病源小便不禁者，肾气虚，下焦受冷也，肾主水，其气下通于阴，肾虚下焦冷，不能温
制其水液，故小便不禁也。（出第十四卷中）
千金翼小便不禁，日便一二斗，或如血色方。
麦门冬（去心） 干地黄（各八两） 蒺藜子 桂心 续断（各二两） 甘草（一枚
炙）
干姜（四两）
上七味切，以水一斗，煮取二升五合，分三服。
又久房散，主小便多或不禁方。
菟丝子（二两酒渍） 蒲黄（三两） 黄连（三两） 硝石（一两） 肉苁蓉（二两）
五味子（三两） 鸡 中黄皮（三两炙）
上八味捣筛为散，每服方寸匕，日三服，每服如人行三四里，又服。（并出第十五卷中）
病源小便数者，膀胱与肾俱虚，而有客热乘之故也，肾与膀胱为表里，俱主水肾气下通
于阴
故令
石，
中）
范汪疗小便数而多方。
黄连（二分） 苦参（二分） 麦门冬（去心一两） 土瓜根 龙胆（各一分）
上五味捣筛，以蜜丸如梧子，每服十丸，加至二十丸，良。（一方无苦参有黄芩）
又方
栝蒌（十分） 黄连（五分）
上二味捣筛为散，每服方寸匕，日三良。
又方
瞿麦（二两） 滑石（一两） 葵子（一升） 黄芩 甘草（炙各一两）
上五味切，以水六升，煮取三升，去滓，一服六合。
又方
桃仁一味 咀，酒一升，煮三沸，去滓，分为三服，强人一服尽之。（并出第十七卷中）
集验疗小便数而多方。
羊肺羹纳少许羊肉合作之，调和盐，如常食之法，多少任意，不过三具效。（范汪同出
第五卷中）
《诸病源候论》中关于小便不禁的论述：小便不禁的病源，是由于肾气虚弱，下焦受寒所致。肾主司水液代谢，其经气向下通达于前阴。若肾虚且下焦寒冷，便无法温煦和控制水液，从而导致小便失禁。（出自第十四卷）
《千金翼方》中治疗小便不禁，每日排尿一至二斗，或尿液呈血色的方剂：
麦门冬（去除心部）八两，干地黄八两，蒺藜子二两，桂心二两，续断二两，甘草一枚（炙烤），干姜四两。
以上七味药切碎，用水一斗，煎煮至剩余二升五合，分三次服用。
又方“久房散”，主治小便频多或失禁的方剂：
菟丝子二两（用酒浸泡），蒲黄三两，黄连三两，硝石一两，肉苁蓉二两，五味子三两，鸡内金（即鸡胗中的黄皮，炙烤）三两。
以上八味药捣碎过筛制成散剂，每次服用一方寸匕，每日三次。每次服药后，行走约三到四里的路程，再服用一次。（均出自第十五卷）
《诸病源候论》中关于小便频数的论述：小便频数的病源，是膀胱与肾俱虚，且有客热邪气乘虚侵袭所致。肾与膀胱互为表里，共同主管水液代谢，肾气向下通达于前阴，故导致小便频数。（出自相关卷次）
范汪治疗小便频多的方剂：
黄连二分，苦参二分，麦门冬（去心）一两，土瓜根一分，龙胆草一分。
以上五味药捣碎过筛，用蜂蜜调和制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次服用十丸，逐渐增加至二十丸，疗效良好。（另一版本无苦参，改用黄芩）
又方：
栝楼十分，黄连五分。
以上两味药捣碎过筛制成散剂，每次服用一方寸匕，每日三次，疗效良好。
又方：
瞿麦二两，滑石一两，葵子一升，黄芩一两（炙烤），甘草一两（炙烤）。
以上五味药切碎，用水六升，煎煮至剩余三升，滤去药渣，一次性服用六合。
又方：
仅用桃仁一味药，切碎，用酒一升，煮沸三次，滤去药渣，分三次服用。体质强壮者可将一次剂量服完。（均出自第十七卷）
《集验方》治疗小便频多的方剂：
羊肺羹，加入少许羊肉一同烹制，调味加盐，按照平常饮食的方法食用，分量不限，服用不超过三只即可见效。（范汪的记载与此相同，出自第五卷）
According to *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases), the etiology of incontinence of urine is deficiency of Kidney Qi and cold invasion of the Lower Jiao. The Kidney governs water metabolism, and its Qi flows downward to the external genitalia. When the Kidney is deficient and the Lower Jiao is cold, it fails to warm and control the fluids, resulting in incontinence of urine. (From Volume 14)
*Qianjin Yifang* (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Prescriptions) provides a prescription for incontinence of urine, with urination occurring one or two dou daily, or urine appearing bloody:
*Mai Men Dong* (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed) 8 liang, *Gan Di Huang* (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) 8 liang, *Ji Li Zi* (Tribuli Fructus) 2 liang, *Gui Xin* (Cinnamomi Cortex) 2 liang, *Xu Duan* (Dipsaci Radix) 2 liang, *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, prepared by stir-frying with honey) 1 piece, *Gan Jiang* (Zingiberis Rhizoma) 4 liang.
