枳实导滞汤 治伤湿热之物。痞闷不安。
枳实(炒。三钱) 白术(炒焦。五钱) 茯苓(三钱) 黄芩(酒炒。二钱) 黄连(姜汁
炒。三钱) 泽泻(炒。二钱) 大黄(酒蒸。一两)
神曲(炒。四钱) 生姜(三片)
水煎。食远服。 此枳术丸合三黄汤。而兼五苓之制。以祛湿热宿滞也。
木香化滞汤 治气食痞结。腹微痛。不思饮食。
半夏 甘草(炙。) 草豆蔻(研。各一钱) 柴胡 木香 橘皮(各六分) 枳实(炒)
当归(各四分) 红花(一分) 生姜(五片)
水煎。食远稍热服。
保和丸 治宿食酒积。
山楂肉(姜汁泡。二两) 半夏(姜汁。炒) 橘红(炒) 神曲(炒。便血。用红曲) 麦
(炒。去壳) 茯苓
连翘 莱菔子 黄连(姜汁炒。各五钱)
为末。水泛为丸。每服二钱。茶清送下。 本方加炒白术二两。名大安丸。 按保和丸、大安
丸中麦 伤肾。菔子伤肺胃之气。恐非丸剂所宜久服之品。当易枳实、香附子。功用不殊。而不致
伤犯先后天之真气也。
红丸子 治宿食冷积作胀。
荆三棱(炒) 蓬莪术(煨) 青皮(炒) 陈皮(炒) 干姜(炮。等分)
为末。陈酒曲糊丸。梧子大。矾红为衣。每服三十五丸。食前沸汤下。小儿量减。
葛花解酲汤 治伤酒呕吐胸痞。小便不利。
葛花 白豆蔻 砂仁(炒。各一钱) 青皮(炒) 神曲(炒) 泽泻 干姜(各五分)
白术(炒。八分) 人参 橘红 茯苓 猪苓(各四分) 木香(一分)
水煎服。但得微汗。则酒湿去矣。
按此虽本五苓、四君子。益入葛花、豆蔻等辛散之味。大损元气。世人不知。妄谓方中人参有
补益之功。恃此纵饮。是自伐其天也。
曲 丸 治酒积成癖。腹胁满痛。后便积沫。
神曲(炒) 麦 (炒。去壳。各一两) 黄连(半两。同巴豆七粒炒。去巴豆)
为末。水泛为丸。梧子大。每服五十丸。食前姜汤下。 酒积下白沫。加炮姜二钱。下鲜血。
倍黄连。下瘀血。加红曲一两。
塌气丸 治肝气乘脾腹胀。
胡椒(一两。) 蝎尾(去毒。滚醋泡去盐。炒香。半两)
为末。曲糊丸。粟米大。每服二三十丸。米饮下。
神保丸 治心胸腹胁胀痛。大便不通。宿食不消。
塌气丸加木香二钱五分。巴豆霜二分半。本方中胡椒用二钱五分。蝎用全者七枚。 为末。汤
浸蒸饼丸。麻子大。朱砂为衣。每服五丸。空心。姜汤、醋汤、砂糖汤任下。
酒 丸(局方) 治酒癖腹痛下积。遇酒即吐。
塌气丸去胡椒。加雄黄油煎。皂子大一枚。巴豆十五粒不去油。本方中蝎梢用十五枚不去毒。
为末。入白曲二两半。滴水丸如豌豆大。候稍干。入麸炒香。每服二三丸。温酒下。茶清亦可。
平胃散(方祖) 枳术丸(枳术汤下) 补中益气汤(保元汤下) 二陈汤(方祖) 芎
苏散(伤寒门)
藿香正气散(平胃散下) 小承气汤(方祖) 备急丸(方祖) 白散(备急丸下) 六君子
汤(四君子汤下)
七味白术散(四君子汤下) 九味资生丸(四君子汤下) 枳实理中汤(理中汤下) 连理汤(理
中汤下) 八味顺气散(四君子汤下)
五苓散(方祖) 独参汤(保元汤下) 四君子汤(方祖) 凉膈散(方祖) 钱氏六味丸
(崔氏八味丸下)
枳实导滞汤:治疗因食用湿热之物导致的伤食。症状表现为胸脘痞闷、心中不安。
处方组成:枳实(炒制,三钱)、白术(炒至焦黄,五钱)、茯苓(三钱)、黄芩(酒炒,二钱)、黄连(姜汁炒,三钱)、泽泻(炒制,二钱)、大黄(酒蒸,一两)、神曲(炒制,四钱)、生姜(三片)。
煎服方法:加水煎煮,饭后较长时间服用。
方解:此方是枳术丸与三黄汤的合方,并兼有五苓散的制法,旨在祛除体内的湿热和积滞。
木香化滞汤:治疗气机阻滞与食积互结导致的痞块,腹部轻微疼痛,不思饮食。
处方组成:半夏、甘草(炙制)、草豆蔻(研碎,各一钱)、柴胡、木香、橘皮(各六分)、枳实(炒制)、当归(各四分)、红花(一分)、生姜(五片)。
