天隐子曰∶吾谓安处者,非华堂邃宇,重 广榻之谓也,在乎南面而坐,东首而寝,阴阳适中,
明暗相半。屋无高,高则阳盛而明多;屋无卑,卑则阴盛而暗多。故明多则伤魄,暗多则伤魂,人
之魂阳而魄阴。苟伤明暗,则疾病生焉。此所谓居处之室,尚使之然。况天地之气,有亢阳之攻肌
,淫阴之侵体,岂可不防慎哉。修身之士,倘不法此,非安处之道。曰∶吾所居室,四边皆窗户,遇
风即合,风息即开;吾所居室,前帘后屏,太明即下帘,以和其内映,太暗则卷帘,以通其外耀。
内以安心,外以安目,心目俱安,则身安矣。明暗且然,况太多思虑,太多情欲,岂能安其内外哉。
《保生要录》曰∶人之家室,土浓水深,居之不疾。凡人居处,随其方所,皆欲土浓水深。土欲
坚润而黄,水欲甘美而清。常坐之处,令其四面周密,勿令小有细隙,致风得入,
人不易知,其伤人最重,初时不觉,久能中人。夫风者,天地之气也,能生成万物,亦能损人,有正
有邪故耳。初入腠理,渐至肌肤,内传经脉,达脏腑,传变既深,为患不小。故《素问》云∶夫上古
圣人之教下民也,皆谓之虚邪贼风,避之有时。又《养生书》云∶避风如避箭。若盛暑所居,两头通
屋,弄堂夹道,风回凉爽,其为害尤甚,养生者当慎之。
天隐子说:我认为所谓的“安处”,并不是指华丽的厅堂、深邃的屋宇或层层叠叠的宽大床榻,而在于坐时面向南方,睡时头朝东方,使阴阳之气适中,明暗程度各半。房屋不要太高,高了则阳气过盛而光明过多;房屋不要太低,低了则阴气过盛而昏暗过多。因此,光明过多会损伤魄(中医认为魄属阴,与肺相关),昏暗过多会损伤魂(中医认为魂属阳,与肝相关)。人的魂属阳,魄属阴。如果明暗失调,疾病就会由此产生。这就是所说的居住环境的居室尚且能导致这种情况,何况天地之间的气候,有亢盛的阳气攻击肌肤,淫溢的阴气侵蚀身体,怎么可以不防备谨慎呢?修身养性的人,如果不效法这种原则,就不是安处的道理。
又说:我所居住的屋子,四面都有窗户,遇到风就关闭,风停了就打开;我所居住的屋子,前面挂帘子后面设屏风,光线太亮就放下帘子,以调和室内的光影,光线太暗就卷起帘子,以引入室外的光亮。对内用来安定心神,对外用来安定双目,心和目都安宁了,身体也就安宁了。明暗调节尚且如此重要,更何况过多的思虑和过多的情欲,又怎么能使身心内外安宁呢?
《保生要录》说:人家的住宅,土壤深厚、水源充足,居住在这里就不会生病。凡是人们居住的地方,无论位于哪个方位,都希望土壤深厚、水源充足。土壤应当坚实湿润且呈黄色,水应当甘甜美好且清澈。经常坐卧的地方,要让四周严密周全,不要让有小缝隙,致使风邪得以侵入。人不容易察觉,但风邪伤人最重,起初不觉察,时间久了就会侵害人体。风,是天地之气,它能生成万物,也能损害人,这是因为风有正风与邪风之分。风初入腠理(皮肤纹理及汗孔),逐渐深入肌肤,向内传入经脉,到达脏腑,传变既已深入,造成的祸患就不小了。所以《素问》说:上古圣人教导百姓,都说虚邪贼风(乘虚而入的致病风气)要按时避开。另外《养生书》说:避风就像避箭一样。如果在盛夏所居之处,两头通透的房屋,弄堂夹道,风吹回凉爽,其危害尤其严重,养生的人应当谨慎对待。
Tian Yinzi said: I consider that "proper dwelling" does not refer to magnificent halls, deep houses, or layered broad beds. Rather, it lies in sitting facing south and sleeping with the head towards the east, ensuring a balance of Yin and Yang, and a harmony of light and darkness. Houses should not be too high; if high, Yang Qi will be excessive and brightness will be too much. Houses should not be too low; if low, Yin Qi will be excessive and darkness will be too much. Therefore, excessive brightness damages Po (the corporeal soul associated with Metal/Lungs), and excessive darkness Hun (the ethereal soul associated with Wood/Liver). The Hun is Yang, and the Po is Yin. If light and dark are imbalanced, diseases will arise. This is why even the room of one's residence can cause such effects. How much more so the Qi of Heaven and Earth, which includes hyperactive Yang attacking the skin and muscles, and excessive Yin invading the body? One must certainly guard against this carefully. Those who cultivate their bodies, if they do not follow these principles, are not practicing the way of proper dwelling.
He further said: In my residence, there are windows on all four sides. They are closed when wind blows and opened when the wind ceases. In my residence, there are curtains in front and screens at the back. When the light is too bright, I lower the curtains to harmonize the internal reflection; when it is too dark, I roll up the curtains to let in external brightness. Internally, this calms the mind; externally, it calms the eyes. When both mind and eyes are calm, the body is safe. Even the regulation of light and dark is thus important; how much more so excessive thinking and excessive desires, which cannot possibly bring peace to the interior and exterior?
The *Bao Sheng Yao Lu* states: In human dwellings, if the soil is thick and the water source is abundant, residing there prevents disease. Wherever people reside, regardless of direction, they should seek thick soil and abundant water. The soil should be firm, moist, and yellow; the water should be sweet, beautiful, and clear. The place where one frequently sits should be surrounded by tight structures without any small gaps, preventing wind from entering. People often fail to notice this, but wind causes the most severe injury. Initially, there is no sensation, but over time, it penetrates the person. Wind is the Qi of Heaven and Earth; it generates all things but can also harm humans, because there are correct winds and evil winds. Initially, wind enters the Couli (interstices of the skin and hair follicles), gradually reaching the skin and muscles, then transmitting internally through the Jingluo (meridians) to reach the Zang-Fu organs. Once the transmission is deep, the harm is significant. Thus, the *Su Wen* states: The sages of antiquity taught the common people to avoid Xu Xie Zei Feng (deficiency evils and thief winds) at appropriate times. Furthermore, the *Yang Sheng Shu* states: Avoid wind as one would avoid arrows. If one resides in a house open at both ends during the height of summer, or in narrow alleys where wind swirls and feels cool, the harm is particularly severe. Those who practice health preservation must be cautious.