总括
癖疾一证，乃过于饮食，肠胃填满，浊汁外溢，复被寒气凝结而成。每在左胁之下，始如鸡卵，渐如覆盆之形，越
脐则难治。身体潮热，喜饮冷水，肌肤消瘦，腹满有硬块，面色黄青也。治者宜详察之。
证治
癖疾之发，必午后潮热，渴饮冷水，肚大青筋，渐至坚硬成块，不时疼痛，内服千金消癖丸。若无热渴者，先以木
香丸治之。外俱贴红花膏，则内外兼治，效最灵也。
总括
汗乃人之津液，存于阳者为津，存于阴者为液，泄于外者为汗。若汗无故而出者，乃阴阳偏胜也。如小儿无因而汗
自出者，谓之自汗。自汗属阳，有虚实之别。有因胃热者，汗出蒸蒸，发热不恶寒也。有表虚者，汗出翕翕，发热恶寒
也。又有睡中出汗，觉则汗止，为之盗汗。盗汗为之阴弱，然当分心虚不固，心火伤阴，有血热不清。治者必须表虚者，
当固表；里实者，当攻热；心虚当补心；心热当凉血。随证医之，庶无差谬。
自汗
虚 ，表 自汗，玉屏风散主之。若恶寒冷，用桂枝汤加附子。阳明里实，蒸蒸自汗，用白虎汤清之。便秘用调胃
承气汤攻之。
盗汗
心虚盗汗者，阴气不敛也。睡则多惊，以酸枣仁汤服之即宁。如心火伤阴，身必烦热，以当归六黄汤必定奏功。
总括
凡失血之证，阳盛乘阴，则血为热迫，不能安于脉中，犯于气分妄行，不能归入经脉也。若伤及腑者，则血渗入肠
胃之浊道，伤及于脏者，则溢出于胸中之清道。热犯阳络，腑病也，上行于咽，出而为吐为衄。热侵阴络，脏病也，则
下从精窍而出，为溺血，下从大便而出为红。又有努伤劳伤，而成血病。若日久血上，仍嗽不休者，势多凶危也。
衄血
衄血之候，鼻中干燥，身热不渴，而苦头疼，是热伤阳络也。有因伤寒失表者，当分有汗无汗之别。如热郁于营，
其身无汗，用麻黄汤汗之。身有汗者，用桂枝汤治之。设无表病，因内热而衄者，用犀角地黄汤清之。热盛者，四物三
黄泻心汤泻之，外用发灰散，或栀子末吹鼻，其衄自止。
吐血
小儿吐血，不咳嗽者，多因内热，致血妄行上逆也，宜用犀角地黄汤。如因努力劳伤而吐，则兼咳嗽，先用桃仁承
气汤破之，次用加味四物汤尝之。又劳伤吐血，亦兼咳嗽，痰中带血有热者，用鸡苏散止之。无热者，须用加味救肺散
为良。
便血
小儿恣食肥甘，致生内热，伤及阴络，病即便血。一成脏毒，先血后粪，其血黯而浊。如成肠风，先粪后血，其色
鲜而红。须辨肠风，腹中不痛；脏毒，肛门肿痛。又热盛湿盛，亦要分明。如脏毒初起，肿痛甚者，初宜皂刺大黄汤消
之即宁，热盛微痛者及脏毒，俱宜槐花散主之。湿盛不痛者，用平胃地榆汤再灵。便血日久，脉微气血弱者，用升阳和
血汤和之，共人参养荣汤补之。
溺血
溺血多缘精窍病，乃尿与血，先后分出，茎中或痛，用牛膝四物汤调治，急宜煎服，效从容也。
总括
癖疾这一病症，是由于饮食过量，导致肠胃充满，浑浊的津液外溢，再加上寒气凝结而形成的。肿块通常位于左胁下，起初像鸡蛋大小，逐渐变成倒扣盆子的形状，如果蔓延超过肚脐则难以治疗。患者身体出现潮热，喜欢喝冷水，肌肤消瘦，腹部胀满且有硬块，面色黄中带青。治疗者应当仔细诊察。
证治
癖疾发作时，必定在午后出现潮热，口渴想喝冷水，肚子大且青筋暴露，逐渐变得坚硬形成肿块，不时感到疼痛。内服千金消癖丸。如果没有发热和口渴症状的，先用木香丸治疗。外部都贴敷红花膏，这样内外兼治，效果最为灵验。
总括
汗是人的津液，存在于阳分的是津，存在于阴分的是液，排泄到体外的称为汗。如果汗液无故流出，是因为阴阳偏盛所致。比如小儿没有原因而自然出汗，称为自汗。自汗属于阳证，有虚证和实证的区别。有的因为胃热，汗出如蒸，发热但不怕冷。有的因为表虚，汗出淋漓，发热且怕冷。还有睡着时出汗，醒来后汗止，称为盗汗。盗汗属于阴分虚弱，但应当区分是心气虚不能固摄，还是心火损伤阴液，或是血热不清。治疗者必须针对表虚者，应当固护肌表；里实者，应当攻逐热邪；心虚者，应当补益心脏；心热者，应当凉血。根据证候进行治疗，才不会出错。
自汗
虚证、表虚导致的自汗，以玉屏风散为主方。如果怕冷，用桂枝汤加附子。阳明经里实，蒸蒸自汗，用白虎汤清解。便秘的用调胃承气汤攻下。
盗汗
心气虚导致的盗汗，是阴气不能收敛。睡觉时容易受惊，服用酸枣仁汤即可安宁。如果是心火损伤阴液，身体必然烦热，服用当归六黄汤必定见效。
总括
