《巢氏病源》小儿寒热往来候∶风邪外客于皮肤，而内痰饮渍于脏腑，致令血气不和，阴阳更相乘克。阳胜
则热，阴胜则寒。阴阳之气为邪所乘，邪与正相干，阴阳交争，时发时止，则寒热往来也。
张涣论∶小儿内有痰饮，渍于脏腑，因外感风邪，与正气相干，则成寒热往来之病。甚者，已渐羸瘦。又
痰实壮热不除者，变成惊痫。又夏伤于暑者，至秋成疟。
《婴童宝鉴》小儿寒热往来歌∶
邪入皮肤里，远归脏腑巡；阴阳多斗争，寒热往来频。
《千金》治小儿卒寒热不佳，不能服药。莽草汤浴方
莽草 丹参 桂心（各三两） 菖蒲（半斤） 蛇床子（二两） 雷丸（一升）
上六味 咀，以水二斗，煮三、五沸，适寒温以浴儿。避目及阴。
《千金》治小儿忽寒热。雷丸汤浴方
雷丸（二十枚） 大黄（四两） 苦参 石膏（各三两） 黄芩（一两） 丹参（二两）
上六味 咀，以水二斗，煮取一斗半，浴儿避目及阴。浴讫以粉粉之，勿浓衣。一宿复浴。
《千金》治小儿生一月至五月，乍寒乍热方。
上细切柳枝，煮取汁洗儿。若渴，绞冬瓜汁服之。
《仙人水鉴》∶孩子百日内忽有寒热，何以治之？与冷药吃即乳寒呕逆；若热药治之，其病加甚。无神法圣术，
因循丧儿之命。博览石室秘方，用之应妙。
桃花荫末一钱余，甘草充汤力更殊；蓝花只消一、两字（阴干），灌之入口立消除。
上三味为末。每服半钱，汤调灌之。
《伤寒类要》疗小儿寒热及热气中人。
上用猪后蹄烧灰研末，以乳汁调一撮，服之效。
《圣惠》治小儿寒热往来，面色痿黄。柴胡散方
柴胡（半两，去苗） 石膏（一两） 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 麻黄（去根节） 秦艽（去苗） 常山（各一分）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。温服，日三服。量儿大小以意加减。
太医局小柴胡汤 治大人、小儿伤寒，温热病；身热恶风，颈项强急，胸满胁痛，呕哕烦渴，寒热往来，身面
皆黄，小便不利，大便秘硬。或过经未解，或潮热不除，及瘥后劳复，发热头痛；妇人伤风，头痛烦热，经
血适断，寒热如疟，发作有时。及产后伤风，头痛烦热，并宜服之。
柴胡（去芦头，秤半斤） 黄芩 人参（去芦头，秤） 甘草（炙。各三两） 半夏（汤洗七次，焙干，秤二两半）
上五味同为粗末。每服三大钱，以水一盏半，入生姜五片，枣一个掰破，同煎至七分，滤去滓，稍热服，
不计时服。小儿分作二服，更量大小加减。
张涣秦艽汤方 治小儿寒热往来病。
秦艽（去苗） 鳖甲（醋炙微黄，去裙 。各一两） 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 麻黄（去根节。各半两
）竹茹 甘草（炙。各一分）
上件捣，罗为粗散。每服一钱，水一盏，入葱白二寸，同煎至五分，去滓温服，量儿大小加减。
张涣又方人参前胡散
人参（去芦头） 前胡 柴胡（去苗。各一两） 桔梗 地骨皮 甘草（炙） 半夏（汤洗七遍，焙干。各半两）
上件捣，罗为细末。每服一大钱，水一小盏，入生姜二片，煎至半盏，去滓，放温服。量儿大小加减。
张涣又方芍药汤
赤芍药（一两） 黄芩 当归（锉，焙干） 柴胡（各半两） 肉桂 甘草（炙。各一分）
上件捣，罗为细末。每服一钱，水八分一盏，入生姜二片，枣一枚，同煎至五分，去滓温服。量儿大小加
减。
《庄氏家传》疗少小卒寒热不佳，不能服药。李叶浴儿方
上用李叶不拘多少煮汤。（又白芷；又苦参。）
《王氏手集》柴胡人参汤 治小儿脾热生风，往来寒热。
柴胡 人参 芍药 茯苓 甘草（炙）
上等分。每服二钱，水一盏，入生姜三片，煎至四分，温服。
《巢氏病源》中关于小儿寒热往来的论述：风邪外侵皮肤，内里痰饮浸渍脏腑，导致血气不和，阴阳相互克制。阳气偏胜则发热，阴气偏胜则发冷。阴阳之气被邪气侵袭，邪气与正气相争，阴阳交争，时发时止，这就形成了寒热往来的症状。
张涣论述：小儿体内有痰饮，浸渍脏腑，又因外感风邪，与正气相争，从而形成寒热往来的疾病。病情严重的，身体逐渐消瘦。如果痰实壮热不退，会转变为惊痫。另外，夏季感受暑邪，到了秋天就会形成疟疾。
《婴童宝鉴》中关于小儿寒热往来的歌诀：
邪气侵入皮肤深处，远及脏腑巡行；阴阳多次斗争，导致寒热往来频繁。
《千金方》治疗小儿突然患寒热症且情况不佳，无法服药的莽草汤浴方：
莽草、丹参、桂心（各三两）、菖蒲（半斤）、蛇床子（二两）、雷丸（一升）。
以上六味药切碎，用水二斗，煮三到五沸，待温度适宜给小儿洗浴。注意避开眼睛和生殖器部位。
《千金方》治疗小儿突然寒热的雷丸汤浴方：
雷丸（二十枚）、大黄（四两）、苦参、石膏（各三两）、黄芩（一两）、丹参（二两）。
以上六味药切碎，用水二斗，煮取一斗半药液，给小儿洗浴，注意避开眼睛和生殖器部位。洗浴完毕后用粉扑身，不要穿厚衣服。过一夜后再洗一次。
《千金方》治疗小儿出生一个月至五个月，忽冷忽热的方子：
将柳枝细切，煮取汁液清洗小儿。如果孩子口渴，绞取冬瓜汁服用。
《仙人水鉴》记载：孩子百日内忽然出现寒热症状，如何治疗？如果给吃凉药，会导致乳食受寒呕吐逆乱；如果用热药治疗，病情会加重。如果没有神妙法术，沿袭旧法会丧送孩子的性命。广泛阅览石室中的秘方，使用它效果奇妙。
桃花荫末一钱多，甘草配合汤剂效力更殊；蓝花只需一两个字（阴干），灌入口中立刻消除。
以上三味药研成末。每次服用半钱，用汤剂调匀灌服。
《伤寒类要》治疗小儿寒热及热气中人。
以上用猪后蹄烧成灰研成末，用乳汁调和一撮，服用有效。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿寒热往来，面色萎黄的柴胡散方：
