曰至，得无意乎？若男女之辨，又不以精血先后为拘，不以经尽几日为拘，不以夜半前
后交感为拘，不以父强母弱，母强父弱为拘，只以精血各由百脉之齐到者别胜负耳。是故
精之百脉齐到，有以胜乎血则成男矣，血之百脉齐到，有以胜乎精则成女矣。至有既孕
而小产者，有产而不育，有育而不寿者，有寿而黄耆无疆者，则亦精血之坚脆分为修短
耳。世人不察其精血之坚脆，已定于禀受之初，乃以小产专责之母，以不育专付之儿，以
寿夭专诿之数，不亦谬乎？
〔诊〕
妇人怀躯七月而不可知，时时衄血而转筋者，此为躯也。衄时嚏而动者，非躯也。
《素问》云∶妇人足少阴脉动甚者任子也。（《平人气象论》谓太溪脉也。全元起本作足少阴，王
冰本作手太阴，当从全本。王注云∶动脉者如豆厥厥动摇也。一说动甚谓动摇大甚也。）阴搏阳别，谓之
有子。（《阴阳别论》王注云∶阴谓尺中也，搏谓搏触于手也，尺脉搏击与寸脉殊别，则为有孕之兆。）
〔脉〕妊娠初时，寸微小，呼吸五至，三月而尺数也。脉滑疾，重以手按之散者，胎
已三月也。脉重手按之不散，但疾不滑者，五月也。（此即阴搏阳别之义，言尺脉滑数，寸脉微小，
而尺与寸脉别者，孕脉也）。尺脉左偏大为男，右偏大为女，左右俱大产二子，大者如实状。
（亦阴搏阳别之义，谓尺脉实大，与寸脉殊别，但分男左女右也，）妇人妊娠四月，欲知男女法，左疾
为男，右疾为女，俱疾为生二子。（王子亨云∶妊娠三部俱滑而疾，在左为男，在上为女。）遣妊娠人
面南行，还复呼之，左回首者是男，右回首者是女。看上圊时，夫从后急呼之，左回首者是男，
右回首者是女也。
娄全善云。按丹溪云男受胎在左子宫，女受胎在右子宫。斯言大契是说也。盖男胎在
左则左重，故回首时慎护重处而就左也。女胎在右则右重，故回首时慎护重处而就右也。
推之于脉，其义亦然，胎在左则血气护胎而盛于左，故脉亦从之，而左疾为男，左大为
男也。胎在右则血气护胎而盛于右，故脉亦从之而右疾为女，右大为女也。亦犹经云∶阴
搏阳别，谓之有子。言受胎处在脐腹之下，则血气护胎而盛于下，故阴之尺脉鼓搏有力，而
与阳之寸脉殊别也。又如痈疖发上，则血气从上而寸脉盛，发下则血气从下而尺脉盛，发
左则血气从左而左脉盛，发右则血气从右而右脉盛也。丹溪以左大顺男，右大顺女，为
医人之左右手，盖智者之一失也。
诊妇人有妊歌 肝为血兮肺为气，血为荣兮气为卫。阴阳配耦不参差，两脏通和皆
类例。血衰气旺定无孕，血王气衰应有体。（肝藏血为荣属阴，肺主气为卫属阳，阴阳配耦者，是夫
妇匹配，偶合构精乃有子也。若血少气盛，则无娠孕。若血盛气少，则有孕也，）寸微关滑尺
带数，流利往来并雀啄。小儿之脉已见形，数月怀耽犹未觉。（寸脉微，关脉滑，尺脉带数
及流利雀啄，皆是经脉闭塞不行成胎。以上之脉，皆是血多气少之脉，是怀小儿之脉已见形
状也。）左疾为男上为女，流利相通速来去。两手关脉大相应，已形亦在前通语。（左手脉疾
为怀男，右手脉疾为怀女，及两脉流行滑利相通，疾速来去，是或两手关部脉洪大相应，
是其胎已有形状也。）左手带纵两个儿，（纵者夫行乘妻，水行乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，名
曰纵。见在左手则怀两个男儿也。）右手带横一双女。（横者妻乘夫也，是火行乘水，木行乘金，即所
胜脉也。名曰横。见于右手则怀一双女子也。）左手脉逆生三男，（逆者子乘母也，是水行
乘金，火行乘木，即已生脉也，名曰逆。见于右手则怀三个男儿也。）右手脉顺还三女。（顺者母
乘子也，是金行乘水，木行乘火，即生已之脉也，名曰顺。见于右手则怀三个女儿也。）寸关尺
部皆相应，一男一女分形证。（寸关尺部脉大小迟疾相应者，是怀一男一女形证之脉也。谓关前为
阳，关后为阴，阴阳脉相应，故怀一男一女也。）有时子死母身存，或即母亡存子命。
（此二句之文，无辨子母存亡之法。）往来三部通流利，滑数相参皆替替。阳实阴虚脉得明，遍
