忌铜、铁。
味咸，性温。入命门，兼入足少阴经血分。壮阳强阴。除茎中虚痛，腰膝寒疼，阴冷不
孕。同鳝鱼为末，黄精汁为
丸服之，力增十倍。得山萸肉、北五味，治善食中消。得沉香，治汗多虚秘。合菟丝子，治
尿血泄精。佐精羊肉，治精
败面黑。（肾中无火精亦败）
酒浸，刷去浮甲，劈破中心，去肉筋膜如竹丝草样者。有此能隔人心前气不散，令人上
气也
。漂极淡，蒸半日用，以酥炙用亦可。润大便不须炙。大便滑，精不固，火盛便秘，阳道易
举，心虚气胀，皆禁用。
甘，温。入足少阴经血分。益精兴阳，润肠壮筋。佐虎骨胶，治痿弱。
酥炙。禁用与苁蓉同。
即赤箭，一名定风草。
辛，温。入足厥阴经气分。止风虚眩晕，通血脉九窍。治痫定惊，治风疏痰，有自内达
外之
功。配川芎，治肝虚头痛。（肝气喜畅。）配白术，去湿。
用蒺藜子同煮，去子，以湿纸包煨熟，取出切片，酒浸一宿，焙干用。
肝虚则劲，胆不滋养，则风动于中，此肝胆性气之风，非外感天气也。天麻定肝胆之内
风。
但血虚者，畏其助火，火炽则风益劲。宜于补血之剂，加此为使，然亦不可久用，多则三四
服而止。
一名吃力伽
防风、地榆为之使。忌桃、李、雀肉、菘菜、青鱼。
甘、苦，性温。入足太阴、阳明经气分。补脾温胃，和中燥湿，益气生血。进饮食，治劳倦，
化症癖，除呕吐，消
痰饮，疗黄胆，逐水肿，止泻痢，收自汗，长肌肉。理心下急满，利腰间血滞。去风寒湿痹，
定痛安胎。得当归、白芍，
补血。得半夏，止呕吐。配姜、桂，治五饮。（一留饮，水停心下。二癖饮，水在两胁。三
痰饮，水在胃中。四溢饮，水
在五脏。五流饮，水在肠间。）配莲肉，止泻痢。配茯苓，利水道。君枳实，化症瘕。佐人
参、黄 ，补气止汗。佐川连，
去湿火。佐黄芩，安胎清热。合车前，除肿胀。入广皮，生津液。
产于潜者，气清味甘，最佳。今甚难得。即浙江诸山野出者，呼为天生术，亦佳。冬术甘而
柔软，夏术苦而燥烈，功用大有不同，不可不辨。入风痹药中宜生用，一云补中气生用。燥
脾胃，陈壁土拌炒。和胃，米泔浸炒。补气，蜜水拌炒。理气，枳壳汁炒。恐其性燥，乳拌
蒸熟。去滞，姜汁炒。除胀，麸皮拌炒。去水，苍术拌炒。治泻痢，炒黑存性。胸腹嘈杂，
（恐助脾胃之火。）肝肾动气，（恐伤阴气。）怒气伤肝，（术能引肝邪以入脾。）脾阴不足，（
术能耗液。）溃疡，（气闭脓生而多痛。）奔豚，（术能增气。）哮喘，（术多闭气。）烦渴，（术
性燥。）痘已成脓，（术性燥。）九者禁用。脾本阴脏，固恶湿，又恶燥，太润未免泥泞，太
燥反成顽土，如不审其燥湿，
动以白术为补脾开胃之品而妄用之，脾阴虚乏，津液益耗，且令中气愈滞，胃口愈闭，肺金
绝其元，肾水增其燥，阴受
其害，不可胜数。若脾气虚乏，或因虚不能制湿者，用之乃为得当。
忌用铜器、铁器。
味咸，性温。入命门经，兼入足少阴肾经的血分。能壮阳强阴。消除阴茎中虚痛、腰膝寒冷疼痛、阴冷不孕。与鳝鱼研为末，用黄精汁制成丸剂服用，效力增加十倍。配伍山萸肉、北五味子，治疗消渴病中的善食易饥型（中消）。配伍沉香，治疗汗多导致的虚性便秘。合用菟丝子，治疗尿血、遗精。佐以精羊肉，治疗精败面黑。（因肾中无火导致精液败坏）
酒浸后，刷去表面浮甲，劈开中心，去除内部如竹丝草样的肉筋膜。有此物存在能阻碍人心前之气不散，导致上气。漂洗至极淡，蒸半天，用酥炙也可使用。润大便不需要炙。大便滑泄、精气不固、火盛便秘、阳道易举、心虚气胀，都禁用。
甘，温。入足少阴肾经血分。益精兴阳，润肠壮筋。佐以虎骨胶，治疗痿弱。
用酥炙。禁止与肉苁蓉同用。
即赤箭，一名定风草。
辛，温。入足厥阴肝经气分。止风虚眩晕，通血脉九窍。治疗癫痫定惊，治风疏痰，有自内达外的功效。配伍川芎，治疗肝虚头痛。（肝气喜欢舒畅。）配伍白术，祛湿。
用蒺藜子同煮，去掉蒺藜子，用湿纸包裹煨熟，取出切片，酒浸一夜，焙干使用。
肝虚则劲急，胆不滋养，则风动于内，这是肝胆性气之风，不是外感天气所致。天麻能定肝胆之内风。
但血虚者，畏惧其助火，火炽则风更劲急。宜在补血剂中加入此药作为引经使药，然而也不可久用，多用三到四服即止。
一名吃力伽
防风、地榆为之使。忌桃、李、雀肉、菘菜、青鱼。
甘、苦，性温。入足太阴脾经、阳明胃经气分。补脾温胃，和中燥湿，益气生血。增进饮食，治疗劳倦，化解症癖，消除呕吐，消散痰饮，治疗黄疸，驱逐水肿，止泻痢，收敛自汗，生长肌肉。调理心下急满，利腰间血滞。祛除风寒湿痹，定痛安胎。配伍当归、白芍，补血。配伍半夏，止呕吐。配伍姜、桂，治疗五饮。（一留饮，水停心下。二癖饮，水在两胁。三痰饮，水在胃中。四溢饮，水在五脏。五流饮，水在肠间。）配伍莲肉，止泻痢。配伍茯苓，利水道。以枳实为君药，化解症瘕。佐以人参、黄芪，补气止汗。佐以川连，去湿火。佐以黄芩，安胎清热。合用车前，除肿胀。加入广皮，生津液。