柴胡（半两，去苗）、石膏（一两）、川大黄（锉碎，微炒）、麻黄（去根节）、秦艽（去苗）、常山（各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，粗筛为散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣。温服，每日三次。根据孩子大小酌情加减。
太医局小柴胡汤 治疗大人、小儿伤寒、温热病；身体发热恶风，颈项强直急迫，胸满胁痛，呕吐呃逆烦渴，寒热往来，身面皆黄，小便不利，大便秘结坚硬。或者经过传经未解，或者潮热不退，以及病愈后因劳累复发，发热头痛；妇人伤风，头痛烦热，月经刚断，寒热如疟，发作有时。以及产后伤风，头痛烦热，都适宜服用。
柴胡（去芦头，秤半斤）、黄芩、人参（去芦头，秤）、甘草（炙。各三两）、半夏（汤洗七次，焙干，秤二两半）。
以上五味药同为粗末。每次服用三大钱，用水一盏半，加入生姜五片，枣一个掰破，同煎至七分，滤去渣滓，稍热服用，不拘时间。小儿分两次服用，再根据大小加减。
张涣秦艽汤方 治疗小儿寒热往来病。
秦艽（去苗）、鳖甲（醋炙微黄，去裙襕。各一两）、川大黄（锉碎，微炒）、麻黄（去根节。各半两）、竹茹、甘草（炙。各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，罗筛为粗散。每次服用一钱，水一盏，加入葱白二寸，同煎至五分，去渣温服，根据孩子大小加减。
张涣又一方人参前胡散
人参（去芦头）、前胡、柴胡（去苗。各一两）、桔梗、地骨皮、甘草（炙）、半夏（汤洗七遍，焙干。各半两）。
以上药物捣碎，罗筛为细末。每次服用一大钱，水一小盏，加入生姜二片，煎至半盏，去渣，放温服用。根据孩子大小加减。
张涣又一方芍药汤
赤芍药（一两）、黄芩、当归（锉，焙干）、柴胡（各半两）、肉桂、甘草（炙。各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，罗筛为细末。每次服用一钱，水八分一盏，加入生姜二片，枣一枚，同煎至五分，去渣温服。根据孩子大小加减。
《庄氏家传》治疗少小突然寒热不佳，不能服药的李叶浴儿方：
以上用李叶不拘多少煮汤。（又有白芷；又有苦参。）
《王氏手集》柴胡人参汤 治疗小儿脾热生风，往来寒热。
柴胡、人参、芍药、茯苓、甘草（炙）。
以上等分。每次服用二钱，水一盏，加入生姜三片，煎至四分，温服。
According to *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases by Chao) regarding the syndrome of alternating cold and heat in children: Wind pathogen externally invades the skin, while internal phlegm-fluids soak into the zang-fu organs, causing disharmony of blood and qi, and mutual overcoming between yin and yang. When yang prevails, there is fever; when yin prevails, there is cold. When yin and yang qi are invaded by pathogen, and pathogen interferes with healthy qi, yin and yang contend with each other, appearing and disappearing intermittently, resulting in the syndrome of alternating cold and heat.
Zhang Huan discusses: Children have internal phlegm-fluids soaking into the zang-fu organs, and due to external contraction of wind pathogen, interfering with healthy qi, it forms the disease of alternating cold and heat. In severe cases, the body gradually becomes emaciated. If phlegm-solidity and high fever persist, it transforms into jing-xian (convulsions and epilepsy). Furthermore, summerheat contracted in summer manifests as malaria in autumn.
From *Ying Tong Bao Jian* (Precious Mirror for Infants and Children), a song on alternating cold and heat in children:
Pathogen enters deep within the skin, traveling far to circulate through the zang-fu organs;
Yin and yang struggle frequently, causing alternating cold and heat often.
*Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) treats sudden onset of poor condition with alternating cold and heat in children who cannot take oral medication, using the Mangcao Tang (Marsilea Decoction) bath formula:
