《巢氏病源》小儿伤寒热渴候∶伤寒是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，故头痛、
体疼而壮热。其渴者，是热入脏，脏得热则津液竭燥，故令渴也。
《活人书》论伤寒小儿、大人治法∶一般但小分剂，药性差凉耳。问∶渴者，何也？脉浮而渴属太阳，（伤寒表不
解，心下有水气而渴者，小青龙去半夏加栝蒌汤。太阳病，服桂枝，大汗出后，大烦渴者，白虎加人参。脉浮，小便不
利，微热消渴者，五苓散。伤寒四、五日，身热恶风，胁下满，手足温而渴者，小柴胡去半夏加人参栝蒌根主之。太阳
证，身体灼热而渴者，为风温，栝蒌根汤主之。）有汗而渴属阳明（白虎加人参汤主之。虚人、老人及春秋月，可与竹
叶石膏汤。阳明病，但头汗出，小便不利，渴引水浆，身必发黄，宜茵陈汤，小柴胡去半夏加人参栝蒌汤主之。）伤风寒
热，或发热恶风而渴，属少阳，（少阳胁下硬，不大便而呕，舌上白苔而渴，小柴胡去半夏、加人参栝蒌根汤。）自利而
渴属少阴。（伤寒热于脏，流于少阴主肾，肾恶燥，故渴而引饮。少阴下利，咳而呕渴，猪苓汤主之。下利欲饮水者，
以有热也，白头翁汤主之。）切戒太阳证，无汗而渴者，不可与白虎汤。（仲景云∶渴欲饮水，无表证者，白虎加人参汤。
脉浮，发热无汗，是表未解也，不可与白虎汤，意以小青龙、小柴胡汤也。仲景云∶伤寒表不解，心下有水气，咳而或
渴，小青龙去半夏加栝蒌也。伤寒四、五日，身热恶风，胁下满，手足温而渴者，小柴胡去半夏，加人参栝蒌也。）阳
明证汗多而渴者，不可与五苓散。（汗多胃中燥，猪苓复利其小便故也。意以竹叶汤与之。仲景云∶阳明病发作有时，
汗出多者，急须下之。）然太阳病渴，终不可与白虎耶？太阳证得汗后，脉洪大而渴者，方可与之也。阳明病渴，终不
可与五苓耶？阳明证小便不利，汗少脉浮而渴者，方可与之，此皆仲景之妙法也。（仲景猪苓汤证亦云∶脉浮发热，渴
欲饮水，小便不利者，猪苓汤主之。）凡病非大渴不可与水。苦小渴、咽干者，小小呷滋润之，令胃中和。若大渴烦躁
甚，能饮一斗者，与五升饮之。若全不与则干燥，无由作汗，发汗而死。常人见因渴饮水得汗，小渴遂剧，饮之致停饮
心下满结、喘死者甚众。当以五苓散或陷胸丸与之。（《金匮要略》云∶得时气至五、六日，而渴欲饮水、不能多，不当
与也。何者？以腹中热尚少，不能消之，便更为人作病矣。至七八日，大渴欲饮水，犹当根据证与之。常令不足，勿极意
也。凡人但见仲景云∶得病反能饮水，此为欲愈。遂小渴者，乃强饮之，因或其祸，不可胜数。大抵伤寒水气，皆因饮
水过多所致。水停心下，气上乘心，则为悸为喘。结于胸胁，则为水结胸。胃中虚胃冷，则为呕为哕。冷气相搏，则为
噎。上逼于肺，则为咳。渍入肠中；则为痢。邪热所搏，蓄于下焦，则为小便不利，小腹满或里急。溢于皮肤，则为肿。）
若阳毒倍，常躁盛大渴者，黑奴丸主之。中暑伏热深，累取不瘥，其人发渴不已，酒蒸黄连丸主之。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒，头痛壮热，烦渴。大青散方
大青 知母 柴胡（去苗） 葛根（锉） 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 川升麻 黄芩 赤芍药 栀子仁（各半两） 石
膏（一两） 川芒硝（一分）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓，不计时候温服。量儿大小以意增减。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒，四肢烦热，心躁口干，多渴。葛根散方
葛根（锉） 麻黄（去根节） 人参（去芦头。各半两） 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 桂心（各一分）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，入生姜少许，枣子一枚，煎五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿
大小增减，温服。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒，壮热头痛，口干烦渴。宜服柴胡散方
柴胡（去苗） 麻黄（去根节。各半两） 赤芍药 黄芩 葛根（锉） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各一分） 石膏（一
