肘后论，凡此满或者虚气，或者风冷气，或者饮气，此方皆疗之，肿入腹苦满急害饮食
方。
大戟 乌翅 白术（各二两）
上三味捣筛，蜜和丸如梧子，旦服二丸，当下渐退，更服取令消乃止。
又方
葶苈（七两） 椒目（三两） 茯苓（三两） 吴茱萸（二两）
上四味捣筛，蜜和丸如梧子，饮服十丸，日三。忌酢物。
又方
鲤鱼（一头重五斤者以水二斗煮取汁去鱼） 泽漆（五两） 茯苓（三两） 桑白皮（切
三升） 泽泻（五两）
上五味，取四物纳鱼汁中煮，取四升，去滓，分四服，小盒饭利渐消也。忌酢物。（并
出第一卷中）
病源水病者，由肾脾俱虚故也。肾虚不能宣通水气，脾虚又不能制水。故水气盈溢。渗
入皮肤，流遍四肢，所以通身肿也，令人上气体重，小便黄涩，肿处按之随手而起是也。（出
第
千金麻子汤，主遍身流肿方。
麻子（五升） 商陆（一斤切） 防风（三两切） 附子（一两炮破） 赤小豆（三升）
上五味，先捣麻子，令熟，以水三斗，煮麻子取一斗三升，去滓，纳药及豆，合煮取四
升，去滓，食豆饮汁，日再。忌猪肉及冷水犬肉。
又疗水气，遍身洪肿，百药不愈待死者方。
大麻子（一石未入窖不郁悒者为佳） 赤小豆（一石不得一粒杂）
上二味取新精者，仍净拣择，以水淘汰，曝令干，蒸麻子使熟，更曝令干，贮于净器
中，欲服取五升麻子熬令黄香，唯须缓火勿令焦，捣极细作末，以水五升，搦取汁令尽，净
器密贮之，明旦欲服，今夜以小豆一升净淘渍之。至旦干漉去水，以新水煮，未及好熟，即
漉出令干，纳麻子汁中煮令烂熟为佳，空腹恣意饱食，日三服。当小心闷少时止，五日后小
便数或赤，唾粘口干，不足怪之，服讫，常须微行，不得即卧，十日后，灸三里绝骨下气，
不尔，气不泄，尽服药后，五日逆不可下者，取大鲤鱼一头先死者，去鳞尾翅，以汤脱去滑
净洗，开肚去脏，以上件麻汁中，和小豆煮令极熟，作羹下葱豉，橘皮，生姜，紫苏，调和
下
慎
切
又方
吴茱萸 荜茇 昆布 杏仁（去尖皮两仁熬） 葶苈子（熬）
上五味等分，捣丸如梧子，气急饮服五丸，勿令至利，食讫，饱闷气急，服之即散。
又苦瓠丸，主大水，头面遍身大肿胀满方。
苦瓠白穣（实捻如大豆粒）
上一味，以面裹煮一沸，空腹吞七枚，至午当出水一升，三四日水自出不止，大瘦乃差
，三年内慎口味也，苦瓠须好，无靥翳，细理妍净者，不尔，有毒不堪用。
又方
苦瓠膜（二分） 葶苈子（五分熬）
上二味捣丸，服之，日五丸如梧子。
又方
葶苈子（熬） 桃仁（去皮尖熬）
上二味等分，捣丸服之，利小便，一方用杏仁。
又方
大枣（去皮核七枚） 苦瓠膜（如枣核大）
上二味捣丸，一服三丸，日三。
又方
烧姜石令赤，纳黑牛尿中令热，服一升，日一。（并出第二十一卷中）
千金翼泽漆根汤，主水通身洪肿，四肢无堪，或从消渴，或从黄胆支饮，内虚不足，荣
卫不通，血气不化，气实皮肤中，喘息不安，腹中向向胀满，眼不得视方。
泽漆根（十两） 赤小豆（二升） 甘草（二两炙） 鲤鱼（一枚重五斤净去肠） 麦
门冬（二
两去心） 茯苓（三两） 人参（二两） 生姜（八两）
上八味切，以水一斗七升。先煮鲤鱼豆减七升去之，纳药，煮取四升半，去滓，一服三
合，
小便
转侧，
加
升
古今录验疗祖承郎水肿通身，众医不能疗，得此汤一剂，一夜小便五六升，即瘥，疗水
咳逆气，通身流肿，短气腹满，昼夜倚壁不得卧，喉中水鸡鸣，白前汤方。
白前（六分） 紫菀（二两） 半夏（五合又方四两洗之三十遍） 生泽漆根（七合切
量一方
三两）
上四味切，以水一斗，纳药，刻志水度，复加水七升，微火煎令至刻，去滓，次纳药七
种，白
六合，
传杨氏
又小消化水丸，疗水病，令通身微肿，腹大，食饮不消方。