Marsileae Herba (Mangcao, 莽草), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen, 丹参), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin, 桂心), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Changpu, 菖蒲) half jin, Cnidii Fructus (Shechuangzi, 蛇床子) two liang, Polyporus Umbellatus (Leiwan, 雷丸) one sheng.
The above six ingredients are cut up, boiled in two dou of water for three to five boils. Use at a suitable temperature to bathe the child. Avoid eyes and genitals.
*Qian Jin Fang* treats sudden cold and heat in children, using the Leiwan Tang (Polyporus Decoction) bath formula:
Polyporus Umbellatus (Leiwan, 雷丸) twenty pieces, Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang, 大黄) four liang, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen, 苦参), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) three liang each, Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) one liang, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen, 丹参) two liang.
The above six ingredients are cut up, boiled in two dou of water until one dan and half remains. Bathe the child, avoiding eyes and genitals. After bathing, apply powder to the body, do not wear thick clothes. Bathe again after one night.
*Qian Jin Fang* treats children aged one to five months with intermittent cold and heat:
Finely cut willow branches, boil to extract juice to wash the child. If thirsty, squeeze winter melon juice for administration.
*Xian Ren Shui Jian* (Water Mirror of the Immortal) records: How to treat sudden cold and heat in infants within one hundred days? Administering cold medicines causes milk-cold and vomiting/regurgitation; treating with hot medicines exacerbates the illness. Without divine methods, following routine practices may cost the child's life. Extensively consulting secret formulas from stone chambers, their use yields miraculous results.
Peach blossom shade powder slightly more than one qian, Licorice enhances the decoction's power significantly;
Blue flower only needs one or two characters (shade-dried), poured into the mouth, it vanishes instantly.
The above three ingredients are powdered. Each dose is half a qian, mixed with decoction and administered.
*Shang Han Lei Yao* (Classified Essentials of Cold Damage) treats pediatric alternating cold and heat and heat qi affecting humans.