两）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，入生姜少许，葱白三寸，豉二十粒，煎至五分，去滓。不
计时温服，以汗为效。量儿大小以意增减。（丁时发传柴胡散，有前胡半两。）
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒热渴，而下后觉烦闷。宜服甘草散方
甘草（炙微赤，锉） 牡蛎（粉） 黄芩 赤芍药（各半两）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至四分，去滓，取鸡子清一枚，投入散中熟，搅掠去沫，
徐徐温服。量儿大小以意加减。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒，头热足冷，口干多渴，宜服人参散方
人参（去芦头） 黄 麻黄（去根节） 赤茯苓（各半两） 蜣螂（二枚，去翅足，微炒）
上件药，捣粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，入生姜少许，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候温服，量儿大小，
以意加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒热渴，头痛心烦。宜服栝蒌根散方
栝蒌根（半两） 苦参（锉） 人参（去芦头。各一分，《婴孺》各用三分） 甘草（炙微赤，锉，一分。《婴孺》
用三分） 寒水石 石膏（各半两。《婴孺》各用一两二钱半）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿大小加减，温服。《婴孺
方》以米饮调下。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒烦热，大渴不止。宜服土瓜根散方
土瓜根 麦门冬（去心，焙） 柴胡（去苗。各半两） 葛根 枇杷叶（拭去毛，炙微黄） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。
各一分）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候温服。量儿大小以意增减。
《圣惠》治小儿伤寒大汗后，及以下，自烦渴不解，其脉大洪。宜服石膏散方
石膏（一两） 知母 地骨皮 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 人参（去芦头。各半两）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，内入粳米一百粒同煎，去滓。不计时候温服。
量儿大小加减服之。
《婴孺》治小儿伤寒热渴散方
栝蒌（三分） 白石脂（二分）
上为末，水服一刀圭。
张涣葛根汤方 治小儿伤寒，体热烦渴。
葛根 人参（去芦头。各一两） 麦门冬（去心） 甘草（炙） 白茯苓 泽泻（各半两）
上件为细末。每服一钱，以水八分一盏，生姜二片，薄荷三叶，煎至六分，去滓，放温服。
《婴童宝鉴》治小儿伤寒，身热头痛，渴躁。红绵散
麻黄（一两，去根节） 天麻（末） 蝎（末） 甘草（炙，末） 人参（末） 朱砂（末。各一分）
上件为末。每服一字、半钱，水一小盏，红绵一方寸许，同煎至半盏，热服。
《活人书》仲景小青龙去半夏加栝蒌汤，方见伤寒咳嗽门中。
《活人书》仲景白虎加人参汤
石膏（四两） 知母（一两半） 甘草（半两，炙） 粳米（一合半） 人参（三分）
上锉如麻豆大。每服抄五钱匕，水一盏半，煮至八分，取米熟为度，去滓温服。
《活人书》仲景五苓散，方见伤寒自汗门中。
《活人书》仲景小柴胡去半夏加人参栝蒌汤，方见伤寒头汗出门中。
《活人书》仲景栝蒌根汤
栝蒌根（三分） 葛根（一两半，生用。若干者只用三分） 石膏（二两） 人参 防风 甘草（炙。各半两）
上锉如麻豆大。每服五钱，用水一盏半，煎至一中盏，去滓服。
《活人书》仲景竹叶石膏汤，方见伤寒鼻衄门中。
《活人书》仲景茵陈汤，方见伤寒头汗出门中。
《活人书》仲景猪苓汤，方见咳嗽门中(伤寒咳嗽门)。
《活人书》仲景白头翁汤
白头翁（一两） 黄柏 秦皮 黄连（各一两半）
上锉如麻豆大。分五服，以水二大盏，煮至八分，去滓温服。不瘥更服。
《活人书》仲景小青龙汤，方见伤寒咳嗽门中。
《活人书》仲景小柴胡汤，方见伤寒头汗出门中。
《活人书》仲景竹叶汤，方见伤寒鼻衄门中。
