight herbs into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take seven pills before meals, three times daily with water. If ineffective, increase dosage slightly. Avoid pork and cold water. (Same as *Jiyan Fang*, extracted from Volume IX)
Shenshi Huangqin Renshen Tang (Scutellaria and Ginseng Decoction) treats irritability, thirst, and restlessness after vomiting and purging in Shanghan, indicating heat inside and outside.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 2 liang each) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 15 pieces, split)
Cut the above six herbs. Boil in 8 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng, divide into three doses, take slowly. Avoid Brassicae Pekinensis Folium, Hizikiae Thallus, and raw Conger.
Another formula for clearing heat, stopping thirst, and satisfying the desire to drink after Shanghan is Gualougen Tang (Trichosanthes Root Decoction).
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang) Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2 liang) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang) Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 3 liang) Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 2 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang, roasted)
Cut the above seven herbs. Boil in 8 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng, strain, take 1 sheng. Bowel movement should occur shortly; if not, take another 1 sheng. Stop taking the decoction once bowel movement occurs. Do not drink further. Only consume congee after the medicinal power subsides. Another version uses 2 liang of Shengjiang. Avoid Hizikiae Thallus, Brassicae Pekinensis Folium, raw Conger, and greasy foods.
Another formula for clearing heat and stopping thirst after purging in Shanghan is Wuwei Maidong Tang (Schisandra and Ophiopogon Decoction).
Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed) Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed, 1 liang each)
Grind the above five herbs into powder. Use an amount held by three fingers, boil in 1.2 sheng of water until boiling, obtain 0.4 sheng, and take all at once. Avoid Hizikiae Thallus and Brassicae Pekinensis Folium. (All extracted from Volume XIV)
Gujin Luyan Huanglong Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction) treats Shanghan unresolved for over ten days, with alternating chills and fever resembling Wenmalaria (Warm Malaria), chest fullness, and abdominal pain.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, half sheng, washed) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, half jin) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang, roasted) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 12 pieces, split)
Cut the above seven herbs. Boil in 12 dou of water to obtain 6 sheng, strain, and decoct again to obtain 3 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm, three times daily. If there is no vomiting but thirst exists, remove Banxia and add 4 liang of Gualougen. Take as before. Avoid mutton, maltose, Hizikiae Thallus, and Brassicae Pekinensis Folium. (Extracted from Volume III, originally a formula from Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Damage*)
Also, Gaotang Wan (High Hall Pill) treats severe thirst, irritability, and distress in Shanghan, employing a method of forcing excessive water intake.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 2 fen) Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras, 3 fen, roasted) Fudi Mo (Soot from the bottom of the cauldron, 1 fen) Zaotu Zhong Mo (Soot from the chimney flue, 1 fen) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 fen) Liangshang Chen (Dust from the beam, 1 fen) Zaozhong Huangtu (Yellow earth from the stove, 1 fen) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 2 fen, nodes removed). Hu Qia's version uses Mangxiao instead of Huangtu.
Sift the above eight herbs into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of a bullet. Place one pill in a cup of water, drink the water completely, then allow the patient to drink as much water as possible. Sweating will occur, and the heat will be eliminated. Also known as Heinu Wan (Black Slave Pill) or Zhuche Wan (Stopping Vehicle Pill), both are excellent for treating Wenmalaria. (All extracted from Volume II; in Volume I, this formula uses wheat black, named Heinu Wan)