味辛、温，无毒。主疗风寒洗洗，霍乱，泄痢，肠鸣上下无常处，惊痫，寒热百疾，疗
肺伤咳逆出汗，久寒在膀胱
支满，饮酒夜食发病。一名白菀，一名织女菀，一名茆。生汉中川谷或山阳，正月、二月采，
阴干。
畏卤咸。比来医方都无复用之。市人亦少有，便是欲绝。别复有白菀似紫菀，非此之别
名
〔谨案〕白菀即女菀，
更无别者，有名未用中，浪出一条，无紫菀时亦用之，功效相似也。
味苦、甘，微温，无毒。主乳妇内衄，中风余疾，大腹水肿，身面四肢浮肿，骨节中水，
金疮痈肿疮脓。产后金疮
内塞。一名虎兰，一名龙枣，一名虎蒲。生汝南诸大泽旁，三月三日采，阴干。
防己为之使。今处处有，多生下湿地。叶微香，可煎油，或生泽旁，故名泽兰，亦名都
梁香，可作浴汤。人家多种
之，而叶小异。今山中又有一种甚相似，茎方，叶小强，不甚香。既云
山中者为非，而药家乃采用
之。
〔谨案〕泽兰，茎方，节紫色，叶
似兰草而不香，今京下用之者，是。陶云都梁香，乃兰草尔，俗名兰香，煮以洗浴，亦生泽
畔，人家种之，花白，紫萼
茎圆，殊非泽兰也。陶注兰草，复云名都梁香，并不深识也。
味苦、甘、酸，微寒，无毒。主妇人乳 痛，七伤，带下病，止痛，除恶肉，止汗，疗
金
热疮，消酒，除消渴，补绝伤，产后内塞，可作金疮膏。生桐柏及宛朐山谷。二月、八月采
根，曝干。
得发良，恶麦门冬。今近道处处有，叶似榆而长，初生布地，而花子紫黑色如豉，故名
玉豉。一茎长直上，根亦入
酿酒。道方烧作灰，能烂石也。乏茗时，用叶作饮，亦好。
〔谨案
氏音义》云∶一曰多赤，二曰
多白，三曰月水不通，四曰阴蚀，五曰子藏坚，六曰子门僻，七曰合阴阳患痛，八曰小腹寒
痛，九曰子门闭，十曰子宫
冷，十一曰梦与鬼交，十二曰五脏不定。用叶作饮代茶，甚解热。
【女菀】
味辛、温，无毒。主治风寒引起的恶寒战栗，霍乱，泄泻痢疾，肠鸣且疼痛部位上下游走不定，惊痫，以及伴有寒热症状的各种疾病；治疗肺损伤导致的咳嗽气逆、出汗，膀胱内长期存在的寒气导致的胀满，以及因饮酒和夜间进食引发的疾病。又名白菀，又名织女菀，又名茆。生长在汉中的河谷或向阳的山坡上，正月、二月采集，阴干。
畏惧卤咸之物。近来医方中已不再使用它。市场上也很少见到，几乎要断绝了。另外还有一种白菀类似紫菀（Asteris Tatarici Radix et Rhizoma），并非此药的女菀的别名。
[谨案] 白菀即女菀，没有其他的种类。在《神农本草经》“有名未用”篇中，凭空多出一条记载，在没有紫菀的时候也可以用它代替，功效相似。
【泽兰】
味苦、甘，微温，无毒。主治产后妇女的内出血，中风后的残余病症，大腹水肿，身体、面部及四肢浮肿，骨节中的积水，金创（金属利器造成的创伤）痈肿疮脓。用于产后金创内部堵塞。又名虎兰，又名龙枣，又名虎蒲。生长在汝南各大沼泽旁边，三月三日采集，阴干。
防己（Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix）作为其引经药/辅助药。现在到处都有，多生长在下湿之地。叶子有微香，可以煎油，或者生长在水泽旁边，所以名叫泽兰，也叫都梁香，可以用来制作沐浴汤剂。人家多种植它，但叶子略有不同。现在山中又有一种非常相似的植物，茎方形，叶子较小且硬，香气不浓。既然说山中的那种不是正品，但制药的人却采用了它。
[谨案] 泽兰，茎方形，节部呈紫色，叶子像兰草但没有香味，现在京城附近使用的就是这种，是正确的。陶弘景说都梁香，其实是兰草（Elsholtziae Haplostachyos Herba），俗称兰香，煮水洗浴，也生长在水边，人家种植它，花白色，花萼紫色，茎圆形，与泽兰完全不同。陶弘景在注释兰草时，又说它名叫都梁香，说明他并没有深刻认识清楚。
【地榆】
味苦、甘、酸，微寒，无毒。主治妇人乳痛，七伤，带下病，止痛，去除恶肉（腐坏组织），止汗，治疗热疮，消酒毒，解除消渴症，补益严重外伤，产后内部堵塞，可制作成金疮膏。生长在桐柏及宛朐的山谷中。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
与头发同用效果好，畏麦门冬（Ophiopogonis Radix）。现在邻近道路处处都有，叶子像榆树但更长，刚出生时铺在地上，花籽紫黑色像豆豉，所以名叫玉豉。一茎长直向上，根也可以用来酿酒。道教的方子将其烧成灰，能腐蚀石头。缺乏茶茗的时候，用叶子做饮料，也很好。
[谨案 《经典释文》中说：一曰多赤（赤白带下量多色红），二曰多白（赤白带下量多色白），三曰月水不通（月经闭止），四曰阴蚀（外阴溃烂），五曰子藏坚（子宫坚硬），六曰子门僻（子门偏斜），七曰合阴阳患痛（性交疼痛），八曰小腹寒痛（小腹部寒冷疼痛），九曰子门闭（子门闭塞），十曰子宫冷（子宫寒冷），十一曰梦与鬼交（梦交），十二曰五脏不定（五脏功能紊乱）。用叶子做饮料代茶，很能解热。
[Nuwan (Female Gentian Root)]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats chills caused by wind-cold, cholera, diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus with pain migrating up and down without a fixed location, convulsions and epilepsy, and various diseases accompanied by aversion to cold and fever; treats cough and air rebellion with sweating due to lung injury, distension and fullness in the bladder caused by long-standing cold, and diseases triggered by drinking alcohol and eating at night. Also known as Baiwan, also known as Zhinvwan, also known as Mao. Grows in river valleys or sunny slopes in Hanzhong. Harvested in the first and second lunar months, dried in the shade.
Incompatible with halogenated salts. Recently, medical prescriptions have ceased using it. It is rarely found in markets, and its use is nearly extinct. Additionally, there is another plant called Baiwan that resembles Ziwann (Asteris Tatarici Radix et Rhizoma), which is not an alias for this Nuwan.
[Note] Baiwan is indeed Nuwan, with no other varieties. In the "Named but Unused" section of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, an entry was fabricated out of thin air; when Ziwann is unavailable, it can be used as a substitute, as their efficacy is similar.