凡是失血的病症，阳气盛而乘袭阴分，血液被热邪逼迫，不能安守于脉中，侵犯气分妄行，不能回归经脉。如果伤及腑，则血液渗入肠胃的浊道；伤及脏，则溢出胸中的清道。热邪侵犯阳络，属于腑病，血液上行至咽喉，吐出或鼻出血。热邪侵入阴络，属于脏病，则从尿道排出为尿血，从大便排出为便血。又有因用力努责或劳损而形成的血病。如果日久血上逆，仍然咳嗽不止，病情多凶险危急。
衄血
衄血的症状，鼻子干燥，身体发热但不口渴，且痛苦于头痛，这是热邪损伤阳络。有的因为伤寒失去解表治疗，应当区分有汗和无汗的情况。如果热郁在营分，身体无汗，用麻黄汤发汗。身体有汗的，用桂枝汤治疗。假设没有表证，因为内热而鼻出血的，用犀角地黄汤清解。热盛的，用四物三黄泻心汤泻火，外用发灰散，或用栀子末吹入鼻腔，鼻血自止。
吐血
小儿吐血，不咳嗽的，多因内热，导致血液妄行上逆，宜用犀角地黄汤。如果是因努力劳损而吐血，则兼有咳嗽，先用桃仁承气汤破瘀，次用加味四物汤尝试调理。又是劳损吐血，也兼有咳嗽，痰中带血有热的，用鸡苏散止血。无热的，须用加味救肺散为好。
便血
小儿恣意食用肥甘厚味，导致产生内热，伤及阴络，病发即为便血。一旦形成脏毒，先出血后排便，血色暗浊。如果形成肠风，先排便后出血，血色鲜红。必须辨别肠风和脏毒：肠风腹中不痛；脏毒肛门肿痛。又要分清热盛和湿盛。如脏毒初起，肿痛严重的，初期宜用皂刺大黄汤消散即能安宁，热盛微痛的以及脏毒，都宜用槐花散主治。湿盛不痛的，用平胃地榆汤再服更灵验。便血日久，脉微弱气血虚弱的，用升阳和血汤调和，配合人参养荣汤补益。
General Overview
Pi disease (masses in the hypochondrium) is a condition caused by excessive diet, leading to fullness of the intestines and stomach, overflow of turbid fluids, and subsequent coagulation due to cold pathogen. The mass typically appears under the left hypochondrium, initially the size of a chicken egg, gradually resembling an inverted basin; if it extends beyond the umbilicus, it becomes difficult to treat. Symptoms include tidal fever, preference for cold water, emaciation, abdominal distension with hard masses, and a yellowish-green complexion. Practitioners should examine carefully.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Onset of Pi disease invariably features afternoon tidal fever, thirst for cold water, abdominal distension with visible subcutaneous veins, gradual hardening into a mass, and intermittent pain. Internally administer Qianjin Xiaopi Wan (Thousand-Gold Pill for Dissolving Masses). In cases without heat or thirst, first treat with Muxiang Wan (Aucklandia Pill). Externally apply Honghua Gao (Safflower Ointment); combining internal and external treatments yields the most effective results.