《活人书》仲景大陷胸丸
大黄（二两） 苦葶苈子（熬） 芒硝 杏仁（去皮尖，熬黑，各三分）
上捣罗二味，内杏仁、芒硝合研如脂，丸如弹子大。每服一丸，抄甘遂末一字匕，白蜜一合，水二盏，煮
取一盏，顿服，一宿乃下。如不止再服。（甘遂性猛，宜斟量虚实服之。）
《活人书》仲景黑奴丸
麻黄（去节，炮一二沸，焙干，秤三两） 大黄（二两） 釜底煤（研入） 黄芩 芒硝 灶突黑（研入） 梁上
尘小麦奴（各一两）
上件捣罗为细末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。以新汲水研下一丸。渴者，但与冷水尽足饮之，须臾当寒，寒竟汗出
便瘥。若日移五尺不汗，根据前法服一丸，瘥即止，须微利。小麦奴乃小麦末熟时，丛中不成麦，捻之成黑
勃是也。无此亦得。此药须是病患大渴倍常，躁盛渴者乃可与之。不渴若与之，翻为祸耳。
《活人书》仲景酒蒸黄连丸
黄连（四两，以无灰酒浸面上约一寸，以重汤熬干）
上捣罗为细末，糊为丸。熟水下三十丸，胸膈凉不渴为验。
长沙《胡氏家传》治小儿诸热，伤寒，热渴，热泻。红绵散
麻黄 人参 甘草 蝎（通明全者。各半两） 天麻（二分酒浸，切、焙） 天南星（大者，炮裂、去皮脐，取一
钱）
上为末。每服二钱，水一盏，枣子一枚，红绵少许，煎至七分。分两服，小者作四服，时时与服。
《巢氏病源》中关于小儿伤寒热渴的论述：伤寒是由于寒气侵袭皮肤，与血气相搏，导致腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）闭塞，气机无法宣泄，郁积而生热，因此出现头痛、身体疼痛和高烧。如果伴有口渴，是因为热邪深入脏腑，脏腑受热则津液枯竭干燥，所以产生口渴。
《活人书》论述了小儿和成人治疗伤寒的方法：大体上只是剂量较小，药性稍微偏凉罢了。问：为什么会口渴？脉象浮且口渴属于太阳病（太阳经受邪所致的病证），（若伤寒表证未解，心下有水饮而口渴者，用小青龙汤去掉半夏，加入栝蒌根；太阳病服用桂枝汤后，大汗出，出现严重烦躁和口渴者，用白虎加人参汤；脉浮，小便不利，微热且消渴者，用五苓散；伤寒四五天，身热恶风，胁下胀满，手足温暖且口渴者，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加入人参和栝蒌根主治；太阳证，身体灼热且口渴者，为风温，用栝蒌根汤主治。）有汗且口渴属于阳明病（阳明经受邪所致的病证），（用白虎加人参汤主治。体质虚弱者、老人以及春秋季节，可给予竹叶石膏汤。阳明病，仅头部出汗，小便不利，口渴想喝水浆，身体必然发黄，宜用茵陈汤，或小柴胡汤去掉半夏加入人参和栝蒌根主治。）伤风寒热，或发热恶风且口渴，属于少阳病（少阳经受邪所致的病证），（少阳病胁下硬满，不大便且呕吐，舌上有白苔且口渴，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏、加入人参和栝蒌根汤。）自发性腹泻且口渴属于少阴病（少阴经受邪所致的病证），（伤寒热邪在脏腑，流注于属肾的少阴经，肾厌恶燥，所以口渴想饮水。少阴病下利，咳嗽且呕吐口渴，用猪苓汤主治。下利想喝水的，是因为有热，用白头翁汤主治。）切记太阳证，无汗且口渴者，不可给予白虎汤。（张仲景说：口渴想喝水，没有表证的，用白虎加人参汤。脉浮，发热无汗，是表证未解，不可用白虎汤，意旨在于使用小青龙汤或小柴胡汤。张仲景说：伤寒表不解，心下有水气，咳嗽或口渴，用小青龙汤去掉半夏加入栝蒌根。伤寒四五天，身热恶风，胁下满，手足温且口渴者，用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加入人参和栝蒌根。）阳明证汗多且口渴者，不可给予五苓散。（汗多导致胃中干燥，猪苓汤会进一步利小便，故不宜用。意旨在于给予竹叶汤。张仲景说：阳明病发作有时，汗出多的，急需攻下。）然而太阳病口渴，终究不能用白虎汤吗？太阳证得汗后，脉象洪大且口渴的，才可以给予白虎汤。阳明病口渴，终究不能用五苓散吗？阳明证小便不利，汗少脉浮且口渴的，才可以给予五苓散，这都是张仲景的妙法。（张仲景猪苓汤证也说：脉浮发热，口渴想饮水，小便不利的，用猪苓汤主治。）凡是生病，不是极度口渴不可给水。轻微口渴、咽干的，少量多次喂服滋润之品，使胃气调和。如果极度口渴烦躁严重，能喝下一斗水的，给其饮用五升水。如果完全不给水，则体内干燥，无法作汗，会导致因发汗而死。常人看到因口渴饮水而得汗，轻微口渴反而加重，饮水导致停饮在心下满结、喘息死亡的案例很多。应当用五苓散或陷胸丸给予治疗。