满胸膛皆逆气。（若寸关尺三部通行流利，皆替替有力而滑数，皆是阳实阴虚之脉，主妊妇
逆气遍满胸膛而不顺也。）左手太阳浮大男，（左手寸口为太阳，其脉浮大，则是怀男之脉。）
右手太阴沉细女。（右手寸口为太阴，其脉沉细，是怀女脉也。）诸阳为男诸阴女，指下分明长记
取。（诸阳脉皆为男，即浮大疾数滑实之类是也。当怀男子。诸阴脉者即沉细之类
是也，当怀女子。）三部沉正等无绝，尺内不止真胎妇。（寸关尺三部脉沉浮正直齐等，举按
无绝断，及尺内举按不止住者，真的怀胎妇也。）夫乘妻兮纵气雾，（经云∶纵者夫乘妻也，水行
乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，纵气雾，雾露也，又上下也，谓夫之阳气乘妻之阴气，二气上
下相逐，如雾润结子也。）妻乘夫兮横气助。（横者妻乘夫也，见前注。谓两旁横气相佐助也。）子乘母
兮逆气参，（逆者子乘母也，谓子气犯母气相乘，逆行之气相参合也。）母乘子兮顺气护。（是母气乘
于子气，为顺气相护卫也。凡胎聚
纵横逆顺四气以荣养，方以成形也。）小儿日足胎成聚，身热脉乱无所苦。（妇人怀小儿五个月，是以
数足，胎成就而结聚也，必母身体壮热，当见脉躁乱，非病苦之证。谓五月胎已成，受火精以成气，故身热
脉乱是无病也。）汗出不食吐逆时，精神结备其中住。（谓妊娠受五行精气以成形，禀二经以荣其母，
怀妊至五月，其胎虽成，其气未备，故胎气未安，上冲心胸则汗出不食吐逆，名曰恶阻，俗呼选饭，唯思
酸辛之味，以调胎气也。）滑疾不散三月胎，（妊娠三月名始胎，此是未有定义，心胞脉养之，故脉见滑
疾流利，为少气多血，不散为血气盛，则始结为胎也。）但疾不散五月母。（其脉但疾数而不散者，是五个
月怀胎之母也。）弦紧牢强滑利安，沉细而微归泉路，（孕妇之脉宜弦紧牢强滑利，为安吉之脉。若
沉细而微，谓脉与形不相应，故云死也，前文虽云太阴沉细，又云诸阴为女，其说似有相违，谓三部脉皆
不沉细及微故不同也。）
〔验胎法〕
〔海〕神方验胎散 妇人三两个月，月经不行，疑是两身，却疑血滞心烦，寒热恍惚，此
药可验取之内也。外已有身，病无邪脉，以《素问》脉法推之，十得八九矣。
真雀脑芎（一两） 当归（全用，重一两者，只用七钱）
上为细末，分作两服，浓煎好艾汤一盏调下，或好酒调服亦得。可待三两个时辰间，
觉腹脐微动仍频，即有胎也，动罢即愈，安稳无虞。如不是胎，即不动，所滞恶物自行，
母亦安也。如服药不觉效，再煎红花汤调下，必有神效。
〔灵苑〕治妇人经脉住三个月验胎法。真川芎为细末，浓煎艾汤下一匕投，腹内渐动是有胎也。
探胎散 妇人胎气有无，疑惑之间，以此探之，有胎则吐，无则不吐。
皂角（去皮） 甘草（炙，各一钱） 黄连（半钱）
上为细末，作一服，温酒调服。
博陵医之神者曰郝翁，士人陈尧遵妻病，众医以为劳伤。郝曰∶亟屏药，是为娠证，且
贺君得男子。已而果然。又二妇人妊，一喑嘿不能言。郝曰∶儿胎大，经壅，儿生经行
则言矣，不可毒以药。一极壮健，郝诊其脉曰∶母气已死，所以生者，反恃儿气耳。如
期子生母死。（孕妇不语，非病也，闻如此者，不须服药，临产日但服保生丸、四物汤之类，
产后便语，亦自然之理，非药之力也。）
一妇暴渴，惟饮五味汁。名医耿隅诊其脉曰∶此血欲凝，非疾也。已而果孕，古方
有血欲凝而渴饮五味之证，不可不知也。
潘 诊虞部员外郎张咸之妻孕五岁，南陵尉富昌龄妻孕二岁，团练使刘彝孙外家孕十
有四月，皆未育。温叟视之曰∶疾也，凡医妄以为有孕尔。于是与破血攻毒大剂饮之。虞
部妻堕肉块百余，有眉目状。昌龄妻梦二童子色漆黑，仓卒怖悸疾走而去。孙外家堕大蛇，
犹蜿蜒未死。三妇皆无恙。
陈斗岩治叶南洲妻经闭五月，下白或赤，午后发热，咳嗽呕吐，医谓劳瘵。陈视曰∶两
尺脉皆实，此必有孕，外受风邪搏激故耳。饮清和之剂而安，半年生一子。
问：如何判断是否受孕？