芫花（一两熬） 甘遂（一两熬） 大黄（一两） 葶苈（一两熬） 巴豆（四十枚去
心皮熬研
上五味合捣下筛，蜜为丸如梧子，一服一丸，不知稍增。以知为度。忌芦笋野猪肉。（
并出第十一卷中）
《肘后备急方》论述，凡是这种胀满，或者是虚气所致，或者是风冷之气所致，或者是水饮之气所致，这个方剂都能治疗。症状表现为肿胀进入腹部，感到苦闷胀满紧急，损害饮食功能。
方剂：
大戟、乌翅、白术（各二两）。
以上三味药捣碎过筛，用蜂蜜调和制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂，早晨服用二丸，应当通过腹泻逐渐消退，继续服用直到肿胀消除才停止。
又一方：
葶苈（七两）、椒目（三两）、茯苓（三两）、吴茱萸（二两）。
以上四味药捣碎过筛，用蜂蜜调和制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂，用温水送服十丸，每日三次。忌食醋类食物。
又一方：
鲤鱼（一头重五斤的，用水二斗煮取汁液，去掉鱼肉）、泽漆（五两）、茯苓（三两）、桑白皮（切碎，三升）、泽泻（五两）。
以上五味药，取其中四味放入鱼汁中煎煮，取汁液四升，去掉药渣，分四次服用，小便通畅后肿胀会逐渐消退。忌食醋类食物。（均出自第一卷）
《诸病源候论》认为，水病，是由于肾和脾都虚弱造成的。肾虚不能宣通水气，脾虚又不能制约水湿。所以水气充盈溢散，渗入皮肤，流遍四肢，因此导致全身浮肿，使人气息上逆、身体沉重，小便黄且涩滞，按压肿胀处随手而起是这种病的表现。（出自《千金方》）
麻子汤，主治遍身流注性浮肿的方剂。
麻子（五升）、商陆（一斤，切碎）、防风（三两，切碎）、附子（一两，炮制后破开）、赤小豆（三升）。
以上五味药，先捣烂麻子，使其熟透，用水三斗，煮麻子取汁一斗三升，去掉药渣，加入药物及豆子，合煮取汁四升，去掉药渣，吃豆子喝药汁，每日两次。忌食猪肉、冷水和狗肉。
又治疗水气，遍身严重浮肿，百药不愈濒临死亡的方剂。
大麻子（一石，未入窖储存、没有郁结之气的为佳）、赤小豆（一石，不得混入一粒杂质）。
以上两味药选取新鲜精好的，仔细拣选，用水淘洗，晒干，蒸麻子使其熟透，再晒干，储存在干净的容器中。欲服用时，取五升麻子炒至发黄有香气，必须用慢火，不要让麻子焦糊，捣成极细的粉末，用水五升，挤压取尽汁液，用干净的容器密封贮存。第二天早晨要服用时，前一天晚上用小豆一升，干净淘洗浸泡。到早晨捞出沥干水分，用新水煮，还没完全煮熟时，就捞出沥干，放入麻子汁中煮至烂熟为最佳。空腹尽情地饱食，每日三次服用。应当小心，如果感到胸闷稍作休息即可停止。五日后小便次数增多或颜色发红，唾液粘稠口干，不必奇怪。服完后，经常需要轻微活动，不能立即躺卧。十日后，灸足三里穴和绝骨穴以引气下行，否则，气机不能泄出。全部服药后，若五日出现气逆不可下行的情况，取一条先死的大鲤鱼，去掉鳞、尾、鳍，用热水烫去滑液洗净，剖开肚子去掉内脏，放入上述麻子汁中，与豆子一起煮至极熟，做成羹汤，加入葱、豉、橘皮、生姜、紫苏，调和食用。
慎戒：切莫……（原文此处似有缺漏或排版错误，依文意理解为禁忌事项）
又一方：
吴茱萸、荜茇、昆布、杏仁（去掉尖端和皮，双仁者炒制）、葶苈子（炒制）。
以上五味药等分，捣碎制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂，气急时温水送服五丸，不要导致腹泻。进食后，若感到饱闷气急，服用此药即可消散。
又苦瓠丸，主治大水病，头面及遍身严重肿胀胀满的方剂。