（《金匮要略》说：患时气病到五六天，口渴想喝水但不能多喝，不应给予。为什么？因为腹中热尚少，不能消化它，反而会因此致病。到了七八天，极度口渴想喝水，仍应根据证候给予。常令其水量不足，不要刻意让其喝足。凡人只见张仲景说：患病反而能饮水，这是欲愈的迹象。于是轻微口渴时，强行给水，因而造成祸害，数不胜数。大抵伤寒水气，都是因饮水过多所致。水停在心下，气上乘于心，则为心悸气喘。结于胸胁，则为水结胸。胃中虚冷，则为呕吐呃逆。冷气相搏，则为噎膈。上逼于肺，则为咳嗽。渗入肠中，则为痢疾。邪热相搏，蓄积于下焦，则为小便不利，小腹满或里急。溢于皮肤，则为水肿。）若阳毒炽盛，经常躁动盛大口渴者，用黑奴丸主治。中暑伏热深重，屡次取效不愈，其人发渴不止，用酒蒸黄连丸主治。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒，头痛高烧，烦渴的大青散方：
大青、知母、柴胡（去苗）、葛根（锉碎）、甘草（炙至微红，锉碎）、川升麻、黄芩、赤芍药、栀子仁（各半两）、石膏（一两）、川芒硝（一分）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣，不限时候温服。根据患儿大小酌情增减。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒，四肢烦热，心中烦躁口干，多渴的葛根散方：
葛根（锉碎）、麻黄（去根节）、人参（去芦头，各半两）、甘草（炙至微红，锉碎）、桂心（各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，加入少许生姜，一枚枣子，煎至五分，去渣。不限时候，根据患儿大小增减，温服。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒，高烧头痛，口干烦渴的柴胡散方：
柴胡（去苗）、麻黄（去根节，各半两）、赤芍药、黄芩、葛根（锉碎）、甘草（炙至微红，锉碎，各一分）、石膏（一两）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，加入少许生姜，三寸葱白，二十粒豆豉，煎至五分，去渣。不限时候温服，以出汗为有效。根据患儿大小酌情增减。（丁时发传的柴胡散，含有前胡半两。）
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒热渴，泻下后感觉烦闷的甘草散方：
甘草（炙至微红，锉碎）、牡蛎（研粉）、黄芩、赤芍药（各半两）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至四分，去渣，取一个鸡蛋清，投入散中煮熟，搅拌去除泡沫，慢慢温服。根据患儿大小酌情加减。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒，头热脚冷，口干多渴的人参散方：
人参（去芦头）、黄芪、麻黄（去根节）、赤茯苓（各半两）、蜣螂（二枚，去翅足，微炒）。
以上药物，捣碎粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，加入少许生姜，煎至五分，去渣。不限时候温服，根据患儿大小，酌情加减服用。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒热渴，头痛心烦的栝蒌根散方：
栝蒌根（半两）、苦参（锉碎）、人参（去芦头，各一分，《婴孺方》各用三分）、甘草（炙至微红，锉碎，一分。《婴孺方》用三分）、寒水石、石膏（各半两。《婴孺方》各用一两二钱半）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣。不限时候，根据患儿大小加减，温服。《婴孺方》用米汤调下。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒烦热，大渴不止的土瓜根散方：
土瓜根、麦门冬（去心，焙干）、柴胡（去苗，各半两）、葛根、枇杷叶（拭去毛，炙至微黄）、甘草（炙至微红，锉碎，各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣。不限时候温服。根据患儿大小酌情增减。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿伤寒大汗后，以及泻下后，自感烦渴不解，脉象大洪的石膏散方：