至于男女性别的辨别，并不拘泥于精血结合的先后顺序，不拘泥于月经结束后几天同房，不拘泥于半夜前还是半夜后交感，也不拘泥于父亲体质强母亲弱或母亲强父亲弱的情况。只根据精和血各自通过百脉汇聚时，谁的力量占优势来区分胜负罢了。因此，如果百脉汇聚的精力量胜过血，就会怀男孩；如果百脉汇聚的血力量胜过精，就会怀女孩。至于有的怀孕后发生小产，有的生下来不能养活，有的养活但不能长寿，有的长寿且福泽无边，这也是因为禀受的精血有坚固与脆弱之分，从而决定了寿命的长短。世人不明察精血的坚固与脆弱在受孕之初就已注定，却把小产专门归咎于母亲，把不能养活专门推给婴儿，把寿夭专门推卸给命运，这难道不是荒谬的吗？
〔诊法〕
孕妇怀孕七个月时若无法察觉（无明显妊娠反应），时常流鼻血并伴有筋脉抽搐，这是胎气异常的表现。流鼻血时打喷嚏且身体震动的，不是妊娠。《素问》说：妇女足少阴肾经脉搏动明显的，是怀孕了。（《平人气象论》中指的是太溪穴处的脉象。全元起本写作足少阴，王冰本写作手太阴，应当以全元起本为准。王冰注释说：动脉是指像豆子一样厥厥跳动的脉象。另一种说法认为“动甚”是指跳动幅度非常大。）尺脉搏击有力而与寸脉不同，称为有孕。（《阴阳别论》王冰注解说：阴指尺部脉，搏指脉搏触于手下，尺脉搏击与寸脉明显不同，就是怀孕的征兆。）
〔脉诊〕
妊娠初期，寸口脉微小，呼吸五次脉跳一次（即脉率较快），到了三个月，尺脉变数（快）。脉象滑利疾速，重按手指下感觉散漫不聚的，是怀孕三个月了。脉象重按手指下不散漫，只是疾速而不滑利的，是怀孕五个月了。（这就是“阴搏阳别”的含义，意思是尺脉滑数，寸脉微小，而尺脉与寸脉有所区别，这就是孕脉）。尺脉左侧偏大为男，右侧偏大为女，左右都大则生双胞胎，脉象大而充实如真实存在之物。（这也是“阴搏阳别”的含义，指尺脉实大，与寸脉不同，只是区分男左女右）。妇女怀孕四个月，想知道胎儿性别的方法：左手脉疾为男，右手脉疾为女，两手都疾为生双胞胎。（王子亨说：妊娠三部脉都滑利疾速，在左侧为男，在上侧为女）。让孕妇面向南行走，回头呼唤她，向左回首的是男孩，向右回首的是女孩。看孕妇上厕所时，丈夫从后面急呼她，向左回首的是男孩，向右回首的是女孩。
娄全善说：按照朱丹溪的说法，男胎在左子宫受孕，女胎在右子宫受孕。这话非常契合上述理论。大概男胎在左边，所以左边沉重，因此回首时小心保护重处而倾向左边。女胎在右边，所以右边沉重，因此回首时小心保护重处而倾向右边。推导到脉象，道理也是一样的，胎在左边，血气护佑胎元而在左边旺盛，所以脉象也随它，左手疾为男，左手大为男。胎在右边，血气护佑胎元而在右边旺盛，所以脉象也随它，右手疾为女，右手大为女。这也如同经文所说：“阴搏阳别，谓之有子。”意思是受孕处在脐腹之下，血气护佑胎元而在下部旺盛，所以阴之尺脉鼓搏有力，而与阳之寸脉不同。又比如痈疖发在上方，血气就向上，寸脉就盛；发在下方，血气就向下，尺脉就盛；发在左边，血气就从左边，左脉就盛；发在右边，血气就从右边，右脉就盛。朱丹溪认为左大顺男，右大顺女，是指医生的左右手，这是智者的一个失误。
诊断妇人妊娠歌诀：肝主血兮肺主气，血为荣兮气为卫。阴阳配合无差错，两脏通和皆同类。血衰气旺定无孕，血旺气衰应有身。（肝藏血为荣属阴，肺主气为卫属阳，阴阳配合是指夫妻匹配，偶合构精才有子。如果血少气盛，就没有妊娠。如果血盛气少，就有妊娠。）寸微关滑尺带数，流利往来并雀啄。小儿之脉已见形，数月怀耽犹未觉。（寸脉微，关脉滑，尺脉带数及流利雀啄，都是经脉闭塞不行而成胎。以上的脉象，都是血多气少的脉象，是怀小儿的脉象已见形状。）左疾为男上为女，流利相通速来去。两手关脉大相应，已形亦在前通语。（左手脉疾为怀男，右手脉疾为怀女，以及两脉流行滑利相通，疾速来去，或是两手关部脉洪大相应，是其胎已有形状。）左手带纵两个儿，（纵者夫行乘妻，水行乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，名叫纵。见于左手则怀两个男儿也。）右手带横一双女。（横者妻乘夫也，是火行乘水，木行乘金，即所胜脉也。