产于潜地的，气清味甘，最佳。现在很难得到。即浙江诸山野生的，称为天生术，也很好。冬术甘而柔软，夏术苦而燥烈，功用大有不同，不可不辨别。入风痹药中宜生用，一说补中气生用。燥脾胃，用陈壁土拌炒。和胃，用米泔水浸炒。补气，用蜜水拌炒。理气，用枳壳汁炒。恐其性燥，用乳汁拌蒸熟。去滞，用姜汁炒。除胀，用麸皮拌炒。去水，用苍术拌炒。治疗泻痢，炒黑存性。胸腹嘈杂，（恐助脾胃之火。）肝肾动气，（恐伤阴气。）怒气伤肝，（术能引肝邪以入脾。）脾阴不足，（术能耗液。）溃疡，（气闭脓生而多痛。）奔豚，（术能增气。）哮喘，（术多闭气。）烦渴，（术性燥。）痘已成脓，（术性燥。）这九种情况禁用。脾本是阴脏，固然厌恶湿，又厌恶燥，太润未免泥泞，太燥反成顽土，如果不审察其燥湿，动不动就把白术当作补脾开胃之品而妄用，脾阴虚乏，津液更加耗损，且令中气更加停滞，胃口更加闭塞，肺金绝其元气，肾水增加其燥，阴受其害，不可胜数。若脾气虚乏，或因虚不能制湿者，使用它才为得当。
Avoid copper and iron vessels.
Salty in flavor, warm in nature. Enters the Mingmen (Gate of Life) and concurrently enters the blood aspect of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Strengthens yang and fortifies yin. Eliminates deficiency pain in the penis, cold pain in the waist and knees, infertility due to cold genitals. Mixed with eel powder and formed into pills with Polygonatum juice, its efficacy increases tenfold. Combined with Cornus officinalis fruit (Shanzhuyu) and Schisandra berry (Bei Wuweizi), it treats Zhongxiao (Polyphagia-type Diabetes Mellitus). Combined with Agarwood (Chenxiang), it treats deficiency constipation caused by excessive sweating. Combined with Cuscuta seed (Tusizi), it treats hematuria and seminal emission. Assisted by lean mutton, it treats blackened complexion due to essence deterioration. (Essence deteriorates due to lack of fire in the kidney.)
Soak in wine, brush off the floating shell, split open the center, and remove the fibrous membrane resembling bamboo silk. The presence of this substance can prevent the dispersion of qi in front of the heart, leading to upward rushing of qi. Rinse until extremely pale, steam for half a day, or use prepared with lard su. Not required to be processed for moistening the bowels. Contraindicated in cases of loose stools, unstable essence, constipation due to excess heat, easy erection of the penis, deficiency of the heart with qi distension.
Sweet, warm. Enters the blood aspect of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Benefits essence, promotes yang, moistens the intestines, and strengthens tendons. Assisted by Tiger Bone Gelatin, it treats flaccidity and weakness.
Prepare with lard su. Contraindicated to be used together with Cistanche.
Also known as Chijian, alternatively named Dingfengcao (Wind-Calming Grass).
