《产孕集》曰∶妊娠自三月成胎后，两足自脚面渐肿，行步艰难，以至喘闷，饮食不美，似水气状，脚趾
间有黄水出者，谓之子气，直至分娩方消。此由妇人素有风气，或冲任经有血风，未可妄投汤药。亦虑将产之
际，有不测之忧，故不可不治于未产之前也。
陈良甫曰∶妊娠两脚浮肿，名曰脆脚。因脾衰不能制水，血化成水所致，全生白术散主之。
朱丹溪曰∶妊娠两足胫肿至膝，甚则足趾间出水。此由中气聚养胎元，壅郁不得升发，法当疏郁滞，天仙藤
散主之。
何松庵曰∶孕妇六七月间，两足浮肿，足太阴脾经养胎也。脾主四肢，此时胎已坠下，故肿见于两足，分娩
后即愈。
齐仲甫曰∶妊娠脚肿，非水气比。至八九月，胫及腿俱肿，不可以水病治之，反伤真气。有此者，必易产，
因胞脏中水血俱多，不致燥胎故也。若初妊即肿者，是水气过多，儿未成体，则胎必坏。
《名医录》曰∶宋少主与徐文伯微行，学针法。文伯见一妊妇足肿不能行，少主脉之曰∶此女形也。文伯
诊之曰∶此男胎也，在
左则胎黑色。少主怒，欲破之，文伯恻然曰∶臣请针之。胎遂堕，男形而色黑。此妊娠足肿之说也。
《济阴纲目》按∶子肿与子气相类，然子气在下体，子肿在头面。若子满，大都在五六月以后，比子气与
子肿不同。盖胎大则腹满，满则气浮遍身浮肿也。
慎斋按∶以上九条，序胎前有子气脚肿之证也。妊娠有遍身、胸腹头面、四肢浮肿者，曰子满。有止两足胫
肿，渐至腿膝者，曰子气。子气即子肿也。要皆本于脾虚，中气不运，以致水谷湿热之气，浸渍肌肉，流溢四肢。
此《大全》以下三论，为见本之治。若《产乳》、《三因》，是兼外邪论矣。
《产孕集》记载：妊娠三个月成胎之后，双脚从脚面开始逐渐肿胀，行走困难，甚至出现气喘胸闷、食欲不佳的症状，表现类似水气病。若脚趾间有黄水渗出，称为“子气”，直到分娩后才会消退。这是由于妇人平素体内有风气，或冲任二脉有血风所致，不可随意投用汤药。但也担心临产之际发生不测之虞，所以必须在未生产之前进行治疗。
陈无择说：凡是妇人平素有风寒湿冷之邪，怀孕后多出现脚肿，俗称“皱脚”。
陈良甫说：妊娠期间双脚浮肿，称为“脆脚”。这是因为脾脏衰弱不能制约水液，血液化生为水湿所致，应当使用全生白术散主治。
朱丹溪说：妊娠双小腿肿胀直至膝盖，严重时脚趾间流出水液。这是由于中气聚集以滋养胎元，导致气机壅滞郁结不得升发，治法应当疏通郁滞，使用天仙藤散主治。
何松庵说：孕妇在六七月间，双脚浮肿，是因为足太阴脾经负责养胎。脾主四肢，此时胎儿已下坠，所以肿胀出现在双脚，分娩后即痊愈。
齐仲甫说：妊娠脚肿，不同于一般的水气病。到了八九月，小腿及大腿都肿胀，不可以按水病来治疗，否则会反伤真气。有此症状者，必定容易生产，因为胞宫中水血俱多，不会使胎燥，故而易产。若是刚怀孕就肿胀的，是水气过多，胎儿尚未成形，则胎儿必坏。
《名医录》记载：宋少主与徐文伯微服私访，学习针灸之法。徐文伯见到一位孕妇脚肿无法行走，宋少主诊脉后说：这是女胎。徐文伯诊察后说：这是男胎，位于左侧则胎色黑。宋少主发怒，想要破腹取出，徐文伯怜悯地说：臣请求施针。胎儿随即堕下，确为男形且色黑。这就是关于妊娠足肿的说法。
《济阴纲目》按语：子肿与子气相似，但子气在下体，子肿在头面。至于子满，大多在五六月以后出现，与子气和子肿不同。大概是因为胎儿变大导致腹部胀满，气浮于全身而浮肿。
慎斋按语：以上九条，叙述了胎前有子气脚肿的证候。妊娠期间出现遍身、胸腹头面、四肢浮肿的，称为子满。只有两小腿肿胀，渐至腿膝的，称为子气。子气即子肿。这些病症根本都在于脾虚，中气不运，导致水谷湿热之气浸渍肌肉，流溢于四肢。这三篇论述（指《大全》以下三论），是着眼于本源的治法。而《产乳方》、《三因方》，则是兼论外邪的。
*Chan Yu Ji* (Collection of Childbearing and Pregnancy) states: After the fetus is formed at three months of pregnancy, both feet gradually swell starting from the dorsum of the foot, making walking difficult, and may even lead to panting, chest oppression, and poor appetite, resembling edema due to water qi. If yellow fluid oozes from between the toes, it is called *Ziqi* (Fetal Qi), which persists until delivery when it subsides. This is caused by wind pathogens present in the woman's body prior to pregnancy, or blood-wind in the Chong and Ren meridians. One should not recklessly administer decoctions. However, one must also fear unforeseen dangers during childbirth; therefore, treatment is necessary before delivery.