名叫横。见于右手则怀一双女子也。）左手脉逆生三男，（逆者子乘母也，是水行乘金，火行乘木，即已生脉也，名叫逆。见于右手则怀三个男儿也。）右手脉顺还三女。（顺者母乘子也，是金行乘水，木行乘火，即生已之脉也，名叫顺。见于右手则怀三个女儿也。）寸关尺部皆相应，一男一女分形证。（寸关尺部脉大小迟疾相应者，是怀一男一女形证的脉象。谓关前为阳，关后为阴，阴阳脉相应，故怀一男一女也。）有时子死母身存，或即母亡存子命。（这两句文字，没有分辨子母存亡的方法。）往来三部通流利，滑数相参皆替替。阳实阴虚脉得明，遍满胸膛皆逆气。（如果寸关尺三部通行流利，都替替有力而滑数，都是阳实阴虚的脉象，主妊妇逆气遍满胸膛而不顺也。）左手太阳浮大男，（左手寸口为太阳，其脉浮大，则是怀男之脉。）右手太阴沉细女。（右手寸口为太阴，是怀女脉也。）诸阳为男诸阴女，指下分明长记取。（诸阳脉皆为男，即浮大疾数滑实之类是也。当怀男子。诸阴脉者即沉细之类是也，当怀女子。）三部沉正等无绝，尺内不止真胎妇。（寸关尺三部脉沉浮正直齐等，举按无绝断，及尺内举按不止住者，真的怀胎妇也。）夫乘妻兮纵气雾，（经云：纵者夫乘妻也，水行乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，纵气雾，雾露也，又上下也，谓夫之阳气乘妻之阴气，二气上下相逐，如雾润结子也。）妻乘夫兮横气助。（横者妻乘夫也，见前注。谓两旁横气相佐助也。）子乘母兮逆气参，（逆者子乘母也，谓子气犯母气相乘，逆行之气相参合也。）母乘子兮顺气护。（是母气乘于子气，为顺气相护卫也。凡胎聚纵横逆顺四气以荣养，方以成形也。）小儿日足胎成聚，身热脉乱无所苦。（妇人怀小儿五个月，是以数足，胎成就而结聚也，必母身体壮热，当见脉躁乱，非病苦之证。谓五月胎已成，受火精以成气，故身热脉乱是无病也。）汗出不食吐逆时，精神结备其中住。（谓妊娠受五行精气以成形，禀二经以荣其母，怀妊至五月，其胎虽成，其气未备，故胎气未安，上冲心胸则汗出不食吐逆，名曰恶阻，俗呼选饭，唯思酸辛之味，以调胎气也。）滑疾不散三月胎，（妊娠三月名始胎，此是未有定义，心胞脉养之，故脉见滑疾流利，为少气多血，不散为血气盛，则始结为胎也。）但疾不散五月母。（其脉但疾数而不散者，是五个月怀胎之母也。）弦紧牢强滑利安，沉细而微归泉路，（孕妇之脉宜弦紧牢强滑利，为安吉之脉。若沉细而微，谓脉与形不相应，故云死也，前文虽云太阴沉细，又云诸阴为女，其说似有相违，谓三部脉皆不沉细及微故不同也。）
〔验胎法〕
〔海〕神方验胎散 妇女两三个月，月经不行，怀疑是怀孕，却又怀疑是血滞心烦，寒热恍惚，此药可以验证体内是否有胎。体外已有身孕，病无邪脉，用《素问》脉法推断，十得八九了。
真雀脑芎（一两） 当归（全用，重一两者，只用七钱）
以上研为细末，分作两服，浓煎好艾汤一盏调下，或用好酒调服也可以。可以等待两三个时辰之间，觉得腹脐微微频繁跳动，就是有胎了，跳动停止后就痊愈，安稳无忧。如果不是胎，就不动，停滞的恶物自行排出，母亲也平安。如果服药不觉有效，再煎红花汤调下，必有神效。
〔灵苑〕治妇人经脉停三个月验胎法。真川芎为细末，浓煎艾汤下一匕投，腹内渐渐动是有胎也。
探胎散 妇人胎气有无，疑惑之间，以此探之，有胎则吐，无则不吐。
皂角（去皮） 甘草（炙，各一钱） 黄连（半钱）
以上研为细末，作一服，温酒调服。
博陵医之神者曰郝翁，士人陈尧遵的妻子生病，众医生认为是劳伤。郝翁说：赶快停药，这是妊娠证，并且祝贺您得了儿子。后来果然如此。又有两个孕妇，一个失音不能说话。郝翁说：胎儿大了，经络壅塞，孩子生出来经络通畅就能说话了，不可用毒药治疗。还有一个极其壮健，郝翁诊其脉说：母亲气已死，所以能活下来的，反而依靠胎儿的气罢了。如期孩子生下母亲死亡。（孕妇不语，不是病，听到这样的话，不需要服药，临产日只服用保生丸、四物汤之类，产后便说话，也是自然之理，不是药物的力量。）
