《大全》云∶肾主腰足，因劳伤损动其经，虚则风冷乘之，故腰痛。冷气乘虚入则腹痛
，
故令腰腹相引而痛。其痛不止，多动胎气，妇人肾以系胞，妊娠而腰痛甚者，则胞坠也。
按薛氏曰∶前症若外邪所伤，用独活寄生汤，劳伤元气用八珍汤加杜仲、砂仁、阿胶、
艾叶
，脾肾不足以前药加白术、补骨脂，气血郁滞用紫苏饮加桔梗、枳壳，肝火所动用小柴胡汤
加白术、枳壳、山栀，肝脾郁结用归脾汤加柴胡、枳壳。
(即子满子气胎水肿满)
《产宝论》曰∶娠孕肿满，由脏气本弱，因孕重虚，土不克水，血散于四肢，遂致腹胀
足面目皆浮、小便闭涩。陈无择云∶凡妇人宿有风寒冷湿，妊娠喜脚肿，俗呼为皱脚。亦有
通身肿满，心腹胀急，名曰胎水。
论曰∶凡妊娠之人，无使气极。若静气和则胎气安稳，若中风寒邪气及有所触犯，则随
邪而
生病也。凡妊娠经血闭壅以养胎，若忽然虚肿，乃胎中挟水，水血相搏，脾胃恶湿，身之肌
肉湿渍，气弱则肌肉虚，水流气溢，故令身肿满也。然其由有自，或因泄泻下痢，脏腑虚滑
，耗损脾胃，或因寒热疟疾，烦渴引饮太过，湿渍脾胃，皆能使头目或手足浮肿也。然水渍
于胞，儿未成形，则胎多损坏。及临产日，脚微肿者，乃胞脏水少血多，水出于外故微肿，
则易生也。宿有寒气，因寒冷所触，故能令腹胀肿满也。
《产乳集论》曰∶娠妊自三月成胎之后，两足自脚面渐肿腿膝以来，行步艰辛，以致喘
闷，
饮食不美似水气状，于脚指间有黄水出者，谓之子气，直至分娩方消。此由妇人素有风气，
或冲任经有血风，未可妄投汤药，但甚者将产之际，有不测之忧，故不可不治于未产之前也
(
古方论中鲜有言者，元丰中，淮南陈景初独能论治此症，方名香附散，李伯时名曰天仙藤散
)。
按薛氏曰∶若前症胸满腹胀，小便不通，遍身浮肿，用鲤鱼汤(论曰∶满，妊妇通身肿
满或心胸
急胀，名曰胎水。遂去孕妇胸前看之，胸肚不分，急以鲤鱼汤三五服，大小便皆下恶水，肿
消胀去，方得分娩死胎。此症盖因怀孕腹大，不自知觉，人人谓孕妇如此，终不知胎水之
为患也)。
脾胃虚弱，佐以四君子。若面目虚浮，肢体如水气，用《全生》白术散，未应，用六君
子汤
。脾虚湿热，下部作肿，用补中益气加茯苓。若饮食失节，呕吐泄泻，用六君子汤。若腿足
发肿，喘闷不安，或指缝出水，用天仙藤散。脾胃虚弱，合四君子汤。如未应，用补中益气
汤。若脾肺气滞，用加味归脾汤，佐以加味逍遥散。
《妇人大全良方》说：肾主管腰部和足部，因劳累损伤触动经脉，正气虚弱时风冷之邪就会乘虚而入，所以导致腰痛。冷气乘虚侵入腹部则引起腹痛，因此出现腰部与腹部相互牵引而痛的情况。如果疼痛不止，容易扰动胎气。妇女的肾通过经络系连胞宫（子宫），妊娠期间若腰痛严重，说明胞宫下坠。
按照薛己的说法：上述症状如果是外邪侵袭所致，使用独活寄生汤；如果是劳伤元气所致，使用八珍汤加杜仲、砂仁、阿胶、艾叶；如果是脾肾不足，在上述药物基础上加白术、补骨脂；如果是气血郁滞，使用紫苏饮加桔梗、枳壳；如果是肝火妄动，使用小柴胡汤加白术、枳壳、山栀；如果是肝脾郁结，使用归脾汤加柴胡、枳壳。
《产宝论》说：妊娠期间身体肿胀胀满，是因为脏腑之气原本虚弱，怀孕后更加虚弱，脾土不能克制肾水，血液散乱于四肢，于是导致腹部胀大，脚、面、眼睛都浮肿，小便闭塞涩痛。陈无择说：凡是妇女素来有风寒冷湿之邪，怀孕后喜欢脚肿，俗称“皱脚”。也有全身肿胀胀满，心胸腹部胀急的，名叫“胎水”。
论述说：凡是怀孕的人，不要让情绪气机达到极点。如果气息平和，则胎气安稳；如果中风寒邪气以及有所触犯，就会随着邪气而生病。凡是怀孕后经血闭阻以滋养胎儿，如果突然发生虚肿，乃是胎中挟带水湿，水与血相互搏结，脾胃厌恶湿气，身体的肌肉被湿气浸渍，气虚弱则肌肉空虚，水流溢于气分，所以导致身体肿胀胀满。然而其成因各有不同，有的因为泄泻下痢，脏腑虚滑，耗损脾胃；有的因为寒热疟疾，烦渴饮水过多，湿气浸渍脾胃，都能使头目或手足浮肿。然而如果水湿浸渍胞宫，胎儿尚未成形，则胎儿多会损坏。等到临产之日，脚微微浮肿的，乃是胞脏水少血多，水分出于体表所以轻微浮肿，这样容易生产。素来有寒气，因寒冷触碰，所以能导致腹部胀满浮肿。
《产乳集论》说：妊娠自三个月成胎之后，两脚从脚面逐渐肿胀至腿膝，行走艰难，以致气喘胸闷，饮食不佳似水气状，脚趾间有黄水渗出的，称为“子气”，直到分娩才消退。这是由于妇人素有风气，或者冲任经脉有血风，不可妄投汤药，但严重时临近分娩之际，会有不测之忧，所以在未分娩之前必须治疗（古代方论中很少有人谈论此症，元丰年间，淮南的陈景初独自能论述治疗此症，方剂名为香附散，李伯时称之为天仙藤散）。
