张仲景曰∶寸口脉微而缓，微者卫气疏，疏则其肤空，缓者胃弱不实，则谷消而水化。谷入于胃，脉道乃
行，水入于经，其血乃成。荣盛则其肤必疏，三焦绝经，名曰血崩。
张仲景曰∶寸口脉弦而大，弦则为减，大则为芤。减则为寒，芤则为虚，虚寒相搏，此名曰革，妇人则半
产漏下。
慎斋按∶以上《金匮》二条，序妇人崩漏本于三焦绝经，而芤减之脉，为虚寒相搏
之病也。
王海藏曰∶或因胎产，或因酒色，前后脱血，带漏不已。先由子脏，俱入赤肠，滓液恶秽，前行太过，滓
粪燥结，后滞不通，此胎肠俱病，治宜推去败血脓积，益血致新也。心所不生，脾所不裹，肝所不藏，此三焦
经绝也。宿虽为病，亦有浅深新久，治亦从轻重之。
戴元礼曰∶血大至曰崩，或清或浊，或纯下瘀血，势不可止。有崩甚腹痛，人多疑恶血未尽。又见血色瘀
黑，愈信恶血之说，不敢止截。大凡血之为患，欲出未出之际，停在腹中，即成瘀血，以瘀为恶，又焉知瘀之
不为虚冷乎。瘀而腹痛，血行则痛止。崩而腹痛，血住则痛止。芎归汤加姜、附，止其血而痛自止。
朱丹溪曰∶有涎郁胸中，清气不升，故经脉壅遏而降下。非开涎，不足以行气。非气升，则血不能归隧道。
此论血泄之义甚明。盖以开胸膈间之浊涎，则清气升，清气升则血归隧道而不崩矣。其证或腹满如孕，或脐腹
痛，或血结成片，或血出则快，止则闷，或脐上动。治宜开结痰，行滞气，消污血。
慎斋按∶以上三条，序血崩之属污血痰涎，实邪为病也。凡病先明虚实寒热，如崩漏证，有虚有实，有寒
有热。虚者主于血虚气虚，阴虚阳虚。实者主于污瘀恶血，痰涎郁滞。虚则为寒为冷，实则为火为热。此证
之不可不先辨者也。
张仲景说：寸口脉象微弱而迟缓。脉微，说明卫气疏泄无力；卫气疏泄无力，则肌肤腠理空虚；脉缓，说明胃气虚弱而不能充实脉道，导致水谷精微消化后无法转化为营血。谷物进入胃中，脉道才能通畅运行；水液进入经脉，血液才能生成。若营气过盛，则肌肤腠理必然疏松，三焦经络断绝，这种情况称为血崩。
张仲景说：寸口脉象弦而大。弦脉表示阳气衰减，大脉表示中空如芤。阳气衰减则生内寒，脉中空则主血虚，虚与寒相互搏结，这种脉象称为革脉，妇女出现这种脉象会导致半产（小产）或漏下（非经期阴道出血）。
慎斋按语：以上两条出自《金匮要略》，论述了妇人崩漏的根源在于三焦经络断绝，而芤脉和减脉，是虚寒相互搏结所致病症的脉象表现。
王海藏说：有的因为胎产损伤，有的因为酒色过度，导致前后脱血、带下淋漓不止。起初病位在于子脏，邪气侵入赤肠，污浊液体和恶秽之物下行太过，导致粪便干燥结滞，后部肠道阻滞不通，这是胎脏和肠脏同时患病，治疗应当推逐排出败血脓积，补益血液以更新生机。心不能生血，脾不能统血，肝不能藏血，这就是三焦经络断绝的表现。宿疾虽然致病，也有病情深浅和新旧之分，治疗也应根据轻重的不同而有所区别。
戴元礼说：血量极大涌出称为崩，血色或清或浊，或纯为瘀血下行，势不可挡。有的崩漏严重且伴有腹痛，人们多怀疑是恶血未尽。又见到血色瘀黑，更加确信是恶血之说，不敢使用止血药物。大凡血液为患，在欲出未出之际，停留在腹中，就会形成瘀血，人们认为瘀血就是恶血，又怎知瘀血不一定是由虚冷引起的呢？因瘀血导致的腹痛，血液流通则疼痛停止；因崩漏导致的腹痛，血液止住则疼痛停止。可用芎归汤加入生姜、附子，止住血液则疼痛自然停止。
朱丹溪说：有痰涎郁结于胸中，导致清气不能上升，因此经脉壅塞阻滞而下陷出血。不开除痰涎，就无法使气机运行；气不升举，血液就不能回归正常脉道。这一论述阐明了血泄（出血）的道理。大概是因为开通胸膈间的浊腻痰涎，清气得以升发，清气升发则血液回归脉道而不发生崩漏。其症状表现为腹部胀满如同怀孕，或脐腹部疼痛，或血液结成块状，或出血时感觉畅快，停止出血时感到胸闷，或脐上有跳动感。治疗应当开结化痰，行滞气，消除污血。
慎斋按语：以上三条，论述了血崩属于污血、痰涎等实邪致病的类型。凡是疾病，首先要辨明虚实寒热，如崩漏证，有虚证也有实证，有寒证也有热证。虚证主要在于血虚、气虚、阴虚、阳虚。实证主要在于污瘀恶血、痰涎郁滞。虚证表现为寒、冷，实证表现为火、热。这个证候是不可不首先辨别的。
Zhang Zhongjing stated: The pulse at the Cun Kou (inch position) is faint and slow. A faint pulse indicates that the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is sparse; when sparse, the skin and pores become empty. A slow pulse indicates that the Stomach Qi is weak and fails to fill the vessels, resulting in food being digested but water failing to transform into blood. When grain enters the stomach, the vessel pathways then circulate; when water enters the meridians, the blood is then formed. If Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) becomes excessive, the skin and pores will inevitably be loose. This condition, where the San Jiao (Triple Burner) meridians are severed, is named Blood Collapse (Xue Beng).