一个妇女突然口渴，只喝五味汁。名医耿隅诊其脉说：这是血欲凝，不是疾病。后来果然怀孕，古方有血欲凝而渴饮五味之证，不可不知。
潘温叟诊虞部员外郎张咸之妻怀孕五岁，南陵尉富昌龄妻怀孕二岁，团练使刘彝孙的外家怀孕十四个月，都没有生育。温叟查看说是疾病，凡是医生误以为有孕罢了。于是给予破血攻毒的大剂药物饮用。虞部妻子堕下肉块百余，有眉目形状。昌龄妻子梦见两个童子颜色漆黑，仓促惊恐疾走而去。孙外家堕下大蛇，还在蜿蜒未死。三位妇女都安然无恙。
陈斗岩治疗叶南洲妻子经闭五月，下白或赤，午后发热，咳嗽呕吐，医生认为是劳瘵。陈斗岩视诊说：两尺脉皆实，这一定有孕，外受风邪搏激所致。服用清和之剂而安，半年生一子。
Translation:
Q: How to determine if conception has occurred?
Regarding the differentiation of male and female fetuses, it is not constrained by the sequence of essence and blood union, nor by the number of days after menstruation ends when intercourse occurs, nor by whether it happens before or after midnight, nor by whether the father is strong and the mother weak, or vice versa. It solely depends on which one—essence or blood—gains superiority when both arrive simultaneously through the hundred vessels (Bai Mai). Therefore, if the essence arriving via the hundred vessels outweighs the blood, a male fetus is formed; if the blood outweighs the essence, a female fetus is formed. As for those who experience miscarriage after pregnancy, those whose children are born but do not survive, those who survive but do not live long, and those who live long with boundless blessings, this is also due to the firmness or fragility of the received essence and blood determining the length of life. People in the world fail to observe that the firmness or fragility of essence and blood is determined at the beginning of endowment, yet they blame mothers exclusively for miscarriage, attribute failure to raise children exclusively to the infants, and dismiss longevity or premature death exclusively to fate. Is this not absurd?