General Overview
Sweat is the body's fluid; that residing in the Yang aspect is Jin (thin fluid), while that in the Yin aspect is Ye (thick fluid); what exudes outward is called sweat. Spontaneous sweating without cause indicates an imbalance of Yin and Yang. In children, spontaneous sweating without apparent trigger is termed Zihan (spontaneous sweating). This belongs to Yang syndromes and differentiates into deficiency and excess. Gastric heat causes profuse sweating like steaming, with fever but no aversion to cold. Exterior deficiency causes dripping sweat, with fever and aversion to cold. Sweating during sleep that ceases upon waking is called Daohan (night sweats). Night sweats indicate Yin deficiency, yet one must distinguish between Heart Qi deficiency failing to secure, Heart Fire injuring Yin, or unclified blood-heat. Treatment requires securing the exterior for exterior deficiency, purging heat for interior excess, tonifying the Heart for Heart deficiency, and cooling blood for Heart heat. Treating according to the syndrome prevents error.
Spontaneous Sweating
For deficiency-type, exterior-deficiency spontaneous sweating, Yupingfeng San (Jade Windscreen Powder) is the principal formula. If accompanied by aversion to cold, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with added Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). For Yangming interior excess with steaming spontaneous sweating, use Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) to clear heat. For constipation, use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction) to purge.
Night Sweats
Heart deficiency causing night sweats results from failure of Yin Qi to consolidate. Restlessness during sleep is calmed by Suanzaoren Tang (Ziziphus Seed Decoction). If Heart Fire injures Yin, resulting in vexation and heat, Danggui Liuhuang Tang (Angelica Hexapartite Decoction) will certainly be effective.
General Overview
In all hemorrhagic syndromes, excess Yang attacks Yin, forcing blood out of the vessels due to heat, causing it to move recklessly in the Qi level rather than returning to the meridians. Injury to the Fu organs allows blood to seep into the turbid pathways of the intestines and stomach; injury to the Zang organs causes overflow into the clear pathways of the chest. Heat invading the Yang collaterals indicates Fu organ pathology, with blood ascending to the throat, manifesting as vomiting or epistaxis. Heat invading the Yin collaterals indicates Zang organ pathology, with blood exiting via the essence orifice as hematuria, or via the large intestine as melena/hematochezia. Hemorrhage may also result from strain or overexertion. If blood regurgitates over a long period with persistent cough, the prognosis is often critical.
Epistaxis
Symptoms of epistaxis include nasal dryness, fever without thirst, and headache, indicating heat damaging the Yang collaterals. Some cases arise from neglected Taiyang cold damage; differentiate based on presence or absence of sweating. If heat stagnates in the Ying level with no sweat, use Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) to induce sweating. If sweat is present, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). If there is no exterior syndrome but epistaxis stems from interior heat, use Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) to clear heat. For severe heat, use Siwu Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (Four Substances, Three Yellows, and Heart-Purging Decoction) to drain fire. Externally, apply Fahui San (Hair Ash Powder) or insufflate Zhizi Mo (Gardenia Powder) into the nose to stop bleeding.
Hematemesis
Pediatric hematemesis without cough is mostly due to interior heat causing reckless upward rebellion of blood; use Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rehmannia Decoction). If caused by physical strain with accompanying cough, first use Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel and Rhubarb Decoction) to break stasis, followed by Jiawei Siwu Tang (Modified Four Substances Decoction). Strain-induced hematemesis with cough and blood-streaked sputum with heat is stopped using Jisu San (Elsholtzia Powder). Without heat, Jiawei Jiufei San (Modified Lung-Nourishing Powder) is preferred.
Hematochezia
Children consuming excessive rich and sweet foods generate interior heat, damaging Yin collaterals, resulting in hematochezia. If forming Zangdu (visceral toxin), blood precedes stool, appearing dark and turbid. If forming Changfeng (intestinal wind), stool precedes blood, appearing bright red. Differentiate Changfeng (abdominal pain absent) from Zangdu (anal swelling and pain). Distinguish between excess heat and excess dampness. For early-stage Zangdu with severe swelling and pain, Zaoci Dahuang Tang (Halogeton and Rhubarb Decoction) dissipates the condition initially. For mild pain or general Zangdu with excess heat, Huaihua San (Sophora Powder) is indicated. For excess dampness without pain, Pingwei Diyue Tang (Stomach-Calming and Sanguisorba Decoction) is effective. For chronic hematochezia with weak pulse and Qi/Blood deficiency, Shengyang Hexue Tang (Raise Yang and Harmonize Blood Decoction) harmonizes, combined with Renshen Yangrong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing Vigor Decoction) to tonify.
Hematuria
Hematuria often originates from pathology of the essence orifice, where urine and blood are discharged separately, possibly with penile pain. Treat with Niuxi Siwu Tang (Achyranthes Four Substances Decoction); urgent decoction and administration yield prompt results.