儿心若热跳。定然是着惊。热而不跳者。可知是风伤。虽冷又翻眼。应看是水惊。
潜 曰。医家看病。望闻问切。有此四法。然必以望为先。故推拿小儿。亦先有视法。
小儿初生。五官宜赤。耳目口鼻天庭。五官也。初生气血满足。其色纯赤。故曰赤子。若一门
山根。二门印堂。三门发际。有白气多夭。坎上坎下有黑气。是气血不足。见于口唇上下。亦主夭。
惟鼻梁上有骨筋。直上大天心。为补骨插天。寿而且贵。主一世无惊痫。
正口常红无疾。白虚黑危。人中黑腹痛有虫。点点黑吐痢。山根紫伤乳食。青多病。印堂黄白
吉。青红惊。额青惊红热。眉红夜啼烦躁。两眼黑睛黄伤寒。白睛黄伤食。
一视两目。目乃五脏精华所聚。遍身神气所种。最宜睛珠黑光满轮。精神明爽。长寿之相也。
虽有疾病。亦易痊愈。若白珠多。黑珠昏。或黄或小。此父母先天之气薄弱。禀受既亏。自多灾患。
二视囟门。此禀父精母血而成。充实逼仄。其儿必寿。若虚软不坚。多生疾病。至囟门不合。
名曰解颅。黑陷者必死。不必治。
三视形貌。凡口小鼻蜗。眉心促皱。皮肤涩滞。虽不夭而多病。若口大鼻端。眉清目秀。部位
相等。福寿之基也。
四视毛发。毛发受母血而实。故名血余。母血充实。儿发明色黑光润。母血虚弱。儿发黄枯。
定生疳痍之患。
五视耳门。小丁框双尖者主寿。单尖者必夭。若初生时。外视单尖。内按有双骨。随后长
起。亦自不妨。总之双尖框者。容或不寿。至单尖必不能长大。医家视此。决定存亡。
小儿如果心区跳动，一定是受了惊吓。发热但不跳动的，可知是风邪所伤。虽然身体发冷却又翻白眼，应当判断为水惊（因受惊吓或接触冷水等引起的惊厥）。
潜氏说：医生看病，有望、闻、问、切这四种诊法。然而必须以“望”为先。所以推拿治疗小儿时，也首先要有观察的方法。
小儿刚出生时，五官颜色应当红润。耳、目、口、鼻以及天庭（前额中央），都属于五官。刚出生时气血充盈，其面色纯红，所以称为“赤子”。如果山根（鼻梁根部）、印堂（两眉之间）、发际处出现白色气色，主夭折；坎上坎下（指人中上下区域）出现黑色气色，是气血不足的表现，见于口唇上下，也主夭折。只有鼻梁上有骨筋直通至天心穴（眉心上方），称为“补骨插天”，主长寿且尊贵，预示一生无惊痫之症。
嘴唇常红表示无病，苍白主虚证，发黑主危重。人中发黑主腹痛且有虫积，若有人中部位点点发黑，主呕吐或痢疾。山根发紫主乳食损伤，青色多主疾病。印堂黄白为吉兆，青红主惊风。额头青色主惊，红色主热。眉毛发红主夜间啼哭、烦躁。两眼黑睛发黄主伤寒，白睛发黄主伤食。
一视两目：眼睛是五脏精华汇聚之处，也是全身神气的寄托所在。最理想的是眼珠黑亮，黑白分明，精神明爽，这是长寿的相状。即使有病，也容易痊愈。如果白眼球多，黑眼球昏暗，或者瞳孔变小，这是父母先天之气薄弱，禀赋已亏，自然多灾多难。
二视囟门：囟门由父精母血构成，如果囟门充实饱满，孩子必定长寿。如果囟门虚软不坚，容易生疾病。如果囟门迟迟不合，名叫“解颅”（囟门迟闭）。囟门深陷者必死，不必治疗。
三视形貌：凡是嘴巴小、鼻子歪曲、眉心紧皱、皮肤粗糙滞涩的，虽然不一定夭折，但多病。如果嘴巴大、鼻子端正、眉清目秀、五官比例协调，这是福寿的基础。
四视毛发：毛发由母血滋养而生长，所以叫“血余”。如果母血充足，孩子的头发就会黑亮润泽；如果母血虚弱，孩子头发就会发黄枯槁，定会生出疳积疮癣之类的病患。
五视耳门：耳朵形状像小丁字框、双尖角的，主长寿。单尖角的，必主夭折。如果在初生时，外观看是单尖，但内按有双骨，随后长起来，也不妨碍长寿。总之，如果是双尖框形的耳朵，或许不能长寿；至于单尖的耳朵，一定不能长大成人。医生观察这一点，可以决定孩子的生死存亡。
If a child's heart area throbs, it is definitely due to fright. If there is fever but no throbbing, it can be known as injury by wind pathogen (Feng Shang). Although the body is cold and the eyes roll back, it should be viewed as water fright (Shui Jing).