[Diagnosis]
If a pregnant woman at seven months shows no obvious signs of pregnancy, frequently suffers from epistaxis (nosebleed) accompanied by tendon spasms, this indicates abnormal fetal qi. If she sneezes and her body trembles during the nosebleed, it is not pregnancy. The *Su Wen* states: "When the pulse of the Foot Shaoyin kidney meridian in women moves vigorously, it indicates pregnancy." (*Ping Ren Qi Xiang Lun* refers to the pulse at Taixi acupoint. Quan Yuanqi's version writes Foot Shaoyin, while Wang Bing's version writes Hand Taiyin; the former should be followed. Wang Bing's commentary says: A moving pulse feels like a bean trembling vigorously. Another interpretation says "vigorous movement" refers to an extremely large amplitude of pulsation.) When the Yin pulse (Chi pulse) beats forcefully and differs distinctly from the Yang pulse (Cun pulse), it is called having a child. (Wang Bing's commentary on *Yin Yang Bie Lun* states: Yin refers to the Chi position, Bo refers to the pulse touching the fingers. If the Chi pulse beats differently from the Cun pulse, it is a sign of pregnancy.)
[Pulse Diagnosis]
At the beginning of pregnancy, the Cun pulse is minute, and the pulse rate is five beats per breath (rapid). By three months, the Chi pulse becomes rapid. If the pulse is slippery and rapid, and feels scattered when pressed heavily, it indicates a three-month pregnancy. If the pulse does not scatter under heavy pressure but is rapid without being slippery, it indicates a five-month pregnancy. (This embodies the meaning of "Yin Bo Yang Bie," meaning the Chi pulse is slippery and rapid, the Cun pulse is minute, and the distinction between Chi and Cun pulses characterizes the pregnancy pulse.) If the Chi pulse is larger on the left side, it is a male; if larger on the right, it is a female; if both sides are large, twins will be born. The pulse feels solid and substantial. (This also reflects "Yin Bo Yang Bie," meaning the Chi pulse is solid and large, distinct from the Cun pulse, distinguishing gender by left for male and right for female.) For women four months pregnant, to determine the gender: a rapid pulse on the left indicates a male, on the right a female, and rapid on both indicates twins. (Wang Ziheng says: If all three positions of the pregnancy pulse are slippery and rapid, left indicates male, upper indicates female.) Have the pregnant woman walk facing south, then call her back. If she turns her head to the left, it is a boy; to the right, a girl. When she is using the toilet, have her husband call her urgently from behind. Turning left indicates a boy; turning right indicates a girl.
Lou Quanshan said: According to Zhu Danxi, male fetuses conceive in the left uterus, and female fetuses in the right uterus. This statement aligns well with the above theory. Presumably, because the male fetus is on the left, the left side feels heavier, so when turning her head, she instinctively protects the heavier side and leans left. Because the female fetus is on the right, the right side feels heavier, so she leans right. Applying this to pulse diagnosis, the principle is the same. If the fetus is on the left, blood and qi protect the fetus and become abundant on the left, so the pulse follows suit: left rapid indicates male, left large indicates male. If the fetus is on the right, blood and qi protect the fetus and become abundant on the right, so the pulse follows: right rapid indicates female, right large indicates female. This is similar to the classic saying: "Yin Bo Yang Bie, Wei Zhi You Zi." It means the conception site is below the navel, where blood and qi protect the fetus and become abundant in the lower part, causing the Yin Chi pulse to beat vigorously and differ from the Yang Cun pulse. Similarly, if an abscess occurs above, blood and qi rise, and the Cun pulse becomes strong; if below, blood and qi descend, and the Chi pulse becomes strong; if on the left, blood and qi flow left, and the left pulse becomes strong; if on the right, blood and qi flow right, and the right pulse becomes strong. Zhu Danxi believed that left large favors males and right large favors females, referring to the doctor's left and right hands, which was a mistake by a wise man.
Song for Diagnosing Pregnancy in Women:
The Liver governs Blood, the Lung governs Qi.
Blood forms Ying (Nutritive), Qi forms Wei (Defensive).
Yin and Yang match without discrepancy;
The two organs harmonize, following the same pattern.
If Blood is deficient and Qi is vigorous, pregnancy is impossible;
If Blood is vigorous and Qi is deficient, pregnancy will occur.
(The Liver stores Blood as Ying, belonging to Yin; the Lung governs Qi as Wei, belonging to Yang. Yin-Yang matching refers to the union of husband and wife, combining essence to conceive. If Blood is scant and Qi is excessive, there is no pregnancy. If Blood is abundant and Qi is scarce, there is pregnancy.)
The Cun pulse is minute, Guan is slippery, Chi carries rapidity;
Flowing smoothly, coming and going like a sparrow pecking.
The infant's pulse already shows its form,
Yet for several months of gestation, it remains unnoticed.
(Cun minute, Guan slippery, Chi rapid and flowing/sparrow-pecking indicate closed meridians forming the fetus. These pulses reflect abundant Blood and scarce Qi, showing the form of a pregnancy.)
