总括
小儿腹痛，有四证焉。如食痛、寒痛、虫痛等因，又有停食感寒，相兼而痛也。须随证施治，寒则温中，食则消导，
虫则安虫，停食感寒，则消散。宜详辨分明，其痛自除矣。
食痛
食痛者，皆因伤于饮食，积滞不化，以致心胃作痛。其候食入即痛，喜饮凉水，恶食腹满，吐酸便秘，先以小承气
汤下之。若下后仍痛者，以香砂平胃散酌量尝之。
寒痛
寒痛者，多因小儿中气虚弱，复为风冷所乘，则脾经受寒，故不时腹痛。现证尿白爪甲俱白，面色青，喜饮热，腹
满，或下利，宜理中汤温之。若四肢厥冷，兼属少阴，加附子煎服。
虫痛
虫痛者，因腹中虫动不安，故腹因作痛。其候面色乍青，乍赤，乍白，其痛时痛时止，时吐清涎。不可妄用攻下，
当以安虫为主，其痛自止。新痛者，钱氏安虫丸主之；痛久不愈者，加减理中汤治之最合。
内食外寒腹痛
小儿内伤乳食，外感寒邪，遂致食寒凝结，腹中作痛。其候发热恶寒，腹痛，更兼恶食呕吐，而多啼叫不已者，以
藿香和中汤可急煎服。
总括
黄疽一证，乃湿热郁蒸日久，外发肌肤而成也。其候遍身皆黄，及面目眼睛，亦甚深黄，面如烟熏之状。其中又
有阴阳之别∶如阳黄尿赤色亮，面红口渴，身多发热是也，乃脾家湿热之故；如阴黄，口不渴而色暗黄，身冷如冰是也，
乃脾肾寒湿之故。医者宜分别施治。
阳黄
阳黄一证，原因湿热而成。如表实无汗，宜疏散其汗，用茵陈麻黄汤散发汗也，则黄从表解。如里实腹满，二便秘
涩者，宜茵陈蒿汤攻下之。若表有汗，里不便秘腹满，是表里无证，不可汗下，惟利小便，宜用茵陈五苓散治之，使黄
从水道出，其方最验。
阴黄
阴黄之证，最为危险，乃脾湿肾寒，两虚而成。宜温脾去黄，以茵陈理中汤治之；如温肾去黄，以茵陈四逆汤治之
最灵。
总括
小儿腹痛，主要有四种证型。例如食积痛、寒邪痛、虫积痛等原因，又有因停食兼感寒邪而共同导致疼痛的情况。必须根据具体证候进行治疗：寒证则温中散寒，食积证则消食导滞，虫积证则安蛔止痛，停食兼感寒邪则消散寒食。应当详细辨别清楚，疼痛自然就会消除。
食痛
食积痛，都是由于饮食损伤，食物积滞不化，导致心胃部位疼痛。其表现为进食后立即疼痛，喜欢喝凉水，厌恶进食且腹部胀满，呕吐酸水，大便秘结。先用小承气汤攻下。如果攻下后仍然疼痛，酌情服用香砂平胃散。
寒痛
寒邪痛，多因为小儿中气虚弱，又受到风冷侵袭，导致脾经受寒，所以不时出现腹痛。现症见小便色白、指甲苍白，面色发青，喜欢喝热水，腹部胀满，或者腹泻。宜用理中汤温中散寒。如果四肢厥冷，兼属少阴病证，加附子煎服。
虫痛
虫积痛，是因为腹中寄生虫躁动不安，所以腹部作痛。其表现为面色时而发青，时而发红，时而发白，疼痛时断时续，时常吐出清稀涎沫。不可妄用攻下法，应当以安蛔止痛为主，疼痛自然会停止。新发病的，由钱乙的安虫丸主治；疼痛日久不愈的，用加减理中汤治疗最为合适。
内伤乳食外感寒邪腹痛
小儿内伤乳食，外感寒邪，导致食积与寒邪凝结，在腹部产生疼痛。其表现为发热恶寒，腹痛，更兼厌恶进食、呕吐，并且哭闹不止。此时应紧急煎服藿香和中汤。
总括
黄疸这一证候，是由于湿热郁蒸日久，向外发散至肌肤而形成的。其表现为全身发黄，以及面目眼睛都呈现深黄色，面部像被烟熏过一样。其中又有阴黄和阳黄的区别：如阳黄，小便赤红颜色鲜亮，面红口渴，身体多有发热，这是脾家湿热的缘故；如阴黄，口不渴且面色暗黄，身体冰冷如冰，这是脾肾寒湿的缘故。医生应当分别施治。
阳黄
阳黄这一证候，原因是湿热形成。如表实证无汗，宜疏散发汗，使用茵陈麻黄汤散发汗液，则黄疸从体表解除。如里实证腹部胀满，大小便不通畅涩滞的，宜用茵陈蒿汤攻下。如果体表有汗，体内不便秘也不腹胀，这是表里均无实邪，不可发汗或攻下，只宜利小便，宜用茵陈五苓散治疗，使黄疸从小便排出，此方最为灵验。
阴黄
阴黄的证候，最为危险，是脾湿肾寒，两脏虚损共同形成的。宜温脾去黄，用茵陈理中汤治疗；如温肾去黄，用茵陈四逆汤治疗最为灵验。
General Overview
Pediatric abdominal pain mainly presents in four syndromes. These include food stagnation pain, cold pain, and parasitic pain, among others. There are also cases where retained food and contracted cold combine to cause pain. Treatment must be administered according to the specific syndrome: for cold syndromes, warm the middle; for food stagnation, digest and guide out stagnation; for parasitic infestation, calm the parasites; for combined retained food and contracted cold, dissipate both. Detailed differentiation is required, after which the pain will naturally subside.