按照薛己的说法：如果前述症状出现胸满腹胀，小便不通，全身浮肿，使用鲤鱼汤（论述说：胀满，指孕妇通身肿胀胀满或心胸急胀，名叫胎水。于是查看孕妇胸前，发现胸肚界限不分，急忙服用鲤鱼汤三到五服，大小便排出恶水，肿胀消退胀满去除，才能顺利分娩死胎。此症大概因为怀孕腹部变大，自己不觉察，人人都认为孕妇应当如此，最终不知道胎水的危害）。
脾胃虚弱，配合四君子汤。如果面目虚浮，肢体像水气状，使用《全生集》中的白术散，无效的话，使用六君子汤。脾虚湿热，下部作肿，使用补中益气汤加茯苓。如果饮食失节，呕吐泄泻，使用六君子汤。如果腿足发肿，气喘胸闷不安，或者指缝出水，使用天仙藤散。脾胃虚弱，合用四君子汤。如果无效，使用补中益气汤。如果脾肺气滞，使用加味归脾汤，配合加味逍遥散。
The *Daquan* (Complete Good Prescriptions) states: The Kidney governs the waist and feet. Due to fatigue and injury disturbing the meridians, when deficiency occurs, wind-cold pathogens take advantage of the weakness, thus causing lower back pain. When cold qi invades due to deficiency, it causes abdominal pain, resulting in pain that draws between the waist and abdomen. If this pain persists, it often disturbs fetal qi. In women, the Kidney connects to the Bao Palace (uterus). During pregnancy, severe lower back pain indicates a descent of the Bao Palace.
According to Xue Ji: If the aforementioned symptoms are caused by external pathogens, use Duhuo Jisheng Tang (Angelica Pubescens Decoction for Expelling Wind-Dampness and Nourishing Qi and Blood); if caused by labor injuring Yuan Qi (Original Qi), use Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) with added Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), Sharen (Amomum Fruit), Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin), and Aye (Mugwort Leaf); if there is insufficiency of Spleen and Kidney, add Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit) to the previous prescription; if there is stagnation of Qi and Blood, use Zisu Yin (Perilla Infusion) with added Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) and Zhike (Bitter Orange); if Liver Fire flares up, use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with added Baizhu, Zhike, and Shanzhi (Gardenia Fruit); if there is depression and knotting of Liver and Spleen, use Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) with added Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Zhike.