Zhang Zhongjing stated: The pulse at the Cun Kou is wiry and large. Wiry indicates a decrease [in Yang], and large indicates a hollow [like a leek stalk, Kou]. Decrease indicates cold, and hollow indicates deficiency. Deficiency and cold clashing together is named Ge Pulse (Leather Pulse). In women, this leads to miscarriage or persistent dripping bleeding (Lou Xia).
Shen Zhai commented: The above two excerpts from *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (*Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet*) outline that the root of women's metrorrhagia and leukorrhea lies in the severing of the San Jiao meridians, and the Kou (hollow) and Jian (decreased) pulses represent the pathology of clashing deficiency and cold.
Wang Haizang stated: It may occur due to childbirth or postpartum conditions, or due to alcohol and sexual excesses, leading to hemorrhage from both anterior and posterior orifices, with continuous dripping discharge. Initially, the disease resides in the Zi Zang (uterus), entering the Chi Chang (red intestines). The turbid fluids and foul waste descend excessively, causing feces to become dry and constipated, while the posterior stagnation remains unblocked. This indicates simultaneous disease of the fetal organ and intestines. Treatment should aim to push out the foul blood and pus accumulation, replenishing blood to promote regeneration. If the Heart cannot generate blood, the Spleen cannot envelop it, and the Liver cannot store it, this constitutes the severing of the San Jiao meridians. Although chronic diseases vary in depth, novelty, and duration, treatment must also correspond to their severity.
Dai Yuanli stated: Massive bleeding is called "Beng" (Collapse). The blood may be clear or turbid, or purely composed of stagnant blood flowing down, unstoppable. In cases where collapse is severe accompanied by abdominal pain, people often suspect that foul blood has not been fully expelled. Seeing the blood color as dark and stasis-like further confirms the theory of foul blood, making one afraid to use hemostatic methods. Generally, when blood is affected, if it stays in the abdomen before exiting, it forms blood stasis. People consider stasis as foul, but how do they know that stasis might not be caused by deficiency-cold? Abdominal pain caused by stasis ceases when blood circulation resumes. Abdominal pain caused by collapse ceases when bleeding stops. Use Xiong Gui Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Decoction) added with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) to stop the bleeding, after which the pain will naturally cease.
Zhu Danxi stated: There are cases where phlegm-saliva stagnates in the chest, preventing Clear Qi from ascending, thereby causing the meridians to become obstructed and blood to descend. Without resolving the phlegm, Qi movement cannot proceed; without Qi ascending, blood cannot return to the normal vessels. This discussion clearly explains the mechanism of blood leakage. Essentially, by clearing the turbid phlegm-saliva in the chest and diaphragm, Clear Qi ascends; once Clear Qi ascends, blood returns to the vessels and collapse does not occur. Symptoms may include abdominal fullness resembling pregnancy, pain around the umbilicus and abdomen, blood forming clumps, feeling relieved during bleeding but stifled when it stops, or pulsation above the umbilicus. Treatment should focus on resolving phlegm nodules, moving stagnant Qi, and eliminating foul blood.
Shen Zhai commented: The above three excerpts describe blood collapse caused by pathogenic factors such as foul blood and phlegm-saliva (excess pathogens). For any disease, one must first distinguish between deficiency/excess and cold/heat. Regarding collapse and dripping bleeding, there are deficiency patterns and excess patterns, cold patterns and heat patterns. Deficiency primarily involves blood deficiency, Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, and Yang deficiency. Excess primarily involves foul stasis, foul blood, and phlegm-saliva stagnation. Deficiency manifests as cold and chill, while excess manifests as fire and heat. It is imperative to distinguish these patterns first.