《巢氏病源》小儿寒热往来食不消候∶风邪客于皮肤，内有痰饮渍于脏腑，使血气不和，阴阳交争，则寒热
往来。其脾胃之气宿挟虚冷，表虽寒热而内冷发动，故食不消也。
《千金翼》治小儿寒热咳逆，膈中有癖乳，若吐不欲食方。
干地黄（四两） 麦门冬（去心） 五味子 蜜（各半斤） 大黄 硝石（各一两）
上六味 咀，以水三升，煮取一升，去滓；内硝石、蜜更煮令沸。服二合，日三。胸中当有宿乳一升许出。
儿大者服五合。
《圣惠》治小儿寒热往来，头疼呕吐及乳癖。诃梨勒丸方
诃梨勒皮 木香 人参（去头芦） 赤茯苓 桂心 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 陈橘皮（汤浸、去白瓤，焙。
各半两） 柴胡（三分，去苗）
上件药捣，罗为末，炼蜜和丸如麻子大。每服以薄荷生姜汤下五丸，日三、四服。更量儿大小以意加减。
《巢氏病源》小儿寒热往来，能食不生肌肉候∶风邪客于皮肤，内有痰饮渍于腑脏，使血气不和，阴阳交争，
故发寒热往来。胃气挟热，热则消谷，谷消则引食。阴阳交争为血气不和；血气不和则不能充养身体，故寒热
往来，虽能食而不生肌肉也。
《外台》∶《古今录验》疗小儿寒热，食不生肌肉。大黄丸方
大黄（一两，蒸之二斗米下） 桂心 干姜（炮。各二分） 巴豆（五十粒，去心、皮，熬） 硝石
（三分，熬，无者以芒硝代之）
上五味捣筛四味，别捣巴豆令如泥，合和以蜜，更捣二千杵，丸如桐子大。坏一丸，汤服之。但热在膈上
当吐；在膈下当利，预作粥。如服已吐、下，丸法服药。两食顷不吐、下，以热饮动之。若不得吐、下，可
更服一丸半，能药壮人可二丸。此药优于他下药丸，故宜大小。下多，冷粥解之。若有疮，绵挺如指，蜜和
一丸涂挺头，旦内疮中，隅出之，不瘥更作。温病不得大便，服之得下佳。宿食不消亦服之。飞尸遁尸，浆
服半丸，日一，应须臾止。心腹胀满痛，服一丸。疟者，根据发日宿勿食，清晨服一丸。壮人服二丸。得吐、
下，忍饥过发时乃食。妇人产后血结，中奔走，起上下，或绝产无子、或月经不调，面目青黄，服半丸。小
儿淋沥寒热，胪胀、大腹不欲食，食不生肌，三、四岁如麻子服一丸，日一；六、七岁儿服二丸。比三十日，
心腹诸病瘥。儿小半之愈，大良。忌野猪肉、芦笋、生葱。
《诸病源候论》中关于小儿寒热往来且食物不消化的证候：风邪侵袭皮肤，体内有痰饮浸渍脏腑，导致气血不和，阴阳相互交争，从而出现寒热交替的症状。如果脾胃之气素来虚弱寒冷，虽然体表表现为寒热，但内部的虚冷被激发，因此食物无法消化。
《千金翼方》治疗小儿寒热咳嗽气逆，胸膈中有癖积乳块，若呕吐而不想进食的方剂。
干地黄（四两） 麦门冬（去心） 五味子 蜂蜜（各半斤） 大黄 硝石（各一两）
以上六味药，切碎，用水三升，煎煮取一升药液，滤去药渣；加入硝石和蜂蜜，再次煮沸。每次服用二合，每日三次。服药后胸中应当会排出约一升的陈旧乳汁。
年龄较大的儿童服用五合。
《太平圣惠方》治疗小儿寒热交替、头痛呕吐以及乳癖的诃梨勒丸方。
诃梨勒皮 木香 人参（去头芦） 赤茯苓 桂心 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 陈橘皮（用汤浸泡，去白瓤，焙干。各半两） 柴胡（三分，去苗）
以上药物捣碎，过筛成粉末，用炼蜜调和制成如麻子大小的丸剂。每次用薄荷生姜汤送服五丸，每日三到四次。还需根据儿童的大小酌情增减剂量。
《诸病源候论》中关于小儿寒热交替、能进食但不长肌肉的证候：风邪侵袭皮肤，体内有痰饮浸渍脏腑，导致气血不和，阴阳相互交争，因此发生寒热交替。胃气挟带热邪，热则消谷，谷物消化快就会引起食欲。阴阳交争导致气血不和；气血不和则不能充养身体，所以虽然寒热交替且能进食，却不长肌肉。
《外台秘要》引用《古今录验》治疗小儿寒热、进食但不长肌肉的大黄丸方。
大黄（一两，用二斗米蒸制） 桂心 干姜（炮制。各二分） 巴豆（五十粒，去心、皮，熬制） 硝石（三分，熬制，没有的话用芒硝代替）
以上五味药，将除巴豆外的四味药捣碎过筛，单独将巴豆捣烂如泥，混合后用蜂蜜调和，再捣两千杵，制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂。掰开一丸，用汤水送服。如果热邪在膈上，应当会引起呕吐；如果在膈下，应当会引起腹泻，需提前准备好粥。如果服药后已经呕吐或腹泻，按常规方法继续服药。如果吃了饭左右的时间还没有呕吐或腹泻，用热饮刺激它。如果仍然不能呕吐或腹泻，可以再服用一丸半，体质强壮的人可以服用两丸。此药优于其他泻下药丸，所以适合不同年龄段使用。如果泻下过多，喝冷粥来缓解。如果有疮疡，用棉条像手指粗细，将一丸药蜜调后涂在棉条头上，早晨放入疮口中，傍晚取出，如果不痊愈再制作新的。温病导致大便不通，服用此药后能通便为佳。宿食不消也服用此药。飞尸遁尸（古代指一种突发的急症），用浆水送服半丸，每日一次，应该很快就能停止。心腹胀满疼痛，服用一丸。疟疾患者，在发作前一天晚上不要吃东西，清晨服用一丸。体质强壮的人服用两丸。如果出现呕吐或腹泻，忍住饥饿度过发作期后再进食。妇人产后血结，感觉血液在体内奔走，上下窜动，或者导致不孕无子、月经不调，面色青黄，服用半丸。小儿淋沥寒热，腹部胀大、不想进食，进食不长肌肉，三四岁的儿童如麻子大小服用一丸，每日一次；六七岁的儿童服用两丸。连续三十天，心腹各种疾病痊愈。年幼的儿童减半服用可愈，年长的效果良好。忌食野猪肉、芦笋、生葱。
According to *Chishu Bingyuan* (Source Book of Diseases and Syndromes) regarding the syndrome of alternating cold and fever with indigestion in children: Wind pathogenic factors invade the skin, while phlegm-fluids soak into the zang-fu organs internally. This causes disharmony of blood and qi, and contention between yin and yang, resulting in alternating chills and fever. If the spleen and stomach qi has a pre-existing deficiency-cold constitution, although the exterior presents with chills and fever, the internal cold is triggered, leading to food not digesting.
*Qianjin Yifang* (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Formulas) treats children with alternating chills and fever, cough with rebellious qi, masses of retained milk in the diaphragm, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
Sheng Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, 4 liang)
Men Dong (Fructus et Semen Trichosanthis, heart removed)
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis)
Feng Mi (Mel, 0.5 jin each)
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei)
Xiao Shi (Natrii Sulfas, 1 liang each)
The above six ingredients are cut into pieces, boiled in three sheng of water to obtain one sheng of decoction, then filtered to remove dregs. Xiao Shi and Feng Mi are added, and it is boiled again until boiling. Take two ge per dose, three times daily. After administration, approximately one sheng of old milk should be expelled from the chest.
Older children take five ge.
*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang* (Holy惠民 Formularies of the Taiping Era) treats children with alternating chills and fever, headache, vomiting, and retained milk masses using Helile Wan (Chebulic Myrobalan Pill).
Helile Pi (Pericarpium Chebulae)
Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng, head and rhizome removed)
Chi Fuling (Poria cum Radix Pini Rosida)
Gui Xin (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Chuan Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, crushed and slightly stir-fried)
Chen Ju Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried; 0.5 liang each)
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, 3 fen, radix removed)
The above medicines are pounded, sifted into powder, and mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of hemp seeds. Each time, take five pills with mint and fresh ginger decoction, three to four times daily. Dosage should be adjusted according to the child's age and size.
According to *Chishu Bingyuan* regarding the syndrome of alternating chills and fever in children who eat but do not gain muscle: Wind pathogenic factors invade the skin, while phlegm-fluids soak into the fu organs internally, causing disharmony of blood and qi and contention between yin and yang, thus triggering alternating chills and fever. The stomach qi carries heat; heat promotes digestion of grains, so rapid digestion leads to increased appetite. Contention between yin and yang causes disharmony of blood and qi; disharmony of blood and qi fails to nourish the body. Therefore, despite alternating chills and fever and the ability to eat, the child does not gain muscle.
*Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies) cites *Gujin Luyan* (Ancient and Modern Recorded Experiences) treating children with alternating chills and fever, eating but not gaining muscle, using Dahuang Wan (Rhubarb Pill).
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, 1 liang, steamed with two dou of rice)
Gui Xin (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Officinalis Recens, processed; 2 fen each)
Ba Dou (Semen Crotonis Tiglii, 50 grains, heart and skin removed, roasted)
Xiao Shi (Natrii Sulfas, 3 fen, roasted; if unavailable, Mang Xiao/Natrii Sulfas Anhydrous may substitute)
The above five ingredients: pound and sieve the four non-Ba Dou ingredients separately. Pound Ba Dou alone until it becomes a paste. Mix with honey and pound another two thousand times. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Break off one pill and administer with warm water. If the heat is above the diaphragm, vomiting should occur; if below the diaphragm, purgation should occur. Prepare porridge in advance. If vomiting or purgation has already occurred after administration, continue medication as usual. If there is no vomiting or purgation after about two meals' worth of time, stimulate it with hot drinks. If still unable to vomit or purge, administer an additional half pill; robust individuals may take two pills. This medicine is superior to other purgative pills and is suitable for various ages. If purgation is excessive, resolve it with cold porridge. For sores/ulcers, use a cotton swab finger-thick, coat the tip with one pill mixed with honey, insert into the sore in the morning, and remove in the evening. If not healed, prepare anew. For warm diseases causing constipation, taking this to induce bowel movement is favorable. It is also taken for retained food indigestion. For Feishi Dunshi (ancient terms for sudden acute conditions), take half a pill with grain mash water, once daily; cessation should be immediate. For abdominal distension, fullness, and pain, take one pill. For malaria, abstain from food the night before the attack day, and take one pill early in the morning. Robust individuals take two pills. After vomiting or purgation, endure hunger until past the attack time before eating. For postpartum women with blood stasis, sensation of blood rushing up and down, infertility, irregular menstruation, and blue-yellow complexion, take half a pill. For children with dribbling dysuria, alternating chills and fever, abdominal distension, large abdomen, loss of appetite, and failure to gain muscle: children aged three to four take one pill the size of a hemp seed, once daily; children aged six to seven take two pills. Over thirty days, various heart and abdominal diseases will heal. Younger children take half the dose to heal; older children do well. Avoid wild boar meat, reeds/asparagus shoots, and raw green onions.