煎服方法:加水煎煮,饭后较长时间,稍温热时服用。
保和丸:治疗宿食停滞及酒积。
处方组成:山楂肉(姜汁浸泡,二两)、半夏(姜汁炒)、橘红(炒制)、神曲(炒制,若大便出血则用红曲代替)、麦芽(炒制,去壳)、茯苓、连翘、莱菔子、黄连(姜汁炒,各五钱)。
制作与服用方法:研为细末,用水泛制成丸剂。每次服用二钱,用清茶送服。
加减法:本方加入炒白术二两,名为大安丸。
按语:在保和丸和大安丸中,麦芽可能损伤肾气,莱菔子可能损伤肺胃之气,恐怕不适合长期作为丸剂服用。应当改用枳实和香附子,功效相似,且不会损伤先后天的真气。
红丸子:治疗宿食冷积引起的腹胀。
处方组成:荆三棱(炒制)、蓬莪术(煨制)、青皮(炒制)、陈皮(炒制)、干姜(炮制,等分)。
制作与服用方法:研为细末,用陈年酒曲制成的糊状物泛丸,大小如梧桐子,以矾红为衣。每次服用三十五丸,饭前用沸水送下。小儿用量酌情减少。
葛花解酲汤:治疗饮酒过量导致的呕吐、胸中痞闷、小便不利。
处方组成:葛花、白豆蔻、砂仁(炒制,各一钱)、青皮(炒制)、神曲(炒制)、泽泻、干姜(各五分)、白术(炒制,八分)、人参、橘红、茯苓、猪苓(各四分)、木香(一分)。
煎服方法:加水煎煮。只要微微出汗,酒湿即可去除。
按语:此方虽然基于五苓散和四君子汤,但加入了葛花、豆蔻等辛散之品,会大大损耗元气。世人不知此理,妄称方中的人参有补益作用,因此依赖此方而纵情饮酒,这是自我残害天年的行为。
曲丸:治疗酒积形成的癖块,腹胁部胀满疼痛,大便排出白色泡沫状物质。
处方组成:神曲(炒制)、麦芽(炒制,去壳,各一两)、黄连(半两,与巴豆七粒同炒,然后去掉巴豆)。
制作与服用方法:研为细末,用水泛制成丸,大小如梧桐子。每次服用五十丸,饭前用姜汤送下。
加减法:若酒积导致大便下白沫,加炮姜二钱;若下鲜血,加倍使用黄连;若下瘀血,加红曲一两。
塌气丸:治疗肝气乘脾导致的腹胀。
处方组成:胡椒(一两)、蝎尾(去毒,用滚醋浸泡去盐,炒香,半两)。
制作与服用方法:研为细末,用曲糊泛丸,大小如粟米。每次服用二三十丸,用米饮送下。
神保丸:治疗心胸腹胁胀痛,大便不通,宿食不消。
处方组成:在塌气丸基础上加木香二钱五分、巴豆霜二分半。本方中胡椒用量为二钱五分,蝎子用全虫七枚。
制作与服用方法:研为细末,用汤浸过的蒸饼泛丸,大小如麻子,以朱砂为衣。每次服用五丸,空腹时,可随意选用姜汤、醋汤或砂糖汤送下。
酒丸(出自《局方》):治疗酒癖引起的腹痛及排泄积滞,遇酒即吐。
处方组成:在塌气丸基础上去掉胡椒,加入雄黄油煎制的皂角子一枚,以及不去油的巴豆十五粒。本方中蝎梢用十五枚,不去毒。
制作与服用方法:研为细末,加入白曲二两半,滴水泛丸如豌豆大。待稍微干燥后,放入麸皮中炒香。每次服用二三丸,用温酒送下,也可用茶清送服。
以下列出相关方剂的出处或关联方剂:
平胃散(方祖)、枳术丸(枳术汤下)、补中益气汤(保元汤下)、二陈汤(方祖)、芎苏散(伤寒门)、藿香正气散(平胃散下)、小承气汤(方祖)、备急丸(方祖)、白散(备急丸下)、六君子汤(四君子汤下)、七味白术散(四君子汤下)、九味资生丸(四君子汤下)、枳实理中汤(理中汤下)、连理汤(理中汤下)、八味顺气散(四君子汤下)、五苓散(方祖)、独参汤(保元汤下)、四君子汤(方祖)、凉膈散(方祖)、钱氏六味丸(崔氏八味丸下)。
Zhishi Daozhi Decoction: Treats food injury caused by consuming damp-heat inducing substances. Symptoms include chest and epigastric fullness, stagnation, and restlessness.