石膏（一两）、知母、地骨皮、甘草（炙至微红，锉碎）、人参（去芦头，各半两）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，放入粳米一百粒同煎，去渣。不限时候温服。根据患儿大小加减服用。
《婴孺方》治疗小儿伤寒热渴的散方：
栝蒌（三分）、白石脂（二分）。
以上为末，用水送服一刀圭。
张涣葛根汤方：治疗小儿伤寒，身体热烦渴。
葛根、人参（去芦头，各一两）、麦门冬（去心）、甘草（炙）、白茯苓、泽泻（各半两）。
以上为细末。每次服用一钱，用水八分一盏，生姜二片，薄荷三叶，煎至六分，去渣，放温服。
《婴童宝鉴》治疗小儿伤寒，身热头痛，渴躁的红绵散：
麻黄（一两，去根节）、天麻（末）、蝎（末）、甘草（炙，末）、人参（末）、朱砂（末，各一分）。
以上为末。每次服用一字或半钱，水一小盏，红绵一方寸左右，同煎至半盏，热服。
《活人书》记载张仲景的小青龙去半夏加栝蒌汤，方见伤寒咳嗽门中。
《活人书》记载张仲景的白虎加人参汤：
石膏（四两）、知母（一两半）、甘草（半两，炙）、粳米（一合半）、人参（三分）。
以上锉如麻豆大。每次取五钱匕，水一盏半，煮至八分，取米熟为度，去渣温服。
《活人书》记载张仲景的小柴胡去半夏加人参栝蒌汤，方见伤寒头汗出门中。
《活人书》记载张仲景的栝蒌根汤：
栝蒌根（三分）、葛根（一两半，生用。干枯者只用三分）、石膏（二两）、人参、防风、甘草（炙，各半两）。
以上锉如麻豆大。每次服用五钱，用水一盏半，煎至一中盏，去渣服。
《活人书》记载张仲景的白头翁汤：
白头翁（一两）、黄柏、秦皮、黄连（各一两半）。
以上锉如麻豆大。分五次服用，用水两大盏，煮至八分，去渣温服。不愈再服。
《活人书》记载张仲景的大陷胸丸：
大黄（二两）、苦葶苈子（熬）、芒硝、杏仁（去皮尖，熬黑，各三分）。
以上捣罗两味，加入杏仁、芒硝合研如脂，制成如弹子大的丸剂。每次服用一丸，取甘遂末一字匕，白蜜一合，水二盏，煮取一盏，顿服，一夜才下。如不下再服。（甘遂药性猛烈，应斟酌虚实服用。）
《活人书》记载张仲景的黑奴丸：
麻黄（去节，炮一二沸，焙干，秤三两）、大黄（二两）、釜底煤（研入）、黄芩、芒硝、灶突黑（研入）、梁上尘、小麦奴（各一两）。
以上捣罗为细末，炼蜜制成如弹子大的丸剂。用新汲水研化下一丸。口渴者，只给冷水尽足饮用，须臾之间当觉寒冷，冷后汗出即愈。若日影移动五尺仍未出汗，按前法再服一丸，愈即止，须轻微腹泻。小麦奴是小麦未成熟时，丛中不成穗的，捻之成黑块的是。没有此药也可以。此药必须是病患极度口渴倍于平常，躁盛口渴者才可给予。不渴若给予，反而成为祸害。
《活人书》记载张仲景的酒蒸黄连丸：
黄连（四两，以无灰酒浸泡约一寸深，隔水炖熬干）。
以上捣罗为细末，糊为丸。熟水送下三十丸，以胸膈凉、不渴为验证。
长沙《胡氏家传》治疗小儿诸热，伤寒，热渴，热泻的红绵散：
麻黄、人参、甘草、蝎（通明全者，各半两）、天麻（二分酒浸，切、焙）、天南星（大者，炮裂、去皮脐，取一钱）。
以上为末。每次服用二钱，水一盏，枣子一枚，红绵少许，煎至七分。分两次服，小的分四次服，时时给予服用。
According to *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases by Master Chao) regarding the syndrome of heat and thirst in pediatric cold damage: Cold damage is caused by cold qi invading the skin, struggling with blood and qi, causing the cou li (skin texture and pores) to close tightly. The qi cannot be vented, accumulates, and generates heat, resulting in headache, body pain, and high fever. If accompanied by thirst, it is because the heat has entered the zang organs. When the zang organs are affected by heat, the body fluids become depleted and dry, thus causing thirst.