Qian stated: When physicians examine patients, they use observation, listening/smelling, inquiry, and palpation. However, observation must come first. Therefore, when performing pediatric tuina, one must also prioritize observation methods.
When a newborn is born, the five sense organs should appear red. The ears, eyes, mouth, nose, and tianting (the center of the forehead) are considered the five sense organs. At birth, qi and blood are full, and their color is purely red; hence they are called "chi zi" (red children). If white qi appears at shangen (root of the nose), yintang (between the eyebrows), or the hairline, it indicates premature death. Black qi appearing above and below kan (referring to areas around the philtrum) indicates insufficient qi and blood; if seen above and below the lips, it also indicates premature death. Only if there is a bone tendon on the nasal bridge extending straight up to tianxin (above the glabella), termed "bu gu cha tian," does it indicate longevity and nobility, predicting no fright or epilepsy throughout life.
A constant red mouth indicates no disease; white indicates deficiency; black indicates critical condition. Blackness in the philtrum indicates abdominal pain and intestinal parasites; dotted blackness indicates vomiting or dysentery. Purple at shangen indicates milk or food injury; green indicates illness. Yellow and white at yintang are auspicious; green and red indicate fright-wind. Green forehead indicates fright; red forehead indicates heat. Red eyebrows indicate night crying and irritability. Yellow sclera indicates typhoid/febrile disease; yellow iris indicates food stagnation.
First, observe both eyes. The eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the five zang organs and the seed of divine spirit throughout the body. It is most favorable for the eyeballs to be black and lustrous with clear whites, showing bright spirit, which is a sign of longevity. Even if diseased, recovery will be easy. If the whites are excessive and the blacks are dim, or if the pupils are small, this indicates weak congenital qi from parents and deficient endowment, leading to many disasters and illnesses.
Second, observe the fontanelle. This is formed from father's essence and mother's blood. If full and tight, the child will surely live long. If soft and not firm, diseases will frequently occur. If the fontanelle fails to close, it is named "jie lu" (cranial suture delay). A sunken fontanelle indicates certain death and requires no treatment.
Third, observe the physique and appearance. Generally, a small mouth, crooked nose, furrowed brow between the eyebrows, and rough skin indicate that although not necessarily premature death, the child will suffer from many illnesses. Conversely, a large mouth, straight nose, clear eyebrows, beautiful eyes, and proportional features form the foundation of fortune and longevity.
Fourth, observe the hair. Hair is nourished by mother's blood and thus called "xue yu" (blood remainder). If mother's blood is sufficient, the child's hair will be black, shiny, and moist. If mother's blood is weak, the child's hair will be yellow and dry, inevitably leading to conditions like gan syndrome (malnutrition) and skin sores.
Fifth, observe the ear gates. Ears shaped like a small 'ding' frame with double tips indicate longevity. Single tips indicate premature death. If at birth the exterior shows single tips but interior palpation reveals double bones, which subsequently grow out, longevity is still possible. In summary, double-tip frames may not indicate longevity, while single tips certainly prevent growing up. Physicians observing this can determine survival or death.