The above seven herbs are cut into pieces, decocted in 10 dou of water until reduced to 2 sheng 5 he, and divided into three doses.
Another prescription, "Jiu Fang San" (Long-lasting Intercourse Powder), treats frequent urination or incontinence:
*Tu Si Zi* (Cuscutae Semen) 2 liang (soaked in wine), *Pu Huang* (Typhae Pollen) 3 liang, *Huang Lian* (Coptidis Rhizoma) 3 liang, *Xiao Shi* (Natrii Sulfas) 1 liang, *Rou Cong Rong* (Cistanches Herba) 2 liang, *Wu Wei Zi* (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) 3 liang, *Ji Nei Jin* (Gigantii Stomateum Corneum, prepared by stir-frying) 3 liang.
The above eight herbs are crushed and sifted to make a powder. Each dose is one fang cun bi (a square-inch spoonful), taken three times daily. After each dose, walk for the distance covered by a person walking for three to four li, then take another dose. (All from Volume 15)
Regarding frequency of urination, *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* states that the etiology is deficiency of both the Bladder and the Kidney, compounded by pathogenic heat invading due to this deficiency. The Kidney and Bladder are interior-exterior partners, jointly governing water metabolism; the Kidney Qi flows downward to the external genitalia, causing frequent urination. (From relevant volumes)
Fan Wang’s prescription for treating frequent urination:
*Huang Lian* (Coptidis Rhizoma) 2 fen, *Ku Shen* (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) 2 fen, *Mai Men Dong* (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed) 1 liang, *Tu Gua Gen* (Trichosanthis Radix) 1 fen, *Long Dan* (Gentianae Radix) 1 fen.
The above five herbs are crushed and sifted, mixed with honey to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Each dose is ten pills, increased gradually to twenty pills, which yields good results. (An alternative version excludes Ku Shen and uses Huang Qin instead).
Another prescription:
*Gua Lou* (Trichosanthis Fructus) 10 fen, *Huang Lian* (Coptidis Rhizoma) 5 fen.
The above two herbs are crushed and sifted to make a powder. Each dose is one fang cun bi, taken three times daily, yielding good results.
Another prescription:
*Qu Mai* (Dianthi Herba) 2 liang, *Hua Shi* (Talcum) 1 liang, *Kui Zi* (Malvae Semen) 1 sheng, *Huang Qin* (Scutellariae Radix) 1 liang (prepared by stir-frying), *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, prepared by stir-frying with honey) 1 liang.
The above five herbs are cut into pieces, decocted in 6 sheng of water until reduced to 3 sheng. Strain the dregs and take 6 he as a single dose.
Another prescription:
Use only *Tao Ren* (Persicae Semen), crush it, decoct in 1 sheng of wine for three boils. Strain the dregs and divide into three doses. For robust individuals, the entire dose may be taken at once. (All from Volume 17)
*Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Proven Prescriptions) provides a treatment for frequent urination:
Sheep Lung Soup, cooked with a small amount of mutton. Season with salt and eat as usual. The quantity is arbitrary; taking no more than three sheep lungs will yield efficacy. (Fan Wang’s record is identical, from Volume 5).