*Huo Ren Shu* (Book that Revives People) discusses the treatment methods for cold damage in both children and adults: Generally, the dosage is smaller, and the medicinal properties are slightly cooler. Question: Why does thirst occur? A floating pulse with thirst belongs to Taiyang disease (disease pattern due to pathogenic invasion of the Taiyang channel), (If the exterior syndrome of cold damage is unresolved, and there is fluid retention under the heart causing thirst, use Xiao Qing Long Tang minus Banxia plus Gualou Gen; if after taking Guizhi Tang for Taiyang disease, profuse sweating occurs leading to severe irritability and thirst, use Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang; if the pulse is floating, urination is difficult, with slight fever and excessive thirst, use Wu Ling San; if four or five days into cold damage, there is body heat, aversion to wind, fullness under the hypochondrium, warm hands and feet, and thirst, treat with Xiao Chai Hu Tang minus Banxia plus Renshen and Gualou Gen; if Taiyang syndrome presents with burning body heat and thirst, it is Feng Wen [Wind-Warmth], treat with Gualou Gen Tang.) Sweating with thirst belongs to Yangming disease (disease pattern due to pathogenic invasion of the Yangming channel), (Treat with Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang. For those with deficient constitution, the elderly, and during spring and autumn months, Zhuye Shigao Tang may be given. In Yangming disease, if only the head sweats, urination is difficult, thirst drives one to drink fluids, and jaundice inevitably develops, use Yin Chen Tang, or Xiao Chai Hu Tang minus Banxia plus Renshen and Gualou Gen.) Injury from cold and wind-heat, or fever with aversion to wind and thirst, belongs to Shaoyang disease (disease pattern due to pathogenic invasion of the Shaoyang channel), (In Shaoyang disease, hardness under the hypochondrium, constipation with vomiting, white coating on the tongue, and thirst are treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang minus Banxia plus Renshen and Gualou Gen Gen.) Spontaneous diarrhea with thirst belongs to Shaoyin disease (disease pattern due to pathogenic invasion of the Shaoyin channel), (Cold damage heat in the zang organs flows into the Shaoyin channel which governs the Kidney. The Kidney dislikes dryness, hence thirst and desire to drink. In Shaoyin disease with diarrhea, cough, vomiting, and thirst, use Zhu Ling Tang. For diarrhea with desire to drink water, it indicates heat; treat with Bai Tou Weng Tang.) Strictly avoid giving Bai Hu Tang to Taiyang syndrome cases with no sweat and thirst. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: If thirsty for water but without exterior syndrome, use Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang. Floating pulse, fever, and no sweat indicate the exterior is unresolved; do not use Bai Hu Tang. The intent is to use Xiao Qing Long Tang or Xiao Chai Hu Tang. Zhang Zhongjing also stated: If cold damage exterior is unresolved with fluid retention under the heart, causing cough or thirst, use Xiao Qing Long Tang minus Banxia plus Gualou Gen. Four or five days into cold damage, with body heat, aversion to wind, fullness under the hypochondrium, warm extremities, and thirst, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang minus Banxia plus Renshen and Gualou Gen.) For Yangming syndrome with profuse sweating and thirst, do not give Wu Ling San. (Profuse sweating causes dryness in the stomach; Zhu Ling Tang further promotes urination, so it is contraindicated. The intent is to give Zhuye Tang. Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Yangming disease occurring at specific times with profuse sweating, purgation is urgently required.) However, can Taiyang disease with thirst never use Bai Hu Tang? Only after Taiyang syndrome resolves with sweating, if the pulse is surging and large with thirst, can Bai Hu Tang be given. Can Yangming disease with thirst never use Wu Ling San? Only in Yangming syndrome with difficult urination, little sweat, floating pulse, and thirst, can Wu Ling San be given. These are all subtle methods of Zhang Zhongjing. (Zhang Zhongjing's Zhu Ling Tang indication also states: Floating pulse, fever, thirst with desire to drink, and difficult urination are treated with Zhu Ling Tang.) In any illness, water should not be given unless there is extreme thirst. For mild thirst or dry throat, give small sips of moistening agents to harmonize the stomach. If extremely thirsty and severely irritable, capable of drinking a dou, give five sheng. If no water is given at all, the body becomes dry, unable to produce sweat, leading to death from attempted sweating. Laypeople often see that drinking water induces sweat in thirst cases, but mild thirst worsens, and drinking leads to fluid retention, chest fullness, and death from wheezing. One should administer Wu Ling San or Xian Xiong Wan. (*Jin Gui Yao Lue* states: In seasonal febrile diseases, by day five or six, if thirsty for water but unable to drink much, do not give it. Why? Because internal heat is insufficient to digest it, causing further illness. By day seven or eight, if extremely thirsty for water, still give according to the syndrome. Always keep intake insufficient, do not force drinking. People often misinterpret Zhang Zhongjing's statement that "being able to drink after illness onset indicates recovery," forcing water on mildly thirsty patients, causing countless disasters. Generally, water qi in cold damage is caused by over-drinking. Water stagnating under the heart, with qi rising to the heart, causes palpitations and wheezing. Accumulating in the chest and hypochondrium causes water accumulation in the chest. Deficient and cold stomach causes vomiting and hiccups. Cold qi struggling causes dysphagia. Pressing on the lungs causes cough. Seeping into the intestines causes dysentery. Pathogenic heat struggling and accumulating in the lower jiao causes difficult urination, lower abdominal fullness, or urgency. Overflowing into the skin causes edema.) If Yang Du [Yang Toxin] is intense, with constant agitation and extreme thirst, use Hei Nu Wan. If summerheat latent heat is deep, repeatedly treated without improvement, and the patient suffers from incessant thirst, use Jiu Zheng Huang Lian Wan.