Pungent, warm. Enters the qi aspect of the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Stops dizziness and vertigo due to wind-deficiency, unblocks the nine orifices and blood vessels. Treats epilepsy and calms fright, disperses wind and resolves phlegm, possessing the function of directing from interior to exterior. Paired with Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome (Chuanxiong), it treats headache due to liver deficiency. (Liver qi prefers smoothness.) Paired with Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome (Baizhu), it removes dampness.
Boil with Tribulus seeds, remove the seeds, wrap in wet paper and roast until cooked, take out, slice, soak in wine overnight, and dry by baking.
Liver deficiency leads to stiffness; if the Gallbladder is not nourished, wind moves within. This is wind arising from the nature and qi of the Liver and Gallbladder, not external pathogenic weather. Gastrodia elata tuber (Tianma) stabilizes internal wind of the Liver and Gallbladder.
However, those with blood deficiency fear it will aid fire; when fire blazes, wind becomes more vigorous. It is suitable to add this herb as an guiding agent in blood-nourishing formulas, but it should not be used for long; stop after three to four doses.
Alternatively named Qilijie.
Saposhnikovia divaricata root (Fangfeng) and Sanguisorba officinalis root (Diyu) act as guides. Avoid peaches, plums, sparrow meat, Chinese cabbage (Songcai), and green fish.
Sweet, bitter, warm in nature. Enters the qi aspect of the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and Yangming Stomach Meridian. Tonifies the spleen and warms the stomach, harmonizes the middle and dries dampness, benefits qi and generates blood. Promotes appetite, treats fatigue, resolves masses, eliminates vomiting, dissipates phlegm-fluids, treats jaundice, drives out edema, stops diarrhea and dysentery, consolidates spontaneous sweating, promotes flesh growth. Regulates urgency and fullness in the epigastrium, promotes blood stasis in the waist. Expels wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, calms pain and secures the fetus. Paired with Angelica sinensis root (Danggui) and White Peony Root (Baishao), it tonifies blood. Paired with Pinellia ternata rhizome (Banxia), it stops vomiting. Paired with Ginger and Cinnamon twig (Gui), it treats the Five Fluid Retentions. (1. Liuyin: water retained below the heart. 2. Pixyin: water between the hypochondriac regions. 3. Tanyin: water in the stomach. 4. Siyinyin: water in the five zang organs. 5. Liuyin: water between the intestines.) Paired with Lotus seed (Lianrou), it stops diarrhea and dysentery. Paired with Poria cocos sclerotium (Fuling), it promotes urination. As the sovereign drug with Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi), it resolves masses. Assisted by Ginseng radix (Renshen) and Astragalus membranaceus root (Huangqi), it benefits qi and stops sweating. Assisted by Coptis chinensis rhizome (Chuanlian), it clears damp-heat. Assisted by Scutellaria baicalensis root (Huangqin), it secures the fetus and clears heat. Combined with Plantago asiatica seed (Cheqian), it reduces swelling. Added with Tangerine peel (Guangpi), it generates fluids.
Those produced in Qian have clear qi and sweet taste, considered best. Now very difficult to obtain. Those wild-growing in Zhejiang mountains are called Tianshengzhu, also excellent. Winter Baizhu is sweet and soft; summer Baizhu is bitter and drying-acrid. Their functions differ greatly and must be distinguished. For wind-bi formulas, raw use is appropriate; some say raw use tonifies middle qi. To dry spleen and stomach, stir-fry with old wall soil. To harmonize the stomach, stir-fry after soaking in rice wash water. To benefit qi, stir-fry with honey water. To regulate qi, stir-fry with Aurantium index juice. To avoid its drying nature, steam熟 with milk. To remove stagnation, stir-fry with ginger juice. To reduce distension, stir-fry with bran. To remove water, stir-fry with Atractylodes lancea rhizome (Cangzhu). To treat diarrhea and dysentery, stir-fry until charred on the outside but retaining inner properties. Contraindicated in nine conditions: Epigastric discomfort (fear of aiding spleen-stomach fire), Liver-kidney moving qi (fear of damaging yin qi), Anger injuring the liver (the herb can draw liver pathogens into the spleen), Spleen yin insufficiency (the herb consumes fluids), Ulcers (qi closure leads to pus formation and pain), Running Piglet syndrome (ben tun) (the herb increases qi), Asthma (the herb tends to close qi), Thirst with irritability (the herb is drying), Acne/pox already suppurating (the herb is drying). These nine situations are contraindicated. The Spleen is inherently a yin organ; while it dislikes dampness, it also dislikes dryness. Too much moisture leads to mud-like consistency; too much dryness results in hard earth. If one does not assess dryness vs. dampness, and recklessly uses Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome (Baizhu) as a spleen-tonifying and appetite-opening agent, spleen yin insufficiency will worsen, fluids will further deplete, middle qi will become more stagnant, and the stomach gate will close tighter. Lung metal will lose its origin, Kidney water will increase its dryness, causing immense harm to yin. However, if there is spleen qi deficiency or inability to control dampness due to deficiency, using it is appropriate.