[Zelan (Eupatorium Herb)]
Bitter, sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats internal bleeding in postpartum women, residual symptoms after stroke, massive abdominal edema, edema of the body, face, and four limbs, water accumulation in joints, abscesses and pus from metal wounds (Jinchuang). Used for internal blockage from metal wounds after childbirth. Also known as Hulan, also known as Longzao, also known as Hupu. Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji) serves as its guiding herb/auxiliary agent. It is now available everywhere, mostly growing in damp lowlands. The leaves have a slight fragrance and can be decocted for oil, or grown near marshes, hence the name Zelan. It is also called Duliangxiang and can be used to prepare bathing decoctions. Many households cultivate it, though the leaves may vary slightly. Currently, there is another plant in the mountains that looks very similar: the stem is square, the leaves are smaller and tougher, and it lacks strong fragrance. Although it is stated that the mountain variety is not the authentic one, herbalists still adopt it.
[Note] Zelan has a square stem and purple nodes; its leaves resemble those of Lancao (Elsholtziae Haplostachyos Herba) but lack fragrance. The variety currently used in the capital region is correct. Tao Hongjing claimed that Duliangxiang is actually Lancao, commonly known as Lanxiang, which is boiled for bathing. It also grows by the water's edge and is cultivated by households; it has white flowers, purple calyxes, and round stems, which is completely different from Zelan. Tao's annotation on Lancao, stating it is also named Duliangxiang, indicates a lack of deep understanding.
[Diyu (Sanguisorba Root)]
Bitter, sweet, sour, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats breast pain in women, seven types of injuries, leukorrhea, pain relief, removal of necrotic tissue, cessation of sweating, treatment of heat sores, resolution of alcohol toxicity, relief of polydipsia, tonification of severe trauma, internal blockage postpartum, and can be prepared as a plaster for metal wounds. Grows in the valleys of Tongbai and Wanqu. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and sun-dried.
Effective when combined with human hair; incompatible with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maimendong). It is now found everywhere along nearby roads. The leaves resemble elm leaves but are longer; when young, they spread flat on the ground. The seeds are purplish-black like fermented soybeans (douchi), hence the name Yuchi. A single stem grows straight upward, and the root can also be used to brew wine. Daoist formulas burn it into ash, which can corrode stone. When tea is scarce, the leaves can be used as a beverage, which is also good.
[Note] According to the *Jingdian Shiwen*: 1. Excessive red discharge (leukorrhea with blood); 2. Excessive white discharge; 3. Amenorrhea; 4. Genital erosion; 5. Hard uterus; 6. Deviated cervical os; 7. Pain during intercourse; 8. Cold pain in the lower abdomen; 9. Closed cervical os; 10. Cold uterus; 11. Dream coitus; 12. Instability of the five zang organs. Using the leaves as a tea substitute effectively clears heat.