苦瓠白瓤（捏成如大豆粒大小）。
以上一味药，用面粉包裹煮一沸，空腹吞服七枚，到中午应当排出积水一升，三四天后水会自然排出不止，身体消瘦后病就好了。三年内需节制口味。苦瓠必须质量好，无斑点瑕疵，纹理细致色泽洁净，否则有毒不堪使用。
又一方：
苦瓠膜（二分）、葶苈子（五分，炒制）。
以上两味药捣碎制成丸剂，服用，每日五丸，如梧桐子大小。
又一方：
葶苈子（炒制）、桃仁（去皮尖，炒制）。
以上两味药等分，捣碎制成丸剂服用，利小便。另一方案用杏仁。
又一方：
大枣（去皮核，七枚）、苦瓠膜（如枣核大小）。
以上两味药捣碎制成丸剂，一次服用三丸，每日三次。
又一方：
烧姜石至通红，放入黑牛尿中使其变热，服用一升，每日一次。（均出自第二十一卷）
《千金翼方》泽漆根汤，主治水气通身严重浮肿，四肢无力，或者源于消渴病，或者源于黄疸支饮，内里虚弱不足，营卫不通，血气不化，气实于皮肤中，喘息不安，腹中胀满，眼睛无法视物。
泽漆根（十两）、赤小豆（二升）、甘草（二两，炙）、鲤鱼（一枚重五斤，干净去掉肠）、麦门冬（二两，去心）、茯苓（三两）、人参（二两）、生姜（八两）。
以上八味药切碎，用水一斗七升。先煮鲤鱼和豆子，减少七升后去掉，加入药物，煮取汁四升半，去掉药渣，一次服用三合，……（原文此处有缺漏，推测为增加剂量或观察反应），转侧……加……升。
《古今录验》治疗祖承郎水肿通身，众医不能治愈，得到此汤一剂，一夜小便五六升，即痊愈。治疗水咳逆气，通身流注性浮肿，短气腹满，昼夜倚靠墙壁不得卧倒，喉中有水鸡鸣声的白前汤方。
白前（六分）、紫菀（二两）、半夏（五合，另一方为四两，洗三十遍）、生泽漆根（七合，切碎，量；另一方三两）。
以上四味药切碎，用水一斗，放入药物，计时水位，再加水七升，微火煎煮至刻度，去掉药渣，接着加入七种药物，白前……六合，……（原文此处有缺漏或排版错误）。
杨氏传《小消化水丸》，治疗水病，使通身轻微浮肿，腹部增大，饮食不消化的方剂。
芫花（一两，炒制）、甘遂（一两，炒制）、大黄（一两）、葶苈（一两，炒制）、巴豆（四十枚，去心皮，炒制研碎）。
以上五味药合捣过筛，用蜂蜜制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂，一次服用一丸，无效则稍加增量。以见效为度。忌食芦笋和野猪肉。（均出自第十一卷）
According to the *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept in My Sleeve), any such distension may be caused by deficient qi, wind-cold qi, or fluid retention qi. This prescription treats all these conditions, where swelling enters the abdomen causing painful fullness and urgency, impairing dietary intake.
Prescription:
Da Ji (Knoxia Root), Wu Chi (likely a specific local herb name, contextually grouped with Da Ji), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (each 2 liang).