Chen Wuyue stated: Whenever women have pre-existing cold, wind, dampness, or cold pathogens, they often experience leg swelling during pregnancy, commonly referred to as "Zhoubiao" (Wrinkled Foot).
Chen Liangfu stated: Bilateral leg edema during pregnancy is named "Cuibiao" (Brittle Foot). It is caused by spleen deficiency failing to control water, where blood transforms into water. It should be primarily treated with Quansheng Baizhu San (Complete Life Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction).
Zhu Danxi stated: Swelling of both lower legs up to the knees during pregnancy, and even fluid oozing from between the toes, is caused by middle qi gathering to nourish the fetal origin, leading to stagnation and depression that prevents ascending and dispersing. The method should be to relieve stagnation, primarily treating with Tianxian Teng San (Aristolochia Vine Decoction).
He Song'an stated: During the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy, bilateral leg swelling occurs because the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian nourishes the fetus. The Spleen governs the four limbs. At this time, the fetus has descended, so swelling appears in the feet, resolving after delivery.
Qi Zhongfu stated: Pregnancy-related leg swelling is not comparable to general water qi disease. By the eighth or ninth month, if the calves and thighs are swollen, it should not be treated as a water disease, lest it damage the true qi. Those with this condition will likely deliver easily because the uterus contains abundant water and blood, preventing the fetus from drying out. However, if swelling occurs immediately upon conception, it indicates excessive water qi and an incompletely formed fetus, meaning the fetus will surely perish.
*Mingyi Lu* (Records of Famous Physicians) records: The Young Master of Song and Xu Wenbo went incognito to learn acupuncture. Xu Wenbo saw a pregnant woman whose feet were swollen and unable to walk. The Young Master palpated her pulse and said, "This is a female fetus." Xu Wenbo diagnosed, "This is a male fetus; if located on the left, the fetal color is black." The Young Master was angry and wanted to perform surgery to remove it. Xu Wenbo, feeling compassion, said, "Your subject requests to use needles." The fetus subsequently aborted, confirmed as male and black in color. This illustrates the theory regarding pregnancy-induced foot swelling.
*Ji Yin Gangmu* (Outline of Gynecology) commentary: *Zizhong* (Fetal Edema) is similar to *Ziqi*, but *Ziqi* affects the lower body, while *Zizhong* affects the head and face. As for *Ziman* (Fetal Fullness), it mostly occurs after the fifth or sixth month, differing from *Ziqi* and *Zizhong*. Generally, as the fetus grows large, abdominal fullness causes qi to float throughout the body, resulting in generalized edema.
Shen Zhai commentary: The above nine passages describe the syndrome of *Ziqi* and leg swelling before delivery. When pregnancy presents with generalized edema of the whole body, chest/abdomen/head/face, and four limbs, it is called *Ziman*. When only the lower legs swell, extending to the thighs and knees, it is called *Ziqi*. *Ziqi* is essentially *Zizhong*. All these conditions originate from Spleen deficiency and failure of middle qi to circulate, causing damp-heat from food and fluids to soak the muscles and overflow into the four limbs. These three discussions (referring to those following *Daquan*) address the root cause. In contrast, *Chanru Fang* (Childbirth and Lactation Formulas) and *Sanyin Fang* (Formulas of Three Causes) discuss external pathogens concurrently.