Left rapid indicates male, upper indicates female;
Flowing and connected, coming and going swiftly.
If both hands' Guan pulses are large and corresponding,
The form is already present, as previously discussed.
Left pulse with "Zong" (Vertical) indicates two sons;
(Zong means Husband conquers Wife, Water conquers Fire, Metal conquers Wood, i.e., Ghost-Thief Pulse. Named Zong. Seen on the left, it indicates two male children.)
Right pulse with "Heng" (Horizontal) indicates two daughters.
(Heng means Wife conquers Husband, Fire conquers Water, Wood conquers Metal, i.e., Overcoming Pulse. Named Heng. Seen on the right, it indicates two female children.)
Left pulse with "Ni" (Reverse) generates three sons;
(Ni means Child conquers Mother, Water conquers Metal, Fire conquers Wood, i.e., Already-Generated Pulse. Named Ni. Seen on the right [Note: Text says Right here but context implies Left for sons, likely a textual variation or error in source, but translating literally], it indicates three male children.)
Right pulse with "Shun" (Smooth) returns three daughters.
(Shun means Mother conquers Child, Metal conquers Water, Wood conquers Fire, i.e., Generated-Already Pulse. Named Shun. Seen on the right, it indicates three female children.)
If Cun, Guan, and Chi positions all correspond,
One son and one daughter show their distinct forms.
(Pulses of Cun, Guan, Chi corresponding in size, slowness/rapidity indicate one son and one daughter. Guan front is Yang, rear is Yin; Yin-Yang correspondence yields one son and one daughter.)
Sometimes the child dies while the mother survives,
Or the mother perishes while the child lives.
(These two lines lack a method to distinguish survival of child vs. mother.)
Coming and going, all three positions flow smoothly;
Slippery and rapid intermixed, all robust and steady.
Yang Excess and Yin Deficiency make the pulse clear;
Full chest filled with rebellious Qi.
(If Cun, Guan, Chi all flow smoothly, robust, slippery, and rapid, it indicates Yang Excess and Yin Deficiency, leading to rebellious Qi filling the chest in pregnant women.)
Left hand Taiyang floating and large indicates male;
(Left Cun is Taiyang; floating and large pulse indicates male pregnancy.)
Right hand Taiyin deep and fine indicates female.
(Right Cun is Taiyin; deep and fine pulse indicates female pregnancy.)
All Yang pulses indicate male, all Yin pulses indicate female;
Keep this clear under your fingers always.
(All Yang pulses, such as floating, large, rapid, slippery, excess, indicate males. All Yin pulses, such as deep and fine, indicate females.)
If Cun, Guan, Chi are deep, upright, equal, and unbroken,
And Chi pulse continues upon lifting and pressing, it is a true pregnant woman.
(Husband conquering Wife creates Zong Qi mist;
(Mist/Fog implies upward/downward movement. Husband's Yang Qi conquers Wife's Yin Qi, chasing each other up and down like mist nourishing the seed.)
Wife conquering Husband creates Heng Qi assistance.
(Heng means Wife conquers Husband, assisted by lateral Qi.)
Child conquering Mother creates Ni Qi participation;
(Child's Qi invades Mother's Qi, reverse-flowing Qi participates.)
Mother conquering Child creates Shun Qi protection.
(Mother's Qi conquers Child's Qi, smooth Qi protects. All fetuses gather Zong, Heng, Ni, Shun four Qi to nourish and form.)
When the infant's days are full, the fetus gathers and forms;
Body heat and chaotic pulse bring no distress.
(Five months of gestation complete, the fetus forms and gathers. The mother may have high fever and chaotic pulse, which is not a pathological distress. At five months, the fetus is formed, receiving Fire Essence to create Qi, so body heat and chaotic pulse are normal.)
Sweating, loss of appetite, vomiting and reflux occur;
Spirit and essence gather and reside within.
(Gestation receives Five Elements' essence to form shape, relying on two meridians to nourish the mother. At five months, though the fetus forms, its Qi is not yet complete, so fetal Qi is unstable, rushing up to the heart/chest causing sweating, anorexia, and vomiting, named E Zu (Morning Sickness), commonly called Xuan Fan, craving sour/spicy flavors to regulate fetal Qi.)
Slippery and rapid without scattering indicates three-month fetus;
(Slippery/rapid flowing indicates little Qi and much Blood; non-scattering indicates abundant Qi and Blood, starting the formation of the fetus.)
Only rapid without scattering indicates five-month mother.