Ingredients: Zhishi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) (stir-fried, 3 qian), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (stir-fried until scorched, 5 qian), Fuling (Poria) (3 qian), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae) (wine-stir-fried, 2 qian), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) (ginger juice-stir-fried, 3 qian), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis) (stir-fried, 2 qian), Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) (wine-steamed, 1 liang), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) (stir-fried, 4 qian), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) (3 slices).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water. Take well after meals.
Formula Analysis: This formula combines Zhizhu Wan (Atractylodes Macrocephala and Bitter Orange Pill) with Sanhuang Tang (Three Yellows Decoction), incorporating the principles of Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Its purpose is to dispel damp-heat and old stagnation.
Muxiang Huazhi Decoction: Treats qi stagnation and food accumulation forming a mass, slight abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
Ingredients: Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (honey-fried), Caodoukou (Semen Amomi Tsaoko) (crushed, 1 qian each), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Jupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) (6 fen each), Zhishi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) (stir-fried), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) (4 fen each), Honghua (Flos Carthami) (1 fen), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) (5 slices).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water. Take slightly warm, well after meals.
Baohe Wan (Harmony-Preserving Pill): Treats retained food and alcohol accumulation.
Ingredients: Shanzha Rou (Sarcotesta Crataegi) (soaked in ginger juice, 2 liang), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum) (ginger juice-stir-fried), Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum) (stir-fried), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) (stir-fried; use Hongqu if there is blood in stool), Maiya (Frumentum Germinatum Hordeum) (stir-fried, husked), Fuling (Poria), Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae), Laifuzi (Semen Raphani), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) (ginger juice-stir-fried, 5 qian each).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Form pills using water as a binder. Take 2 qian per dose, washed down with clear tea.
Modification: Adding 2 liang of stir-fried Baizhu to this formula creates Da'an Wan (Great Peace Pill).
Note: In Baohe Wan and Da'an Wan, Maiya may damage Kidney Qi, and Laifuzi may damage Lung and Stomach Qi. These are likely unsuitable for long-term use in pill form. It is advisable to substitute Zhishi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) and Xiangfuzi (Rhizoma Cyperi) instead, which have similar efficacy without damaging the primordial Qi of the congenital and acquired foundations.
Hongwanzi (Red Pill): Treats abdominal distension caused by cold retention from old food.
Ingredients: Jingsanleng (Rhizoma Sparganii), Peng'Ezhu (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) (baked), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) (stir-fried), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) (stir-fried), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum) (processed, equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Form pills using paste made from aged wine yeast. Size of Sophora japonica seeds. Coat with alum-red. Take 35 pills per dose before meals, washed down with boiling water. Reduce dosage for children.
Gehua Jieying Tang (Kudzu Flower Decoction for Relieving Intoxication): Treats vomiting, chest fullness, and dysuria caused by alcohol injury.