Crush and sieve the above three ingredients, mix with honey to form pills the size of a wu zi (Cibotium seed). Take two pills in the morning. Diarrhea should occur, leading to gradual reduction; continue taking until the swelling subsides, then stop.
Another Prescription:
Ting Li (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen), Jiao Mu (Zanthoxyli Fructus Seed), Fu Ling (Poria), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus).
Crush and sieve the above four ingredients, mix with honey to form pills the size of a wu zi. Take ten pills with warm water, three times daily. Avoid vinegar products.
Another Prescription:
Li Yu (Common Carp) (one fish weighing five jin, boiled in two dou of water to extract juice, remove fish flesh), Ze Qi (Phytolaccae Radix), Fu Ling (Poria), Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex) (cut, 3 sheng), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma).
Take the above five ingredients, place four of them into the fish juice and boil to obtain four sheng of liquid. Remove the dregs and divide into four doses. Once urination becomes smooth, the swelling will gradually subside. Avoid vinegar products. (All from Volume I)
The *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Source Book of All Diseases and Their Syndromes) states that water disease arises from the deficiency of both the Kidney and Spleen. When the Kidney is deficient, it cannot circulate and diffuse the water qi; when the Spleen is deficient, it cannot control the water dampness. Consequently, water qi overflows, seeps into the skin, and spreads throughout the limbs, resulting in generalized edema. This causes upward rushing of qi, heaviness of the body, yellow and scanty urine, and pitting edema that rebounds immediately upon pressure. (From *Qianjin Fang*)
Ma Zi Tang (Hemp Seed Decoction) is indicated for generalized flowing edema.
Ma Zi (Cannabis Fructus) (5 sheng), Shang Lu (Phytolaccae Radix) (1 jin, cut), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (3 liang, cut), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (1 liang, processed and broken), Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) (3 sheng).
First crush the Ma Zi until cooked. Boil in three dou of water to obtain one dou and three sheng of liquid. Remove the dregs, add the other herbs and beans, and boil together to obtain four sheng of liquid. Remove the dregs. Consume the beans and drink the decoction twice daily. Avoid pork, cold water, and dog meat.
Another prescription for treating water qi with severe generalized edema, refractory to hundred medicines and nearing death:
Da Ma Zi (Greater Hemp Seed) (1 shi, preferably those not stored in cellars to avoid stagnation), Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) (1 shi, free of impurities).
Select fresh and fine specimens, clean and sort carefully. Wash with water and dry in the sun. Steam the hemp seeds until cooked, then dry again. Store in a clean vessel. To take, select five sheng of hemp seeds and stir-fry until yellow and fragrant. Use low heat to prevent burning. Grind into an extremely fine powder. Add five sheng of water, squeeze out the juice completely, and store tightly sealed in a clean container. The night before taking it, soak one sheng of adzuki beans, washed clean. In the morning, drain the water. Boil the beans in fresh water until nearly cooked, then drain and dry. Add the bean pulp to the hemp seed juice and cook until very soft and ripe. Eat to satiety on an empty stomach, three times daily. If chest oppression occurs, pause briefly. After five days, frequent urination or reddish urine, sticky saliva, and dry mouth are not surprising. After finishing the dose, walk gently; do not lie down immediately. After ten days, moxa the Zusanli (ST-36) and Juegu (GB-39) acupoints to direct qi downward; otherwise, qi will not dissipate. If after completing the medication, five days later there is rebellious qi that cannot descend, take one large carp that died beforehand. Remove scales, tail, and fins. Scald to remove slime, wash clean, open the belly, remove viscera, and place in the hemp seed juice with the beans. Cook until very tender. Make into a soup with scallion, fermented soybean, tangerine peel, ginger, and perilla. Season and consume.
Caution: ... (Text fragmentary)
Another Prescription:
Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus), Bi Bo (Long Pepper Fruit), Kun Bu (Laminaria Thallus), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen) (remove tip and skin, use double kernels, stir-fried), Ting Li Zi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) (stir-fried).
