一、固方之制。固其泄也。如久嗽为喘而气泄于上者。宜固其肺。久遗成淋而精脱于下者。宜固
其肾。小水不禁者。宜固其膀胱。大便不禁者。宜固其肠脏。汗泄不止者。宜固其皮毛。血泄不止者。
宜固其营冲。凡因寒而泄者。当固之以热。因热而泄者。当固之以寒。总之在上者在表者。皆宜固气。
气主在肺也。在下者在里者。皆宜固精。精主在肾也。然虚者可固。实者不可固。久者可固。
暴者不可固。当固不固。则沧海亦将竭。不当固而固。则闭门延寇也。二者俱当详酌之。
一、因方之制。因其可因者也。凡病有相同者。皆可按证而用之。是谓因方。如痈毒之起。
肿可敷也。蛇虫之患。毒可解也。汤火伤其肌肤。热可散也。跌扑伤其筋骨。断可续也。凡此之类。
皆因证而可药者也。然因中有不可因者。又在乎证同而因不同耳。盖人之虚实寒热。各有不齐。
表里阴阳。治当分类。故有宜乎此而不宜乎彼者。有同于表而不同于里者。所以病虽相类而但涉内伤者。
盒饭于血气中酌其可否之因。不可谓因方之类尽可因之而用也。因之为
用。有因标者。有因本者。勿因此因字。而误认因方之义。
（石顽参补）
一、兼方之制。用间法也。与师旅之间谍无异。举世但知以寒治热。以热治寒。曷知病势之危殆。
错杂难分。况多假脉假证。非洞达玉函金匮之奥。难以语此如表证用麻黄。此正治也。越婢大青龙则兼石膏
以化热。麻附细辛汤、麻附甘草汤则兼附子以救寒。此变法也。阴寒用附子此正治也真武汤则兼生
姜以散水气。白通、通脉则兼葱白以通阳猪胆汁以收阴。此变法也。腑实用大黄。此正治也。大黄附子汤、附
子泻心汤则兼附子以破结。黄龙汤则兼人参以助力。足补南阳之未逮。此变法也。阳邪陷阴欲转阳分。用
芍药、甘草护持营气。此正治也。四逆散则兼柴胡以通中道。当归四逆则兼桂枝以通接壤。使阴从阳化。
此变法中之定法也。妊娠胎息不安。用茯苓、芍药护持阴血。此正治也。附子汤则兼附子以治子脏开。
少腹如扇桂心茯苓丸则兼桂心以治宿有 病。胎动下血。始知桂、附反有固胎之用。是皆病证之变端。
不能守寻常绳墨也。然必察其生气未艾。方可特出奇兵以击之。若脉证俱殆。慎勿贪功以招烁金之谤也。
读景岳先生八略。至末条因略。略无深意。而独不及兼制之法。余不自揣。赘入此例。以续貂之不足。
其因略原文。
不敢擅裁。仍两存之。石顽老人漫述。
一、固方（固涩剂）的制定原则。是为了固摄体内的滑脱泄泻。例如久咳导致气喘，且气机向上耗散者，应当固摄肺脏。长期遗精导致淋浊，且精气向下脱失者，应当固摄肾脏。小便失禁者，应当固摄膀胱。大便失禁者，应当固摄肠道。汗出不止者，应当固摄皮毛。出血不止者，应当固摄营血和冲脉。凡是因寒邪导致的滑脱，应当用热性药物来固摄；因热邪导致的滑脱，应当用寒性药物来固摄。总之，病位在上或在表层的，都适宜固摄气分，因为气主要归属于肺。病位在下或在里层的，都适宜固摄精微，因为精主要归属于肾。然而，只有虚证才适合固摄，实证不适合固摄；久病才适合固摄，暴病不适合固摄。该固摄而不固摄，就像大海也会枯竭；不该固摄而强行固摄，就像是关起门来延长寇盗的侵扰。这两种情况都应当仔细斟酌。
二、因方（随证施治/对因治疗）的制定原则。是根据病因或病机中可以进行针对性处理的部分。凡是病情有相同之处的，都可以按照证候来使用相应的方药，这称为“因方”。例如痈疽毒邪发作，肿胀可以外敷药物治疗；蛇虫咬伤的危害，毒素可以解除；汤火烫伤肌肤，热气可以消散；跌打损伤筋骨，断裂可以接续。凡此种种，都是根据证候可以使用药物处理的。但是，在“因”之中也有不可随意因循的情况，关键在于证候虽然相同但病因不同。因为人的体质虚实、寒热各有不同，表里阴阳的治疗应当分类进行。所以有的情况适合这种方法而不适合那种方法，有的表面相似但内在机理不同。因此，即使病症看似相似，但只要涉及内伤，就必须在气血状况中斟酌是否适用这种针对病因的治疗方法，不能认为所有“因方”类的方子都可以随意使用。所谓“因”的作用，有针对标症的，有针对本源的。不要因为“因”这个字，就错误地理解“因方”的含义。
（石顽老人参补）