(This refers to Zi Man [Fetal Fullness], Zi Qi [Fetal Qi Edema], and Tai Shui Zhong Man [Fetal Water Swelling].)
The *Chanbao Lun* (Treatise on Obstetrics and Treasures) states: Swelling and fullness during pregnancy occur because the visceral Qi was originally weak, and pregnancy further exacerbates this deficiency. Earth fails to control Water, blood scatters into the four limbs, leading to abdominal distension, edema of the feet, face, and eyes, and obstructed, scanty urination. Chen Wuzhe states: Women who have pre-existing wind-cold-damp pathogenic factors often experience foot swelling during pregnancy, commonly known as "Zhoujiao" (Wrinkled Feet). There are also cases of whole-body swelling and fullness with urgent chest and abdominal distension, named "Taishui" (Fetal Water).
The discussion states: Pregnant women should avoid extreme emotional agitation. If the Qi is peaceful, the fetal Qi remains stable. If struck by wind-cold pathogens or subjected to other provocations, illness will arise following the pathogens. During pregnancy, menstrual blood is retained to nourish the fetus. If sudden edema occurs, it is because water-dampness accompanies the fetus; water and blood contend with each other. The Spleen and Stomach dislike dampness, and the body's muscles are soaked by dampness. When Qi is weak, muscles become deficient, water flows and overflows into the Qi level, causing whole-body swelling and fullness. However, the causes vary. Some result from diarrhea or dysentery, causing visceral laxity and damaging the Spleen and Stomach. Others result from cold-heat malaria or excessive drinking due to thirst, where dampness soaks the Spleen and Stomach, all leading to edema of the head, eyes, hands, or feet. However, if water-soaking affects the Bao Palace before the fetus has formed, the fetus is likely to be damaged. On the day of delivery, slight swelling of the feet indicates that the Bao Palace has less water and more blood, with fluid emerging externally, causing slight swelling, which facilitates easy delivery. Pre-existing cold qi, triggered by cold exposure, can cause abdominal distension and swelling.
The *Chanru Ji Lun* (Collected Treatises on Obstetrics and Lactation) states: After conception at three months, both feet gradually swell from the dorsum of the foot up to the legs and knees, making walking difficult, leading to panting and chest oppression, poor appetite resembling water-pathogen patterns, and yellow fluid oozing from between the toes. This is called "Ziqi" (Fetal Qi Edema), which subsides only after delivery. This is due to pre-existing wind pathogens in the woman, or blood-wind in the Chong and Ren meridians. One should not recklessly administer decoctions, but since severe cases pose unpredictable risks near delivery, treatment is necessary before childbirth. (Ancient formulas rarely discuss this condition. In the Yuanfeng era, Chen Jingchu of Huainan alone discussed its treatment, using a formula named Xiangfu San, which Li Boshi called Tianxianteng San.)
According to Xue Ji: If the aforementioned symptoms present with chest fullness and abdominal distension, inability to urinate, and generalized edema, use Liyu Tang (Carp Decoction). (Discussion: Fullness refers to generalized swelling and fullness or urgent chest tightness in pregnant women, named Taishui. Upon examining the anterior chest of the pregnant woman, finding no distinction between chest and abdomen, urgently administering 3-5 doses of Liyu Tang resulted in the discharge of foul fluids via stool and urine, reducing swelling and removing distension, allowing for the delivery of a dead fetus. This condition arises because the pregnant abdomen enlarges without the patient's awareness; everyone assumes this is normal for pregnancy, ultimately unaware of the harm caused by Taishui.)
For Spleen and Stomach deficiency, combine with Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction). For puffy face and eyes, and limbs resembling water-swelling, use Baizhu San from *Quanshengji*, and if ineffective, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction). For Spleen deficiency with damp-heat causing lower body swelling, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) with added Fuling (Poria). For irregular diet causing vomiting and diarrhea, use Liujunzi Tang. For swelling of legs and feet, panting, chest oppression, restlessness, or oozing fluid between fingers, use Tianxianteng San. For Spleen and Stomach deficiency, combine with Sijunzi Tang. If ineffective, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang. For Qi stagnation of Spleen and Lung, use Jiawei Guipi Tang (Modified Restore the Spleen Decoction), assisted by Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder).