经曰∶因于暑汗，烦则喘满，静则多言，体若燔炭，汗出而散。又曰∶气盛身寒，得之伤寒；气虚身热，
得之伤暑。婴儿之患，夏秋为甚，盖火土旺于长夏，正当金水受伤。稚阳阴微，已失天和，加之暑热，阳气
浮于外，生冷戕于中，夏失长养，则不能生金而病于暑。然有中暑而病者，有因暑而致病者，虽病有不同，而
总由于暑。故其为病有阴阳二证∶曰阴暑，曰阳暑。治由冰炭，不可不辨也。
阴暑者，因暑而受寒也。凡膏粱之儿，畏暑贪凉，不避寒气，又或居深堂广厦，或乍热乍寒之时，不谨衣
被，以致寒邪袭于肌表。其证头痛无汗恶寒，身体拘急，四肢酸疼。此以暑月受寒，虽名阴暑，即伤寒也。治
宜温散，五积散、清暑益气汤。不恶寒而发热者，人参白虎汤，热退后，用调元生脉散补之。
又有不慎口腹，过食生冷瓜果，凉茶冷水，以致寒凉伤脏，而为呕吐泻利腹痛等证。此亦因暑受寒，寒邪
在内，治以温中为主，加味五苓散，不应，理中汤。
阳暑者，藜藿之儿有之。常在烈日之中，坐于热地之上，澡浴寒涧之内。其证发热头痛，烦躁，大渴大汗，
脉洪滑，大便干结，小便赤痛者，白虎汤；脉虚，烦渴而少气者，人参白虎汤；若眩晕者，生脉散；兼吐泻者，
薷苓汤。
凡治暑证，最当辨其阴阳寒实。若外中热邪，内亦烦躁而热者，此表里俱热，方是阳证，治宜清补如前。
若脉虚无力，或为恶寒背寒，或为呕恶，或为腹痛泄泻，或四肢鼻尖微冷，或不喜凉茶冷水，或息促气短，
无力以动之类，皆阳中之阴证也。凡见此类，但当专顾元气，四君子为主治，或理中汤加芍药。若虚寒甚者，
则舍时令而从证，附桂在所必用，切不可因
暑热之名，而执用寒凉解暑，则祸不可胜言矣。
《黄帝内经》说：感受暑邪会出汗，心烦则气喘胸闷，安静时则多言，身体像燃烧的炭火一样烫，通过发汗可以使病邪散去。又说：正气盛而身体怕冷的，是得了伤寒；正气虚而身体发热的，是得了伤暑。婴儿患病，在夏秋季节尤为严重，因为火气和土气在长夏时节旺盛，此时金（肺）和水（肾）容易受伤。小儿阳气稚嫩、阴液微弱，已经失去了阴阳调和的状态，再加上暑热侵袭，阳气浮越于体表，生冷食物损伤于体内，夏季未能正常滋养身体，导致不能生养肺气而患暑病。然而，有直接因中暑而发病的，也有因暑天环境而致病的，虽然病症表现不同，但总归都与暑有关。因此，暑病分为阴证和阳证两种：即阴暑和阳暑。治疗方法截然不同，如同冰与炭的区别，不可不加以辨别。
所谓阴暑，是因为在暑天感受了寒邪。凡是那些生活优渥的孩童，因为害怕暑热而贪恋凉爽，不注意避寒，或者居住在深堂广厦之中，或在忽冷忽热的天气里，穿衣盖被不慎，导致寒邪侵袭肌表。其症状表现为头痛、无汗、怕冷，身体拘紧急迫，四肢酸痛。这是因为在暑月感受了寒邪，虽然名叫阴暑，实际上就是伤寒。治疗应当采用温散的方法，可用五积散或清暑益气汤。如果不恶寒而是发热，用人参白虎汤；热退之后，用调元生脉散进行补益。
又有因为饮食不慎，过量食用生冷瓜果、凉茶冷水，导致寒凉之邪损伤脏腑，从而出现呕吐、腹泻、腹痛等症状。这也是因暑天受寒，寒邪在体内，治疗以温中为主，可用加味五苓散，如果无效，再用理中汤。
所谓阳暑，多见于平民百姓家的孩子。他们常在烈日下暴晒，坐在滚烫的地面上，或在寒冷的溪涧中洗澡。其症状表现为发热、头痛、烦躁、极度口渴、大汗淋漓，脉象洪大滑数，大便干结，小便赤涩疼痛的，用白虎汤；脉象虚弱，烦渴且气短的，用人参白虎汤；如果出现眩晕，用生脉散；如果兼有呕吐腹泻，用薷苓汤。
凡治疗暑病，最应当辨别其阴阳及寒实性质。如果是外感热邪，内部也烦躁发热，这是表里俱热，才是阳证，治疗宜用清补法，如前所述。如果脉象虚弱无力，或者出现怕冷、背部发冷，或者呕吐恶心，或者腹痛泄泻，或者四肢和鼻尖微微发冷，或者不喜欢喝凉茶冷水，或者呼吸急促、气短，没有力气活动等情况，都属于阳证中的阴证。凡是见到这类情况，只应当专门顾护元气，以四君子汤为主要治疗方剂，或者用理中汤加芍药。如果虚寒非常严重，则应舍弃时令因素而顺从证候，附子、肉桂在所必用，切不可因为“暑热”这个名称，就固执地使用寒凉药物来解暑，那样造成的祸害将不堪设想。
The *Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic* states: "Contracting heat from summer leads to sweating; if vexed, there is panting and chest fullness; if quiet, there is excessive talking. The body feels like burning charcoal, but the pathogen disperses through sweating." It also states: "When Qi is abundant but the body feels cold, it is contracted as Cold Damage (Shanghan); when Qi is deficient but the body feels hot, it is contracted as Summerheat Injury (Shangshu)." Infants suffer more severely during summer and autumn. This is because Fire and Earth energies are prosperous in late summer, causing injury to Metal (Lung) and Water (Kidney). With tender Yang and weak Yin, harmony of Heaven and Human is already lost. Added to this is summerheat, causing Yang Qi to float on the exterior, while raw and cold foods damage the interior. Failure to nourish properly in summer prevents the generation of Metal (Lung), leading to summerheat disease. However, some fall ill directly from summerheat, while others become ill due to the summer environment. Although the manifestations differ, all stem from summerheat. Therefore, summerheat diseases are divided into two syndromes: Yin Summerheat and Yang Summerheat. Treatments are as different as ice and charcoal, and must be distinguished carefully.
Yin Summerheat refers to contracting cold pathogens during summer. Children from affluent families, fearing heat and seeking coolness, fail to avoid cold. They may dwell in deep halls or wide mansions, or dress inadequately during fluctuating temperatures, allowing cold pathogens to invade the muscle-surface. Symptoms include headache, absence of sweating, aversion to cold, bodily stiffness and urgency, and soreness/pain in the four limbs. Since cold is contracted during the summer month, although named Yin Summerheat, it is essentially Cold Damage (Shanghan). Treatment should employ warming and dispersing methods, such as Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) or Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Summerheat-Resolving and Qi-Nourishing Decoction). If there is no aversion to cold but rather fever, Renshen Baizhu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction) is used; after the fever subsides, Tiaoyuan Shengmai San (Regulate Origin and Generate Pulse Powder) is used for tonification.
Others may suffer from improper diet, overeating raw fruits, melons, cool tea, or cold water, causing cold-cold pathogens to injure the Zang organs, resulting in symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. This is also due to contracting cold in summer, with cold pathogens residing internally. Treatment focuses on warming the middle Jiao, using Jiawei Wuling San (Modified Five-Ling Powder); if ineffective, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is used.
Yang Summerheat often affects children from humble backgrounds. They may sit exposed to scorching sun, lie on hot ground, or bathe in cold mountain streams. Symptoms include fever, headache, restlessness/vexation, extreme thirst, profuse sweating, a surging and slippery pulse, dry and constipated stool, and red, painful urination. For these, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is indicated. If the pulse is deficient, accompanied by vexation/thirst and shortness of breath, Renshen Baizhu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction) is used. If dizziness occurs, Shengmai San (Generate Pulse Powder) is used. If accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, Ruiling Tang (Agastache and Poria Decoction) is used.
In treating summerheat diseases, one must primarily distinguish between Yin/Yang and Cold/Excess patterns. If external heat pathogens invade and internal restlessness/heat exists, this is Heat in both Exterior and Interior, constituting a Yang syndrome. Treatment should employ clearing and tonifying methods as described above. If the pulse is deficient and forceless, or if there is aversion to cold/back cold, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain/diarrhea, slight coldness in the four limbs and nasal tip, dislike for cool drinks, rapid breathing/shortness of breath, or general weakness/lack of movement, these belong to the Yin pattern within a Yang context. In such cases, one must focus solely on protecting Yuan Qi (Original Qi), using Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) as the primary treatment, or Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) with added Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba). If deficiency-cold is severe, one must set aside seasonal considerations and follow the syndrome; Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) and Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) are essential. One must absolutely not rigidly use cold-cooling herbs for "summerheat" merely based on the name, as the resulting disaster would be incalculable.