Ingredients: Gehua (Flos Kudzu), Baidoukou (Semen Amomi Tsaoko), Sharen (Semen Amomi Rotundus) (stir-fried, 1 qian each), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride) (stir-fried), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) (stir-fried), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum) (5 fen each), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (stir-fried, 8 fen), Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum), Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus) (4 fen each), Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae) (1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water. As long as a slight sweat is induced, the dampness of alcohol will be expelled.
Note: Although based on Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) and Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), the addition of pungent and dispersing herbs like Gehua (Flos Kudzu) and Doukou (Semen Amomi Tsaoko) significantly depletes Yuan Qi (Primal Qi). People are unaware of this and mistakenly believe that Renshen (Radix Ginseng) in the formula provides tonification, leading them to drink excessively relying on it. This is essentially self-destruction of one's natural lifespan.
Quwan (Yeast Pill): Treats alcohol accumulation forming masses, fullness and pain in the abdomen and hypochondrium, and passage of white frothy stools.
Ingredients: Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) (stir-fried), Maiya (Frumentum Germinatum Hordeum) (stir-fried, husked, 1 liang each), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) (0.5 liang, stir-fried together with 7 seeds of Badou, then discard Badou).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Form pills using water as a binder. Size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 50 pills per dose before meals, washed down with ginger soup.
Modifications: If alcohol accumulation causes passage of white froth, add 2 qian of Paogjiang (Processed Ginger); if passing fresh blood, double the amount of Huanglian; if passing dark clotted blood, add 1 liang of Hongqu.
Taqi Wan (Qi-Sinking Pill): Treats abdominal distension caused by Liver Qi invading the Spleen.
Ingredients: Hujiao (Fructus Piperis Nigris) (1 liang), Xiwei (Cauda Scorpio) (remove toxicity, soak in boiling vinegar to remove salt, stir-fry until fragrant, 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Form pills using yeast paste. Size of millet grains. Take 20-30 pills per dose, washed down with rice water.
Shenbao Wan (Spirit-Preserving Pill): Treats distending pain in the chest, heart, abdomen, and hypochondrium, constipation, and indigestion of retained food.
Ingredients: Based on Taqi Wan, add 2.5 qian of Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae) and 0.5 fen of Badoushuang (Powdered Semen Crotonis). Use 2.5 qian of Hujiao (Fructus Piperis Nigris) and 7 whole Xies (Scorpio) in this formula.
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Form pills using steamed wheat cake soaked in decoction. Size of hemp seeds. Coat with Zhusha (Cinnabar). Take 5 pills per dose on an empty stomach. Wash down with ginger soup, vinegar soup, or sugar water at will.
Jiuwan (Alcohol Pill) (from *Ju Fang*): Treats abdominal pain and discharge of accumulation due to alcohol masses, vomiting upon encountering alcohol.
Ingredients: Based on Taqi Wan, remove Hujiao (Fructus Piperis Nigris). Add 1 Suozaozi (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis) fried with Xionghuang (Realgar), and 15 seeds of Badou (Semen Crotonis) retaining the oil. Use 15 Xi Shao (Cauda Scorpio) retaining toxicity in this formula.
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Add 2.5 liang of Baiqu (White Yeast). Form pills using drops of water, size of pea seeds. Allow to dry slightly, then stir-fry with bran until fragrant. Take 2-3 pills per dose, washed down with warm wine. Clear tea is also acceptable.
References to related formulas:
Pingwei San (Root Formula), Zhizhu Wan (under Zhizhu Tang), Buzhong Yiqi Tang (under Baoyuan Tang), Erchen Tang (Root Formula), Xiong Su San (under Shanghan Section), Huoxiang Zhengqi San (under Pingwei San), Xiao Chengqi Tang (Root Formula), Beijji Wan (Root Formula), Baisan (under Beijji Wan), Liujunzi Tang (under Sijunzi Tang), Qiwei Baizhu San (under Sijunzi Tang), Jiwei Zisheng Wan (under Sijunzi Tang), Zhishi Lizhong Tang (under Lizhong Tang), Lianli Tang (under Lizhong Tang), Bawei Shunqi San (under Sijunzi Tang), Wuling San (Root Formula), Dushen Tang (under Baoyuan Tang), Sijunzi Tang (Root Formula), Liangge San (Root Formula), Qianshi Liuwei Wan (under Cuishi Bawei Wan).