病源霍乱而转筋者，由冷气入于筋故也。足之三阴三阳之筋，起于足指，手之三阴三阳
之筋，起于手指，并循络于身，夫霍乱大吐下之后，阴阳俱虚，血气虚极，则手足逆冷而营
卫不理，冷搏于筋，则筋为之转，冷入于足之三阴三阳则脚筋转，入于手之三阴三阳，则手
筋转，随冷所入之筋，筋则转，转者由邪冷之气击动其筋而移转也，又转筋者由营卫气虚，
风冷搏于筋故也，手足之三阴三阳之筋，皆起于手足指，而并络于身，若血气不足，阴阳虚
者，风冷邪气中其筋，随邪所中之筋，筋则转，转者谓其转动也，经云∶足太阳下血气皆少，
则喜转筋，若踵下痛者，是血气少则阳虚，虚而风冷乘之故也，诊其左手关上，肝脉也，沉
为阴，阴实者肝实也，苦肉动转筋，左手尺中名神门以后脉足少阴经也，浮为阳，阳虚者病
苦转筋，其汤熨针石，别有正方补养宣导，今附于后，养生方导引法云，偃卧展两胫两手外
踵者相向，令鼻纳气自极七息，除两膝寒胫骨疼转筋，又云，覆卧旁视立两踵伸腰，鼻纳气
去转筋，又云，张胫两足指，号五息止，令人不转筋，极自用力张，脚痛挽两足指，号言宽
大，去筋节急挛 痛，久行身开张，又云，覆卧旁视立两踵伸腰，以鼻内气自极七息，除脚
中弦痛转筋酸疼，一本云疗脚弱。（出第二十二卷中）
广济疗霍乱吐痢转筋欲入腹，高良姜汤方。
高良姜（四两） 桂心（四两）
上二味切，以水七升，煮取二升，去滓，分三服，如人行四五里，一服。忌生冷生葱。
又疗霍乱转筋不止，茱萸汤方。
吴茱萸（一升） 甘草（二两炙） 干姜（二两炮） 蓼子（一把） 乱发（一两烧） 桂
心（二
两）
上六味切，以水七升，煮取二升三合，绞去滓，分温三服，服别相去如人行六七里。忌
生葱海藻菘菜生冷粘腻等。
又疗转筋方。
取故绵，多取酽醋，甑中蒸及热，用裹病患脚，冷更易勿停，瘥止。（千金同并出第四
卷中）
肘后疗两臂脚及胸胁转筋者方。
取盐一升半，水一斗，煮令热，灼灼尔渍手足，在胸胁者汤洗之，转筋入腹中，到担病
人，令头在下腹中平乃止，若剧者引阴，阴缩必死，犹在到担之可异活耳。
又方
煮苦酒三沸，浸毡裹转筋上，合少粉尤佳，又以绵缠膝下至足。（崔氏集验备急同）
又若转筋入腹中转者方
取鸡屎白一方寸匕，水六合，煮三沸，温顿服，勿令病者知。（仲景经心录备急集验必
效同）
又若霍乱注痢不止，而转筋入腹欲死者方
生姜三两捣破，以酒一升，煮三四沸，顿服之。（肘后短剧备急同出第二卷中）
删繁疗舌强筋缩，牵阴股，引胸腹，胀痛霍乱，黄龙藤汤方。
黄龙藤切一升（此樟木上藤也，断以吹气从中贯度者好也
上一物，以水四升，煮取八合为一服，一剂不止，更至一剂，良验，或宿食不消霍乱或
干霍乱，或吐痢不止，或不吐痢，并悉疗之。（出第三卷中）
千金霍乱转筋入腹，不可奈何方。
极咸作盐汤于糟中暖渍方，则瘥。（短剧集验同）
又方
以醋煮青布 脚膝，冷复易之。（备急文仲崔氏短剧集验救急同）
又方
蓼一把，去两头，以水二升，煮取一升，顿服。（一方云梨叶文仲短剧备急同并出第二
十卷中）
救急霍乱脚转筋绝四肢已冷强，气绝，心上微暖者，犹可救之方。
取朱砂二两熟研，蜡三两和之为丸，待冷着火笼中，如熏衣被，浓覆勿令烟泄，兼床下
着火，令腹微暖，彻良久当汗，则渐气通便活。忌生血物。（出第一卷中）
必效主霍乱脚转筋及入腹方。
以手拗所患脚大拇指，灸当脚心下急筋上七壮。
又方
木瓜子根皮合煮汤，服之。（并出第三卷中）
病因学认为，霍乱病出现转筋症状，是由于寒气侵入筋脉所致。足部的三条阴经和三条阳经的筋脉，起始于足趾；手部的三条阴经和三条阳经的筋脉，起始于手指。这些筋脉都循行联络于全身。在霍乱病剧烈呕吐和腹泻之后，人体的阴阳之气都变得虚弱，血气极度亏虚，导致手足逆冷，营卫之气运行失调。寒气与筋脉相搏结，就会引起筋脉拘急扭转。如果寒气侵入足部的三阴三阳经筋，就会导致脚部筋脉扭转；如果侵入手部的三阴三阳经筋，就会导致手部筋脉扭转。寒气侵入哪条筋脉，哪条筋脉就会发生扭转。所谓“转”，是指邪冷的风气击动筋脉，使其位置移动或扭曲。另外，转筋也是因为营卫之气虚弱，风冷之邪搏结于筋脉所致。手足三阴三阳的筋脉都起始于手足指端，并联络全身。如果血气不足、阴阳虚弱，风冷邪气侵袭筋脉，邪气所中的筋脉就会发生扭转。“转”指的是筋脉的转动。医经记载：足太阳膀胱经气血皆少，就容易发生转筋；如果伴有脚跟下方疼痛，这是因为血气少导致阳气虚，阳气虚则风冷乘虚而入所致。诊察左手关部，此处对应肝脏（Liver），脉象沉属阴，阴实代表肝气实盛，患者会感到肌肉跳动、筋脉拘挛。左手尺中部位，名为神门以后，属于足少阴肾经（Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin）的脉位，脉象浮属阳，阳气虚弱的人容易患转筋病。关于汤药热敷、针灸等疗法，另有专门的方剂，补养和导引方法也附在后面。养生方的导引法说：仰卧，伸展双腿和小臂，使两手外侧脚后跟相对，用鼻子吸气直至极限，共做七次呼吸，可以消除膝盖寒冷、胫骨疼痛和转筋。又说：俯卧，向旁侧看，竖起两脚后跟，伸直腰身，用鼻子吸气直至极限，可以去除转筋。又说：张开小腿，伸直两足趾，号叫五次后停止，可以防止转筋。极力用力张开，如果脚痛，拉扯两足趾，号叫以表示宽大舒展，可以去除筋节紧急挛缩疼痛，长期练习可使身体舒展。又说：俯卧，向旁侧看，竖起两脚后跟，伸直腰身，用鼻子吸气直至极限，共做七次呼吸，可以消除脚部弦痛、转筋和酸痛。另一版本说是治疗脚弱无力。（出自第二十二卷中）
《广济方》治疗霍乱吐泻转筋，筋脉欲上入腹中的高良姜汤方。
高良姜（四两） 桂心（四两）
以上两味药切碎，用水七升，煮取二升药液，去渣，分三次服用。如人行走四五里的时间，服用一次。忌食生冷食物和生葱。
又治疗霍乱转筋不止的茱萸汤方。
吴茱萸（一升） 甘草（二两，炙） 干姜（二两，炮制） 蓼子（一把） 乱发（一两，烧存性） 桂心（二两）
以上六味药切碎，用水七升，煮取二升三合药液，绞去药渣，分三次温服。每次服药间隔时间，如同人行走六七里的路程。忌食生葱、海藻、白菜、生冷及粘腻食物。