Mix equal parts of the above five ingredients, crush and form pills the size of a wu zi. For急促 qi (shortness of breath), take five pills with water. Do not induce diarrhea. After meals, if feeling full and short of breath, taking this will disperse the sensation.
Another Ku Hu Wan (Bitter Gourd Pill) is indicated for severe water disease with massive swelling of the head, face, and whole body.
Ku Hu Bai Rang (White Rind of Bitter Gourd) (formed into pills the size of a soybean).
Wrap this single ingredient in flour and boil once. Swallow seven pills on an empty stomach. By noon, one sheng of water should be discharged. Over three to four days, water will discharge continuously. The illness resolves when the body emaciates. Restrict diet for three years. The bitter gourd must be high quality, without spots or blemishes, with fine texture and clean appearance; otherwise, it may be toxic and unusable.
Another Prescription:
Ku Hu Mo (Membrane of Bitter Gourd) (2 fen), Ting Li Zi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) (5 fen, stir-fried).
Crush and form pills. Take five pills the size of a wu zi daily.
Another Prescription:
Ting Li Zi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) (stir-fried), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen) (remove skin and tip, stir-fried).
Mix equal parts of the above two ingredients, crush and form pills. Promotes urination. Another variant uses Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen).
Another Prescription:
Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus) (remove skin and core, 7 pieces), Ku Hu Mo (Membrane of Bitter Gourd) (size of a jujube core).
Crush and form pills. Take three pills per dose, three times daily.
Another Prescription:
Shao Jiang Shi (Burned Ginger Stone) heated red-hot, placed in black cow urine to heat. Take one sheng, once daily. (All from Volume XXI)
*Qianjin Yi Fang* Ze Qi Gen Tang (Phytolaccae Radix Decoction) is indicated for severe generalized edema, weakness of the four limbs, or arising from Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting syndrome), or from Huang Dan (Jaundice) and Zhi Yin (Fluid Retention), internal deficiency, obstruction of Ying and Wei, failure of blood and qi transformation, excess qi in the skin, restless panting, abdominal distension, and inability to see.
Ze Qi Gen (Phytolaccae Radix) (10 liang), Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) (2 sheng), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (2 liang, honey-fried), Li Yu (Common Carp) (one fish, 5 jin, cleaned intestines), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (2 liang, remove heart), Fu Ling (Poria) (3 liang), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) (2 liang), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (8 liang).
Cut the above eight ingredients. Use one dou and seven sheng of water. First boil the carp and beans until reduced by seven sheng, then discard. Add the herbs and boil to obtain four sheng and half. Remove dregs. Take three he per dose... (Text fragmentary regarding dosage adjustment).
*Gu Jin Lu Yan* treats Zu Cheng Lang's generalized edema, which physicians could not cure. One dose of this decoction resulted in five to six sheng of urine overnight, leading to recovery. It treats water cough with rebellious qi, generalized flowing edema, shortness of breath, abdominal fullness, inability to lie down day or night, leaning against walls, and the sound of "water chickens" (rales) in the throat. Bai Qian Tang (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix Decoction):
Bai Qian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix) (6 fen), Zi Wan (Asteris Radix) (2 liang), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (5 he; another version says 4 liang, washed thirty times), Sheng Ze Qi Gen (Fresh Phytolaccae Radix) (7 he, cut; another version says 3 liang).
Cut the above four ingredients. Use one dou of water. Add herbs, mark the water level, add seven sheng more water. Simmer over low heat to the marked level. Remove dregs. Then add seven types of herbs... (Text fragmentary).
Yang Shi's *Xiao Xiao Hua Shui Wan* (Small Digestive Water Pill) treats water disease causing mild generalized edema, abdominal enlargement, and indigestion.
Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos) (1 liang, stir-fried), Gan Sui (Euphorbiae Kansui Radix) (1 liang, stir-fried), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang), Ting Li (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) (1 liang, stir-fried), Ba Dou (Crotonis Fructus) (40 seeds, remove heart and skin, stir-fried and ground).
Grind the above five ingredients together and sieve. Mix with honey to form pills the size of a wu zi. Take one pill per dose. Increase slightly if ineffective. Stop when effective. Avoid asparagus and wild boar meat. (All from Volume XI)