*Sheng Hui Fang* (Prescriptions from the Holy Grace Pavilion) Da Qing San for pediatric cold damage with headache, high fever, and irritability/thirst:
Da Qing, Zhi Mu, Chai Hu (remove seedlings), Ge Gen (cut), Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut), Chuan Sheng Ma, Huang Qin, Chi Shao Yao, Zhi Zi Ren (each 0.5 liang), Shi Gao (1 liang), Chuan Mang Xiao (0.1 fen).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain, and take warm at any time. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.
*Sheng Hui Fang* Ge Gen San for pediatric cold damage with vexatious heat in limbs, mental restlessness, dry mouth, and excessive thirst:
Ge Gen (cut), Ma Huang (remove root joints), Renshen (remove rhizomes, each 0.5 liang), Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut), Gui Xin (each 0.1 fen).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water with a little fresh ginger and one date until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain. Take warm at any time, adjusting dosage based on the child's size.
*Sheng Hui Fang* Chai Hu San for pediatric cold damage with high fever, headache, dry mouth, and irritability/thirst:
Chai Hu (remove seedlings), Ma Huang (remove root joints, each 0.5 liang), Chi Shao Yao, Huang Qin, Ge Gen (cut), Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut, each 0.1 fen), Shi Gao (1 liang).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water with a little fresh ginger, three cun of scallion white, and twenty grains of Dou Chi until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain. Take warm at any time; efficacy is indicated by sweating. Adjust dosage based on the child's size. (Ding Shifa's transmitted Chai Hu San contains Qian Hu 0.5 liang.)
*Sheng Hui Fang* Gan Cao San for pediatric cold damage heat/thirst, feeling stifled after purgation:
Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut), Mu Li (powdered), Huang Qin, Chi Shao Yao (each 0.5 liang).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water until reduced to 0.4 cup, strain. Add one egg white, cook thoroughly, stir to remove foam, and take warm slowly. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.
*Sheng Hui Fang* Ren Shen San for pediatric cold damage with hot head, cold feet, dry mouth, and excessive thirst:
Ren Shen (remove rhizomes), Huang Qi, Ma Huang (remove root joints), Chi Fu Ling (each 0.5 liang), Qiang Lang (two pieces, remove wings and feet, lightly stir-fried).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water with a little fresh ginger until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain. Take warm at any time, adjusting dosage based on the child's size.
*Sheng Hui Fang* Gualou Gen San for pediatric cold damage heat/thirst, headache, and mental restlessness:
Gualou Gen (0.5 liang), Ku Shen (cut), Ren Shen (remove rhizomes, each 0.1 fen; *Ying Ru Fang* uses 0.3 fen each), Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut, 0.1 fen; *Ying Ru Fang* uses 0.3 fen), Han Shui Shi, Shi Gao (each 0.5 liang; *Ying Ru Fang* uses 1 liang 2 qian 5 fen each).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain. Take warm at any time, adjusting dosage based on the child's size. (*Ying Ru Fang* administers with rice broth.)
*Sheng Hui Fang* Tu Gua Gen San for pediatric cold damage vexatious heat and incessant extreme thirst:
Tu Gua Gen, Mai Men Dong (remove heart, roast), Chai Hu (remove seedlings, each 0.5 liang), Ge Gen, Pi Pa Ye (wipe off hairs, roast until slightly yellow), Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut, each 0.1 fen).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain. Take warm at any time. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.
*Sheng Hui Fang* Shi Gao San for pediatric cold damage after profuse sweating or purgation, with unresolved self-irritation/thirst and surging/large pulse:
Shi Gao (1 liang), Zhi Mu, Di Gu Pi, Gan Cao (roasted until slightly red, cut), Ren Shen (remove rhizomes, each 0.5 liang).
Crush the above herbs, sift coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water with 100 grains of Jing Mi (rice) until cooked, strain. Take warm at any time. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.
*Ying Ru Fang* Powder for pediatric cold damage heat/thirst:
Gualou (0.3 fen), Bai Shi Zhi (0.2 fen).
Grind into powder, administer with water using a Dao Gui measure.
Zhang Huan's Ge Gen Tang: Treats pediatric cold damage with body heat, irritability, and thirst.
Ge Gen, Ren Shen (remove rhizomes, each 1 liang), Mai Men Dong (remove heart), Gan Cao (roasted), Bai Fu Ling, Ze Xie (each 0.5 liang).
Grind into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct in 0.8 cup of water with two slices of fresh ginger and three leaves of Bo He until reduced to 0.6 cup, strain, and take warm.