又治疗转筋的方子。
取旧棉絮，多加浓醋，在蒸笼中蒸热，用来包裹病人的脚，冷了及时更换，不要停歇，痊愈为止。（此方与《千金方》相同，均出自第四卷中）
《肘后备急方》治疗两臂、脚及胸胁部转筋的方子。
取盐一升半，水一斗，煮至热，将手足浸泡在热水中，胸胁部受累的用热汤清洗。如果转筋进入腹中，抬运病人时，让病人头朝下、腹部放平，直到症状停止。如果病情严重，牵引阴器，阴器收缩者必死，但如果还能抬运，尚有一线生机可救。
又一方
煮醋沸腾三次，浸湿毡布包裹在转筋处，加入少量面粉效果更好，再用棉布缠绕膝下直至足部。（崔氏集验方、备急方相同）
又如果转筋进入腹中扭转的方子
取鸡屎白一方寸匕的量，加水六合，煮开三次，温服，不要让病人知道。（张仲景《经心录》、《备急集验方》、《必效方》相同）
又如果霍乱泄泻不止，且转筋进入腹中，濒临死亡的方子
生姜三两捣破，用酒一升，煮三四沸，一次性服下。（《肘后方》、《短剧方》、《备急方》相同，均出自第二卷中）
《删繁方》治疗舌强筋缩，牵引大腿内侧，牵连胸腹，胀痛霍乱的黄龙藤汤方。
黄龙藤切一升（这是樟树上的藤蔓，折断后用嘴吹气能从中贯通的是好药）
以上一味药，用水四升，煮取八合作为一服。如果一剂药后症状未止，再服一剂，疗效良好。无论是宿食不消引起的霍乱，还是干霍乱，或是吐泻不止，或不吐不泻，都能治疗。（出自第三卷中）
《千金方》治疗霍乱转筋入腹，无可奈何的方子。
极咸的盐汤在酒糟中温热后浸泡患处，即可痊愈。（《短剧集验方》相同）
又一方
用醋煮青布，浸泡脚膝，冷了再换。（《备急方》、《文仲方》、《崔氏方》、《短剧集验方》、《救急方》相同）
又一方
蓼一把，去掉两头，用水二升，煮取一升，一次性服下。（一方说是梨叶，《文仲方》、《短剧方》、《备急方》相同，均出自第二十卷中）
《救急方》治疗霍乱脚部转筋，四肢已冷僵硬，气息断绝，但心上微暖，还可以救治的方子。
取朱砂二两，研熟，加蜡三两调和做成丸药。待冷却后放入火笼中，像熏衣被一样，严密覆盖不让烟气泄露，同时在床下点火，使腹部微微温暖，过很久应该会出汗，然后气息逐渐通畅就能活命。忌食生血类食物。（出自第一卷中）
《必效方》主治霍乱脚部转筋及转入腹中的方子。
用手拗折患侧脚的大拇指，在脚心下方急迫的筋脉处灸七壮。
又一方
木瓜子根皮合煮成汤，服用。（均出自第三卷中）
According to etiology, the symptom of muscle cramps (Zhuanjin) in cholera is caused by cold qi invading the sinews. The sinews of the three yin and three yang meridians of the foot originate from the toes; the sinews of the three yin and three yang meridians of the hand originate from the fingers. These sinews all circulate and connect throughout the body. After severe vomiting and diarrhea in cholera, both yin and yang qi become deficient, blood and qi are extremely depleted, leading to cold extremities and disordered circulation of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) qi. Cold qi combats with the sinews, causing them to twist and spasm. If cold qi invades the sinews of the foot's three yin and three yang meridians, it causes leg muscle cramps; if it invades the sinews of the hand's three yin and three yang meridians, it causes arm muscle cramps. Wherever cold qi enters, that specific meridian's sinew will twist. "Twisting" refers to the evil cold qi striking and displacing the sinews. Additionally, muscle cramps occur due to deficiency of Ying and Wei qi, allowing wind-cold pathogens to combat the sinews. The sinews of the hand and foot's three yin and three yang meridians all originate from the finger and toe tips and connect throughout the body. If blood and qi are insufficient and yin and yang are weak, wind-cold pathogens invade the sinews, and the sinews struck by the pathogens will twist. "Twisting" refers to the rotation of the sinews. Medical classics state: When