三、兼方（兼治法）的制定原则。这是运用间杂并用的治疗方法。这与军队中的间谍战术没有两样。世人只知道以寒治热、以热治寒，哪里知道病势危急复杂、难以分辨？况且往往出现假脉假证，如果不是透彻掌握《玉函》《金匮》等经典的奥妙，很难与此谈论。例如表证使用麻黄汤，这是正治法。越婢汤和大青龙汤则兼用石膏来化解热邪；麻黄附子细辛汤、麻黄附子甘草汤则兼用附子来救助寒邪，这是变法。阴寒证使用附子，这是正治法；真武汤则兼用生姜来发散水气，白通汤、通脉四逆汤则兼用葱白来通达阳气，猪胆汁来收敛阴液，这是变法。腑实便秘使用大黄，这是正治法；大黄附子汤、附子泻心汤则兼用附子来破除结滞，黄龙汤则兼用人参来助力，足以弥补张仲景（南阳先生）的不足，这是变法。阳邪陷入阴分欲转回阳分时，使用芍药、甘草护持营气，这是正治法；四逆散则兼用柴胡来通达中道，当归四逆汤则兼用桂枝来通达接壤之处，使阴气从阳气转化，这是变法中的定法。妊娠期间胎息不安，使用茯苓、芍药护持阴血，这是正治法；附子汤则兼用附子来治疗子宫松弛（子脏开），少腹如扇风感；桂心茯苓丸则兼用桂心来治疗素有癥瘕积块引起的胎动下血，这才知道桂枝、附子反而有固护胎儿的作用。这些都是病证的变端，不能拘守寻常的法度。然而必须观察患者生机未绝，才可以特意出奇兵来攻击病邪。如果脉象和证候都极其危殆，千万不要贪求功效而招致“烁金”（过度治疗伤害正气）的指责。读景岳先生的《八略》，到了最后一条“因略”，缺乏深意，而且唯独没有提到兼制的方法。我自知浅薄，赘述加入这一例，虽不足以续貂，但为了补充完整，将“因略”原文不敢擅自删改，仍保留两者并存。石顽老人漫述。
1. The principle of formulating *Gu Fang* (Astringent Formulas). It is used to secure and retain pathological discharges. For instance, in cases of chronic cough leading to asthma with Qi dissipating upwards, one should secure the Lung. In cases of long-term seminal emission resulting in stranguria with Essence depleting downwards, one should secure the Kidney. For urinary incontinence, one should secure the Bladder. For fecal incontinence, one should secure the Intestines. For incessant sweating, one should secure the Skin and Hair pores. For unceasing bleeding, one should secure the Ying Blood (Nutritive Blood) and Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel). Generally, for discharges caused by Cold, one should use Hot herbs to secure; for discharges caused by Heat, one should use Cold herbs to secure. In summary, for conditions located superiorly or in the Exterior, it is appropriate to secure Qi, as Qi primarily resides in the Lung. For conditions located inferiorly or in the Interior, it is appropriate to secure Essence, as Essence primarily resides in the Kidney. However, only deficiency patterns are suitable for astringing; excess patterns are not. Chronic conditions are suitable for astringing; acute/sudden conditions are not. If astringing is indicated but not applied, even the vast ocean will dry up. If astringing is applied when not indicated, it is like closing the door to prolong the invasion of thieves. Both situations require careful deliberation.
