《千金》论曰∶大肠腑者，主肺也，鼻柱中央以为候也。肺所以合气于大肠者，大肠为
行道传泻之腑也，号监仓掾，重二斤十二两，长一丈二尺，广六寸，脐右回叠积还反十二曲
，贮水谷一斗二升，主十二时，定血脉和利精神。又曰，肺前受病，移于大肠，肺咳不已，
则大肠受之，大肠咳则遗失便利。肺应皮，皮浓即大肠浓，皮薄即大肠薄，皮缓腹裹大者，
大肠缓而长，皮急者，大肠急而短，皮滑者，大肠直，皮肉不相离者，大肠结。（《删繁》
同）
又扁鹊云∶大肠绝不疗，何以知之？泄痢无度，痢绝则死。实即肠热，热则胀满不通，
口为生疮，食下入肠，则肠实而胃虚，下胃则胃实而肠虚。所以实而不满，乍实乍虚，乍来
乍去，虚则伤寒，寒则肠中雷鸣，泄青白之痢，而发于气水，根在大肠。大肠有寒， 溏有
热，便肠垢。大肠有宿食，寒栗发热，有时如疟状。大肠病者，肠中切痛而鸣濯濯，冬日重
感于寒则泄，当脐而痛，不能久立，与胃同候，肠中雷鸣，气上冲胸，喘不能久立，邪在大
肠也，大肠胀鸣而痛，肠寒即泄食不化。（出第十八卷中）
《千金》∶凡右手寸口气口以前脉阳实者，手阳明经也。病苦肠满，善喘咳，面赤身热
，喉咽中如核状，名曰大肠实热也。
又疗大肠实热，腹胀不通，口为生疮。生姜泄肠汤方。
生姜 橘皮 青竹茹 白术 黄芩 栀子（各三两） 桂心（一两） 生地黄（十两） 茯
苓
上十一味，切，以水七升，煮取三升，去滓，下芒硝，分三服。忌生葱、芜荑、海藻、
菘菜、醋物、桃、李、雀肉等。（出第十八卷中）
《删繁》疗肺脉厥逆大于寸口，主大肠热咳上气，喘鸣心烦。麻黄汤方。
麻黄（六两去节） 芍药 生姜 半夏（洗十遍） 细辛 五味子（各三两） 桂心（二
两）
石膏（八两）
上八味，切，以水九升，先煮麻黄七八沸，去沫，次下诸药，煎取三升，去滓，分三服
。忌羊肉、饧、生葱、生菜等。
又疗大肠热甚，胁满掌中热。淡竹叶饮，泄热气方。
淡竹叶（切三升） 橘皮（三两） 干苏叶（三两） 白术（四两） 甘草（一两炙） 葱
白（切
一升） 桂心（一两） 石膏（六两碎） 杏仁（六十枚去皮、尖，熬）
上九味，切，以水一斗二升，先煮竹叶取一斗，去滓，澄清，取九升，下诸药，煮取三
升，绞去滓，分三服。若须利下，纳芒硝三两。忌海藻、菘菜、桃、李、雀肉、生葱。（并
出第二卷中）
《千金方》论述说：大肠作为腑，与肺相表里（主肺），通过鼻柱中央的部位来观察其状况。肺之所以能与大肠相合以调节气机，是因为大肠是传导和排泄糟粕的腑，被称为“监仓掾”（管理粮仓的官员），重量为二斤十二两，长度为一丈二尺，宽度为六寸，在脐部右侧盘曲折叠共有十二个弯曲，能贮存水谷一斗二升，对应一天十二个时辰，具有调和血脉、安定精神的作用。又说，如果肺先受病邪侵袭，病气会转移到大肠；肺咳久治不愈，大肠也会受累，导致大肠咳时出现大小便失禁。肺对应皮肤，皮肤厚则大肠厚，皮肤薄则大肠薄；皮肤松弛且腹部宽大者，大肠松弛而长；皮肤紧绷者，大肠紧缩而短；皮肤光滑者，大肠形态直顺；皮肉紧密结合不相分离者，大肠结聚不通。（《删繁》记载与此相同）
另外扁鹊说：大肠功能完全衰竭无法治疗，如何判断呢？如果泄泻痢疾无度，痢疾断绝（指正气耗尽或排便停止）就会死亡。如果是实证，则是肠热，热盛则腹胀满闷不通，口腔生疮。食物进入肠道后，会导致肠实而胃虚；若病势下行影响胃，则胃实而肠虚。所以表现为“实而不满”（指有形之邪积滞但未必胀满，或虚实交替），时而实时而虚，症状忽来忽去。虚证则易感伤寒，寒邪客于肠中则肠鸣如雷，排出青白色的稀便，并伴有气和水液代谢异常，病根在大肠。大肠有寒，大便溏薄；大肠有热，大便排出肠垢。大肠有宿食停滞，会出现恶寒战栗、发热，有时像疟疾发作一样。大肠有病，肠中剧烈疼痛且肠鸣音重如濯濯声，冬天再次感受寒邪则发生泄泻，疼痛位于脐部，不能久站，其脉候与胃相同，肠中雷鸣，气上冲胸部，气喘不能久立，这是邪气在大肠的表现。大肠胀满鸣响且疼痛，若肠寒则泄泻且不消化食物。（出自第十八卷中）
《千金方》说：凡是右手寸口脉以前（即寸脉）阳脉实大的，属于手阳明大肠经病变。病症表现为腹部胀满，容易气喘咳嗽，面色红赤，身体发热，咽喉中有异物感如核状阻塞，这叫做大肠实热证。
又治疗大肠实热，腹胀不通，口腔生疮。生姜泄肠汤方。
生姜 橘皮 青竹茹 白术 黄芩 栀子（各三两） 桂心（一两） 生地黄（十两） 茯苓
以上十一味药，切碎，用水七升，煮取三升药液，去掉药渣，加入芒硝，分三次服用。忌食生葱、芜荑、海藻、菘菜（白菜）、醋制食品、桃、李、雀肉等。（出自第十八卷中）