Qi and Blood of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian are both scarce, one is prone to muscle cramps; if accompanied by pain below the heel, it is because scarcity of Qi and Blood leads to Yang deficiency, and Wind-Cold takes advantage of this deficiency. Palpating the left Guan position corresponds to the Liver (Gan); a deep pulse indicates Yin, and Yin excess signifies Liver excess, manifesting as muscle twitching and sinew spasms. The position at the left Chi level, named after Shenmen, belongs to the Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin (Shao-Yin Zhi Shu-Jing Mai); a floating pulse indicates Yang, and Yang deficiency predisposes one to muscle cramps. Regarding decoction compresses, moxibustion, and acupuncture, there are separate specialized formulas. Nourishing and Daoyin (guiding and pulling) methods are attached below. The Daoyin method in health preservation texts says: Lie supine, extend both legs and forearms, bringing the outer heels of the hands together. Inhale through the nose to the maximum extent for seven breaths. This eliminates knee coldness, tibial pain, and muscle cramps. It also says: Lie prone, look sideways, erect both heels, straighten the waist, inhale through the nose to the maximum extent. This removes muscle cramps. It also says: Stretch the calves and extend the toes of both feet, vocalize five times then stop. This prevents muscle cramps. Exert maximum force when stretching. If foot pain occurs, pull the toes of both feet, vocalize to indicate expansion, which removes tightness, spasms, and pain in the joints and sinews. Long-term practice opens up the body. It also says: Lie prone, look sideways, erect both heels, straighten the waist, inhale through the nose to the maximum extent for seven breaths. This eliminates string-like pain, muscle cramps, soreness, and pain in the feet. Another version states it treats foot weakness. (From Volume 22)
Guangji Fang treats cholera with vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle cramps where the sinews feel like they are entering the abdomen: Gaoliangjiang Tang (Galangal Decoction).
Gaoliangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma, 4 liang) Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex, 4 liang)
Cut the two ingredients. Boil in 7 sheng of water until reduced to 2 sheng. Remove dregs. Divide into three doses. Administer one dose every interval equivalent to walking 4-5 li. Avoid raw/cold foods and raw green onions.