*Ying Tong Bao Jian* Hong Mian San for pediatric cold damage with body heat, headache, thirst, and irritability:
Ma Huang (1 liang, remove root joints), Tian Ma (powder), Scorpion (powder), Gan Cao (roasted, powder), Ren Shen (powder), Zhu Sha (powder, each 0.1 fen).
Grind into powder. Take 1 zi or half a qian per dose, decoct in 1 small cup of water with a square inch of red cotton until reduced to half a cup, take hot.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Xiao Qing Long Tang minus Banxia plus Gualou Gen; formula seen in Cold Damage Cough section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang:
Shi Gao (4 liang), Zhi Mu (1.5 liang), Gan Cao (0.5 liang, roasted), Jing Mi (1.5 he), Ren Shen (0.3 fen).
Cut like hemp seeds. Take 5 qian bi per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup, stop when rice is cooked, strain, and take warm.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Wu Ling San; formula seen in Cold Damage Spontaneous Sweating section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Xiao Chai Hu Tang minus Banxia plus Renshen and Gualou Gen; formula seen in Cold Damage Head Sweat section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Gualou Gen Tang:
Gualou Gen (0.3 fen), Ge Gen (1.5 liang, raw use; if dried, use only 0.3 fen), Shi Gao (2 liang), Ren Shen, Fang Feng, Gan Cao (roasted, each 0.5 liang).
Cut like hemp seeds. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water until reduced to 1 medium cup, strain, and take.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang; formula seen in Cold Damage Epistaxis section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Yin Chen Tang; formula seen in Cold Damage Head Sweat section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Zhu Ling Tang; formula seen in Cough section (Cold Damage Cough section).
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Bai Tou Weng Tang:
Bai Tou Weng (1 liang), Huang Bai, Qin Pi, Huang Lian (each 1.5 liang).
Cut like hemp seeds. Divide into five doses, decoct in 2 large cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup, strain, and take warm. Repeat if ineffective.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Xiao Qing Long Tang; formula seen in Cold Damage Cough section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Xiao Chai Hu Tang; formula seen in Cold Damage Head Sweat section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Zhu Ye Tang; formula seen in Cold Damage Epistaxis section.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Da Xian Xiong Wan:
Da Huang (2 liang), Ku Ting Li Zi (stir-fried), Mang Xiao, Xing Ren (remove skin and tips, stir-fry until black, each 0.3 fen).
Pound and sieve two ingredients, mix with Xing Ren and Mang Xiao until paste-like, form pills like bullet sizes. Take one pill per dose, add 1 zi bi of Gan Sui powder, 1 he of white honey, and 2 cups of water, boil to 1 cup, take in one dose. Bowel movement occurs overnight. If not, repeat. (Gan Sui is potent; adjust dosage based on deficiency/excess.)
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Hei Nu Wan:
Ma Huang (remove joints, boil briefly, dry roast, weigh 3 liang), Da Huang (2 liang), Fu Di Mei (ground in), Huang Qin, Mang Xiao, Zao Tu Hei (ground in), Liang Shang Chen, Xiao Mai Nu (each 1 liang).
Pound and sieve into fine powder, refine honey to form pills like bullet sizes. Dissolve one pill in fresh well water. For thirst, allow free drinking of cold water; soon the patient will feel cold, then sweat and recover. If no sweat after five chi of shadow movement, repeat one pill per previous method; stop when recovered, slight diarrhea is expected. Xiao Mai Nu refers to immature wheat clusters that fail to grain, turning black when rubbed. Absence of this herb is acceptable. This medicine is only for patients with extreme thirst exceeding normal levels and severe agitation/thirst. Do not give if not thirsty, as it will cause harm.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhang Zhongjing's Jiu Zheng Huang Lian Wan:
Huang Lian (4 liang, soaked in non-grain alcohol to a depth of about one cun, stewed dry in double boiler).
Pound and sieve into fine powder, make pills with paste. Administer 30 pills with cooked water; efficacy is indicated by coolness in chest/diaphragm and cessation of thirst.
Changsha *Hu Family Heritage* Hong Mian San for pediatric various heats, cold damage, heat/thirst, and heat diarrhea:
Ma Huang, Ren Shen, Gan Cao, Scorpion (transparent whole ones, each 0.5 liang), Tian Ma (soak in wine 0.2 fen, slice, roast), Tian Nan Xing (large ones, roast until cracked, remove skin and navel, take 1 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct in 1 cup of water with one date and a little red cotton until reduced to 0.7 cup. Divide into two doses; for smaller children, divide into four doses, administer frequently.