《删繁》治疗肺脉厥逆大于寸口，主治大肠热咳、气逆、喘息有声、心烦。麻黄汤方。
麻黄（六两，去节） 芍药 生姜 半夏（洗十遍） 细辛 五味子（各三两） 桂心（二两）
石膏（八两）
以上八味药，切碎，用水九升，先煮麻黄七八沸，去掉浮沫，然后放入其他药物，煎取三升药液，去掉药渣，分三次服用。忌食羊肉、饴糖、生葱、生菜等。
又治疗大肠热甚，胁肋胀满，手掌心发热。淡竹叶饮，泄热气方。
淡竹叶（切三升） 橘皮（三两） 干苏叶（三两） 白术（四两） 甘草（一两，炙） 葱白（切一升） 桂心（一两） 石膏（六两，碎） 杏仁（六十枚，去皮尖，炒）
以上九味药，切碎，用水一斗二升，先煮竹叶取一斗药液，去掉药渣，澄清，取九升，加入其他药物，煮取三升，绞去药渣，分三次服用。如果需要通便泻下，加入芒硝三两。忌食海藻、菘菜、桃、李、雀肉、生葱。（均出自第二卷中）
The *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: The Large Intestine, as a fu organ, is interiorly-exteriorly related to the Lung. Its condition can be observed at the center of the nasal column. The reason the Lung combines with the Large Intestine to regulate qi is that the Large Intestine is the fu organ responsible for conducting and excreting waste, often referred to as the "Intendant of Granaries." It weighs two jin and twelve liang, has a length of one zhang and two chi, and a width of six cun. It is coiled and folded in twelve curves on the right side of the umbilicus, capable of storing water and grain totaling one dou and two sheng. It corresponds to the twelve double-hours of the day, helping to harmonize blood vessels and stabilize the spirit. Furthermore, if the Lung is first affected by pathogenic factors, the disease may transfer to the Large Intestine; if lung cough persists untreated, the Large Intestine will also be involved, leading to fecal and urinary incontinence during large intestine cough. The Lung corresponds to the skin; thick skin indicates a thick large intestine, while thin skin indicates a thin large intestine. Loose skin with a large abdomen suggests a relaxed and elongated large intestine; tight skin suggests a contracted and short large intestine; smooth skin indicates a straight large intestine; closely adhered skin and flesh indicate a knotted or obstructed large intestine. (*Shanfan* records this identically.)