Another formula treats persistent muscle cramps in cholera: Zhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction).
Wuzhuyu (Euodiae Fructus, 1 sheng) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang, honey-fried) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 2 liang, processed) Liaozizi (Polygoni Hydropiperis Fructus, 1 handful) Luankui (Hominis Crinis Carbonisatus, 1 liang, burnt) Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex, 2 liang)
Cut the six ingredients. Boil in 7 sheng of water until reduced to 2 sheng and 3 he. Strain. Divide into three warm doses. Space doses by an interval equivalent to walking 6-7 li. Avoid raw green onions, seaweed, Chinese cabbage, raw/cold foods, and sticky/greasy foods.
Another formula for muscle cramps:
Take old cotton wadding. Add plenty of strong vinegar. Steam in a steamer until hot. Wrap around the patient's feet. Replace immediately when cool. Continue without stopping until cured. (Same as Qianjin Fang, from Volume 4)
Zhouhou Baofang treats muscle cramps in both arms, legs, chest, and hypochondrium:
Take 1.5 sheng of salt and 1 dou of water. Boil until hot. Immerse hands and feet in the hot solution. For chest/hypochondrium involvement, wash with the hot soup. If cramps enter the abdomen, when carrying the patient, keep the head lower than the abdomen until symptoms cease. If severe, with retraction of the genitals, death is certain. However, if the patient can still be carried, there is a chance of survival.
Another formula:
Boil vinegar (Cu, Vinegar) three times. Soak felt cloth and wrap around the cramped area. Adding a little flour is especially good. Also, wrap cotton cloth from below the knee to the foot. (Same as Cui Shi Jiyan Fang, Beiji Fang)
Another formula for muscle cramps entering the abdomen:
Take 1 cun-bi of Jishibai (Chicken Manure White, Bai Ji), add 6 he of water. Boil three times. Take warm in one dose. Do not let the patient know. (Same as Zhang Zhongjing Jingxin Lu, Beiji Jiyan Bixiao Fang)
Another formula for cholera with incessant diarrhea and muscle cramps entering the abdomen, nearing death:
Crush 3 liang of fresh ginger (Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger Root). Boil in 1 sheng of wine for 3-4 boils. Take in one dose. (Same as Zhouhou Duanju Fang, Beiji Fang, from Volume 2)
Shanfan Fang treats stiff tongue, contracted sinews, traction of the inner thigh,牵连 of chest/abdomen, distension/pain, and cholera: Huanglong Teng Tang (Yellow Dragon Vine Decoction).
Huanglong Teng (Chloranthi Caulis, cut 1 sheng) [This is a vine from the camphor tree; those that allow air to pass through when broken are considered good.]
Boil the single ingredient in 4 sheng of water until reduced to 8 he for one dose. If one dose does not stop symptoms, administer another. Excellent efficacy. Treats indigestion-induced cholera, dry cholera, incessant vomiting/diarrhea, or cases with neither vomiting nor diarrhea. (From Volume 3)
Qianjin Fang treats cholera with muscle cramps entering the abdomen, when no other measures work:
Make a very salty saltwater decoction. Warm it in rice bran dregs and soak the affected area. This cures. (Same as Duanju Jiyan Fang)
Another formula:
Boil blue cloth (Qingbu) in vinegar. Soak feet and knees. Replace when cool. (Same as Beiji Fang, Wenzhong Fang, Cui Shi Fang, Duanju Jiyan Fang, Jiujie Fang)
Another formula:
Take 1 handful of Liaocao (Polygoni Hydropiperis Herba, Water Pepper Herb). Remove ends. Boil in 2 sheng of water until reduced to 1 sheng. Take in one dose. (One version says Pear Leaf, Liye. Same as Wenzhong Fang, Duanju Fang, Beiji Fang, from Volume 20)
Jiujie Fang treats cholera with foot muscle cramps, cold/stiff extremities, absent breathing, but slight warmth over the heart region, indicating salvageable condition:
Take 2 liang of Zhusha (Cinnabar, Zhu Sha), finely ground. Mix with 3 liang of beeswax to make pills. Let cool. Place in a fire cage. Use like fumigating clothes/quilts. Cover thickly to prevent smoke leakage. Also place fire under the bed to keep the abdomen slightly warm. After a long time, sweating should occur, followed by gradual return of breath and bowel movement, leading to recovery. Avoid raw blood products. (From Volume 1)
Bixiao Fang treats cholera with foot muscle cramps and cramps entering the abdomen:
Manually bend the big toe of the affected foot. Apply moxibustion (Jiu, Moxibustion) on the tense sinew below the center of the sole, 7 moxa cones.
Another formula:
Decoct the root bark of Mugua Gen (Chaenomelis Radix, Quince Root Bark) and drink. (Both from Volume 3)