(Pulse only rapid and numerous without scattering indicates a five-month pregnant mother.)
String-tight, firm-strong, slippery-smooth indicates peace;
Deep-fine and minute leads to the springs of death.
(Pregnant women's pulses should be string-tight, firm, strong, slippery, and smooth, indicating auspiciousness. If deep, fine, and minute, the pulse does not match the condition, indicating death. Although earlier texts mention Taiyin deep/fine and all Yin for females, this refers to the entire three-position pulse not being deep/fine/minute, hence different.)
[Methods to Verify Pregnancy]
[Hai] Divine Formula Yan Tai San:
For women two to three months past menstruation, with amenorrhea, suspecting pregnancy but confused by blood stasis, irritability, alternating chills and fever, this medicine can verify internal pregnancy. External signs of pregnancy combined with absence of pathogenic pulses, deduced by *Su Wen* pulse methods, yield 80-90% accuracy.
Zhen Que Nao Xiong (True Sparrow Brain Xiongqiong / Ligusticum Chuanxiong) (1 liang)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis, whole root, weighing 1 liang, use only 7 qian)
Grind into fine powder, divide into two doses. Take with a cup of thickly decocted good Ai Ye (Mugwort) soup, or mixed with good wine. After two to three shichen (4-6 hours), if slight frequent movements are felt in the abdomen and umbilicus, pregnancy is confirmed. Movements cease and health is restored, safe and secure. If not pregnant, there will be no movement, and stagnant evil matter will pass naturally, leaving the mother safe. If no effect is felt, take again with Hong Hua (Carthamus tinctorius) soup decoction; miraculous effects will surely appear.
[Ling Yuan] Method to verify pregnancy after three months of amenorrhea:
Use Zhen Chuan Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome) ground into fine powder. Take one bi (measure) with thick Ai Ye soup. Gradual movement in the abdomen indicates pregnancy.
Tan Tai San (Probe Fetus Powder):
To resolve doubts about the presence of fetal Qi, use this to probe. If pregnant, vomiting occurs; if not, no vomiting.
Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit, peeled)
Gan Cao (Licorice Root, roasted), each 1 qian
Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), 0.5 qian
Grind into fine powder, take as one dose, mixed with warm wine.
Hao Weng, a divine physician from Boling, treated the wife of scholar Chen Yaozun, who was ill. Other doctors attributed it to labor injury. Hao said: Stop medication immediately; this is a pregnancy syndrome. I congratulate you on having a son. It proved true.
Two other pregnant women presented; one lost her voice and could not speak. Hao said: The fetus is large, blocking the meridians. She will speak once the child is born and meridians open. Do not poison her with medicine.
Another extremely robust woman: Hao diagnosed her pulse and said: The mother's Qi is dead; she survives only by relying on the fetal Qi. The child will be born on schedule, and the mother will die.
(A pregnant woman losing her voice is not a disease. Upon hearing this, no medication is needed. On the day of delivery, take Bao Sheng Wan or Si Wu Tang. Speech returns naturally after birth; this is natural law, not the power of medicine.)
A woman suffered sudden thirst, drinking only Wu Wei Zhi (Five Flavor Juice). Famous doctor Geng Yu diagnosed her pulse: "Blood is about to coagulate; this is not a disease." She subsequently became pregnant. Ancient formulas mention symptoms of thirst from drinking five-flavor juice due to blood about to coagulate; this must be known.
Pan Wensou diagnosed the wife of Yu Bu Yuan Wai Lang Zhang Xian, pregnant for five years without childbirth; Fu Changling, Vice Magistrate of Nanling, pregnant for two years without childbirth; Liu Yisun, Military Commissioner, pregnant for fourteen months without childbirth. Wensou examined them and said: These are diseases; ordinary doctors mistakenly assumed pregnancy. He administered large doses of blood-breaking and toxin-attacking medicines.
The Yu Bu wife expelled over a hundred flesh lumps resembling eyebrows and eyes.
Changling wife dreamed of two pitch-black boys who fled in terror.
Liu's relative expelled a large snake, still wriggling and alive.
All three women recovered safely.
Chen Douyan treated the wife of Ye Nanzhou, who had amenorrhea for five months, discharged white or red fluid, had afternoon fever, cough, and vomiting. Doctors diagnosed it as Lao Zhai (Consumption/Tuberculosis). Chen examined and said: Both Chi pulses are solid; this must be pregnancy, complicated by external wind pathogen agitation. He prescribed a Qing He (Clearing and Harmonizing) formula, and she stabilized. Half a year later, she gave birth to a son.