Additionally, Bian Que stated: When the function of the Large Intestine completely fails, it cannot be treated. How do we know this? If diarrhea and dysentery are unceasing, and defecation ceases (indicating exhaustion of righteous qi), death ensues. In cases of excess syndrome, there is intestinal heat, causing distension, fullness, and obstruction, along with mouth sores. After food enters the intestine, it results in an excess state of the intestine and a deficiency state of the stomach; if the pathology descends to affect the stomach, the stomach becomes excess while the intestine becomes deficient. Thus, the presentation is "excess without fullness" (referring to alternating patterns of excess and deficiency), with symptoms appearing and disappearing intermittently. In deficiency syndromes, one is susceptible to cold damage; cold in the intestines causes borborygmus (rumbling sounds), passage of greenish-white loose stools, and disturbances in qi and fluid metabolism, with the root located in the Large Intestine. Cold in the Large Intestine leads to loose stools; heat in the Large Intestine leads to the passage of intestinal mucus/filth. Retained food in the Large Intestine causes chills and fever, sometimes resembling malaria. Disease of the Large Intestine presents with severe abdominal pain and loud borborygmus ("zhuozhuo" sound); if exposed to cold again in winter, diarrhea occurs, with pain at the umbilicus, inability to stand for long periods, and pulse signs similar to those of the Stomach. There is borborygmus, qi rushing up to the chest, panting, and inability to stand for long periods, indicating evil qi residing in the Large Intestine. Distension, rumbling, and pain in the Large Intestine, combined with cold intestines, lead to diarrhea and undigested food. (From Volume 18)
The *Qianjin Fang* states: Whenever the yang pulse at the Cun position (prior to the Kou position) on the right hand is excess and solid, it indicates pathology of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Symptoms include abdominal fullness, frequent panting and coughing, red face, body heat, and a sensation of a foreign body like a kernel in the throat and pharynx. This is named Large Intestine Excess-Heat Syndrome.
Another prescription treats Large Intestine Excess-Heat, characterized by abdominal distension and obstruction, and mouth sores. Shengjiang Xiechang Tang (Ginger Decoction to Drain the Intestines).
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Fresh Ginger) [Shengjiang], Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Tangerine Peel) [Jupi], Bambusae Caulis Praeparatus (Prepared Bamboo Shoots) [Qingzhuru], Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Macrocephala Burreed Rhizome) [Baizhu], Scutellariae Radix (Skullcap Root) [Huangqin], Gardeniae Fructus (Gardenia Fruit) [Zhizi] (each 3 liang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Cinnamon Bark) [Guixin] (1 liang), Rehmanniae Radix Fresha (Fresh Rehmannia Root) [Shengdihuang] (10 liang), Poria (Poria Cocos) [Fuling].
The above eleven ingredients are cut, boiled in seven sheng of water until three sheng remain. Strain the dregs, add Natrii Sulfas (Mirabilite) [Mangxiao], and divide into three doses. Avoid raw scallions, Elaeagnus fruit [Wuyi], Sargassum [Haizao], Chinese cabbage [Songcai], vinegar-preserved foods, peaches, plums, and sparrow meat. (From Volume 18)
*Shanfan* treats Jue-ni (reversal) of the Lung pulse being larger than the Cun position, primarily for Large Intestine Heat-cough, qi rebellion, wheezing with sound, and irritability. Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction).
Ephedrae Herba (Ephedra Stem) [Mahuang] (6 liang, remove joints), Paeoniae Radix Alba (White Peony Root) [Shaoyao], Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Fresh Ginger) [Shengjiang], Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Prepared Pinellia Tuber) [Banxia] (washed ten times), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Asarum Root) [Xixin], Schisandrae Fructus (Schisandra Berry) [Wuweizi] (each 3 liang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Cinnamon Bark) [Guixin] (2 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Gypsum) [Shigao] (8 liang).
The above eight ingredients are cut, boiled in nine sheng of water. First boil Ephedra for seven or eight boils, skim off the foam, then add the remaining herbs. Simmer until three sheng remain. Strain the dregs and divide into three doses. Avoid mutton, maltose syrup [Xing], raw scallions, and raw vegetables.
Another prescription treats severe Large Intestine Heat, presenting with hypochondriac fullness and heat in the palms. Danzhuye Yin (Bamboo Leaf Drink), a formula to drain heat qi.
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Leaves (Bamboo Leaves) [Danzhuye] (cut, 3 sheng), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Tangerine Peel) [Jupi] (3 liang), Perillae Folium (Perilla Leaf) [Gansuye] (3 liang), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Macrocephala Burreed Rhizome) [Baizhu] (4 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Licorice Root) [Gancao] (1 liang, honey-fried), Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Scallion White) [Congbai] (cut, 1 sheng), Cinnamomi Cortex (Cinnamon Bark) [Guixin] (1 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Gypsum) [Shigao] (6 liang, crushed), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Bitter Apricot Seed) [Xingren] (60 seeds, peeled and removed of tips, roasted).
The above nine ingredients are cut, boiled in twelve sheng of water. First boil bamboo leaves until one dou remains. Strain the dregs, clarify the liquid, and take nine sheng. Add the other herbs and simmer until three sheng remain. Strain through cloth and divide into three doses. If purgation is desired, add Natrii Sulfas (Mirabilite) [Mangxiao] (3 liang). Avoid Sargassum [Haizao], Chinese cabbage [Songcai], peaches, plums, sparrow meat, and raw scallions. (All from Volume 2)