The above uses ash from roasted posterior pig trotters ground into powder, mixed with one tuoch of milk for administration, which is effective.
*Sheng Hui Fang* (Holy Benefit Formulas) treats pediatric alternating cold and heat with sallow complexion, using Chaihu San (Bupleurum Powder):
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) half liang, removed sprouts; Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) one liang; Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang, 大黄) crushed, lightly stir-fried; Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) root nodes removed; Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao, 秦艽) sprouts removed; Polygalae Radix (Changshan, 常山) one fen each.
The above medicines are pounded, coarsely sieved into a powder. Each dose is one qian, boiled in a small cup of water until five fen remains, strained. Take warm, three times daily. Adjust according to the child's size.
Tai Yi Ju Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction of the Imperial Medical Bureau) treats adult and pediatric Shanghan (Cold Damage), warm-heat diseases; body heat with aversion to wind, stiffness and tension of the neck and nape, chest fullness and hypochondriac pain, vomiting, hiccups, irritability and thirst, alternating cold and heat, yellowing of the body and face, difficult urination, constipation and hard stools. Or if the disease has passed through meridians but remains unresolved, or tidal fever persists, or relapse due to overexertion after recovery with fever and headache; women with wind-strike, headache and irritability/fever, menstrual flow just stopped, alternating cold and heat like malaria occurring at specific times. Also postpartum wind-strike, headache and irritability/fever, all are suitable for this prescription.
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) removed rhizome head, weighed half jin; Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩); Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参) removed rhizome head, weighed; Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) honey-fried. Three liang each; Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) washed seven times in boiling water, dried by roasting, weighed two liang and half.
The above five ingredients are made into coarse powder. Each dose is three large qian, boiled in one and half cups of water with five slices of fresh ginger and one broken jujube, until seven parts remain. Strain and take slightly warm, at any time. For children, divide into two doses, adjust further based on size.
Zhang Huan Qin Jiao Tang (Gentian Macrophylla Decoction) treats pediatric alternating cold and heat.
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao, 秦艽) removed sprouts; Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, 鳖甲) vinegar-fried until slightly yellow, removed skirt-like edges. One liang each; Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang, 大黄) crushed, lightly stir-fried; Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) root nodes removed. Half liang each; Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuru, 竹茹); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) honey-fried. One fen each.
The above are pounded and sieved into coarse powder. Each dose is one qian, boiled in one cup of water with two cun of scallion white, until five parts remain. Strain and take warm, adjust based on child's size.
Zhang Huan's another formula, Renshen Qianhu San (Ginseng and Peucedanum Powder):
Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参) removed rhizome head; Peucedani Radix (Qianhu, 前胡); Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) removed sprouts. One liang each; Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗); Lycii Cortex (Digupi, 地骨皮); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) honey-fried; Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) washed seven times in boiling water, dried by roasting. Half liang each.
The above are pounded and sieved into fine powder. Each dose is one large qian, boiled in a small cup of water with two slices of fresh ginger, until half a cup remains. Strain and take warm after cooling. Adjust based on child's size.
Zhang Huan's another formula, Shaoyao Tang (Peony Decoction):
Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao, 赤芍药) one liang; Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩); Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 当归) crushed, dried by roasting; Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡). Half liang each; Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui, 肉桂); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) honey-fried. One fen each.
The above are pounded and sieved into fine powder. Each dose is one qian, boiled in eight-tenths of a cup of water with two slices of fresh ginger and one jujube, until five parts remain. Strain and take warm. Adjust based on child's size.
*Zhuang Shi Jia Chuan* (Zhuang Family Tradition) treats sudden poor condition with alternating cold and heat in young children who cannot take oral medication, using Liye Bath Formula:
Use leaves of Prunus salicina (Liye, 李叶) in any amount to boil soup. (Also Angelicae Dahuricae Radix [Baizhi, 白芷]; also Sophorae Flavescentis Radix [Kushen, 苦参].)
*Wang Shi Shou Ji* (Wang Family Hand Collection) Chaihu Renshen Tang (Bupleurum and Ginseng Decoction) treats pediatric spleen-heat generating wind, alternating cold and heat.
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡); Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参); Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao, 芍药); Poria (Fuling, 茯苓); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) honey-fried.
Equal parts. Each dose is two qian, boiled in one cup of water with three slices of fresh ginger, until four parts remain. Take warm.