Food Stagnation Pain
Food stagnation pain arises from dietary injury, where food accumulates and fails to transform, leading to pain in the heart and stomach. Symptoms include immediate pain upon eating, a preference for drinking cold water, aversion to food with abdominal fullness, vomiting of sour fluid, and constipation. Initially, Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) should be used to purge downward. If pain persists after purgation, Xiangsha Pingwei San (Aucklandia and Amomum Powder to Maintain the Stomach) should be taken in adjusted doses.
Cold Pain
Cold pain often occurs because a child's middle qi is deficient and subsequently invaded by wind-cold, causing the Spleen meridian to contract cold, resulting in intermittent abdominal pain. Clinical manifestations include white urine, pale nails, bluish complexion, a preference for hot drinks, abdominal fullness, or diarrhea. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) should be used to warm the interior. If there is coldness of the four limbs, indicating involvement of the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) syndrome, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) should be added to the decoction.
Parasitic Pain
Parasitic pain results from restless movement of intestinal parasites within the abdomen, causing abdominal pain. Symptoms include a complexion that alternates between bluish, reddish, and whitish; pain that comes and goes intermittently; and frequent spitting of clear saliva. Aggressive purgation should not be used recklessly; instead, the primary approach should be to calm the parasites, after which the pain will cease. For acute onset, Qian Shi's Anchong Wan (Money's Parasite-Calming Pill) is indicated. For chronic, persistent pain, Jiajian Lizhong Tang (Modified Regulate the Middle Decoction) is most appropriate.
Abdominal Pain due to Internal Food Injury and External Cold Contraction
When a child suffers internal dietary injury and external contraction of cold pathogens, food and cold condense together, causing abdominal pain. Symptoms include fever and aversion to cold, abdominal pain, aversion to food, vomiting, and incessant crying. Huoxiang Hezhong Tang (Agastache Decoction to Harmonize the Middle) should be prepared and administered urgently.
General Overview
Jaundice is a syndrome caused by damp-heat stagnating and steaming for a prolonged period, eventually manifesting on the skin. Symptoms include yellowing of the entire body, as well as the face, eyes, and sclera, appearing deeply yellow, with the facial complexion resembling smoke staining. There is a distinction between Yang Jaundice and Yin Jaundice: Yang Jaundice presents with dark red, bright urine, a red face, thirst, and frequent fever, caused by damp-heat in the Spleen. Yin Jaundice presents with no thirst, a dull yellow complexion, and a cold body like ice, caused by cold-dampness in the Spleen and Kidney. Physicians must differentiate and treat accordingly.
Yang Jaundice
Yang Jaundice is caused by damp-heat. If there is an exterior excess syndrome with no sweating, dispersing through sweating is indicated using Yinchen Mahuang Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Ephedra Decoction) to release the exterior, allowing the jaundice to resolve from the surface. If there is an interior excess syndrome with abdominal fullness and obstructed urination and defecation, Yinchenshao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Rhubarb Decoction) should be used to purge downward. If there is sweating on the exterior but no constipation or abdominal fullness internally, there is no exterior or interior excess syndrome; neither sweating nor purging should be used. Instead, promoting urination is indicated using Yinchen Wuling San (Artemisiae Scopariae and Five-Ingredient Poria Powder) to allow the jaundice to exit via the urinary pathway; this formula is highly effective.
Yin Jaundice
Yin Jaundice is the most dangerous syndrome, resulting from the dual deficiency of Spleen dampness and Kidney cold. To warm the Spleen and resolve jaundice, Yinchen Lizhong Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Regulate the Middle Decoction) should be used. To warm the Kidney and resolve jaundice, Yinchen Sini Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Counterflow Extremity Decoction) is most efficacious.