2. The principle of formulating *Yin Fang* (Targeted/Etiological Formulas). It involves addressing aspects of the disease that can be specifically targeted. Whenever diseases share similar presentations, they can be treated according to the syndrome, which is called *Yin Fang*. For example, when carbuncles and toxins arise, swelling can be treated with topical applications; when harmed by snakes or insects, toxicity can be resolved; when skin and muscles are burned by boiling water or fire, heat can be dispersed; when bones and sinews are injured by falls or blows, fractures can be united. All such cases involve treating based on the syndrome using medication. However, within "targeting," there are instances where targeting is inappropriate, depending on whether the syndrome is identical but the etiology differs. Because individuals vary in their deficiency/excess and cold/heat states, and treatments for Exterior/Interior and Yin/Yang must be categorized, some methods suit one case but not another, and some appear similar on the surface but differ internally. Therefore, even if diseases seem similar, if they involve internal injury, one must deliberate within the context of Qi and Blood whether such etiological treatment is applicable. One cannot assume that all formulas classified under *Yin Fang* are universally applicable. The function of "Yin" includes targeting the branch (symptoms) and targeting the root (etiology). Do not mistake the character "Yin" for the meaning of *Yin Fang*.
(Commentary added by Shiwan)
3. The principle of formulating *Jian Fang* (Combined/Mixed Treatment Formulas). This employs mixed methods, akin to espionage tactics in warfare. The world generally knows only to treat Heat with Cold and Cold with Heat. How do they know that disease trends can be critical, complex, and difficult to distinguish? Moreover, false pulses and false symptoms often occur. Without a profound understanding of the mysteries in *Yu Han* and *Jin Gui*, one cannot discuss this. For example, using Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) for exterior syndromes is standard treatment (*Zheng Zhi*). Yue Bi Tang (Yuebi Decoction) and Da Qing Long Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction) combine Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) to transform Heat; Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction) and Ma Huang Fu Zi Gan Cao Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction) combine Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) to rescue from Cold. These are modified treatments (*Bian Fa*). Using Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) for Yin-Cold is standard treatment; Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) combines Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) to disperse Water-Qi; Bai Tong Tang (White Pass Decoction) and Tong Mai Si Ni Tang (Pulse-Returning Decoction) combine Cong Bai (Scallion White) to unblock Yang, and Zhu Dan Zhi (Porcine Bile) to gather Yin. These are modified treatments. Using Da Huang (Rhubarb Radix) for Fu-organ excess is standard treatment; Da Huang Fu Zi Tang (Rhubarb and Aconite Decoction) and Fu Zi Xie Xin Tang (Aconite and Gallbladder-Decoction) combine Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) to break stagnation; Huang Long Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction) combines Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) to boost strength, supplementing the limitations of Zhang Zhongjing (the Nanyang Master). This is a modified treatment. When Yang pathogens sink into Yin and wish to return to the Yang aspect, using Shao Yao (Peony Root) and Gan Cao (Licorice Root) to protect Ying Qi is standard treatment; Si Ni San (Frigid Extremities Powder) combines Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root) to unblock the central pathway; Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (Angelica Frigid Extremities Decoction) combines Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) to unblock adjacent areas, allowing Yin to transform via Yang. This is a fixed method within modified treatments. During pregnancy, if fetal movement is unstable, using Fu Ling (Poria) and Shao Yao (Peony Root) to protect Yin Blood is standard treatment; Fu Zi Tang (Aconite Decoction) combines Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) to treat uterine laxity ("opening of the child's organ") with a sensation of wind in the lower abdomen; Gui Xin Fu Ling Wan (Cinnamon Heart and Poria Pill) combines Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart) to treat fetal restlessness and bleeding caused by existing masses. Only then is it understood that Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) can have a fetuses-stabilizing effect. These are variations in disease presentation, and one cannot adhere strictly to ordinary rules. However, one must observe that the patient's vital energy is still robust before employing special tactics to attack the pathogen. If both pulse and symptoms indicate extreme danger, do not greedily seek merit and invite criticism for "burning metal" (damaging healthy Qi through over-treatment). Reading Mr. Jingyue's "Eight Briefs," I found the final section "Yin Brief" lacking in depth and notably omitting the method of combined regulation. Presuming my own inadequacy, I have appended this example. Though insufficient to continue the silk embroidery, I dare not arbitrarily alter the original text of "Yin Brief," so I preserve both. Described casually by Elder Shiwan.